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1. 发明申请

WO2007015710A3 THE FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF NANOFIBER RIBBONS AND SHEETS AND TWISTED AND NON-TWISTED NANOFIBER YARNS 审中-公开
标题翻译：纳米纤维和薄片和双向和非捻度纳米纤维纱线的制造和应用
公开(公告)号：WO2007015710A3
公开(公告)日：2009-04-09
申请号：PCT/US2005041031
申请日：2005-11-09
申请人： UNIV TEXAS , COMMW SCIENT IND RES ORG , ZHANG MEI , FANG SHAOLI , BAUGHMAN RAY H , ZAKHIDOV ANVAR A , ATKINSON KENNETH ROSS , ALIEV ALI E , LI SERGEY , WILLIAMS CHRIS
发明人： ZHANG MEI , FANG SHAOLI , BAUGHMAN RAY H , ZAKHIDOV ANVAR A , ATKINSON KENNETH ROSS , ALIEV ALI E , LI SERGEY , WILLIAMS CHRIS
IPC分类号： D01F9/12
CPC分类号： C01B32/158 , B01L3/502707 , B29C47/0059 , B32B5/02 , B32B5/12 , B32B18/00 , B32B37/12 , B32B2262/106 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2310/00 , B32B2313/04 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B31/0226 , C01B31/024 , C01B31/0253 , C01B31/0293 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/154 , C01B32/16 , C01B32/164 , C01B32/168 , C01B32/17 , C01B32/18 , C01B32/36 , C01B2202/06 , C01B2202/08 , C04B35/62231 , C04B35/62272 , C04B35/62281 , C04B35/62855 , C04B35/62892 , C04B35/62897 , C04B35/80 , C04B2235/422 , C04B2235/5248 , C04B2235/526 , C04B2235/5264 , C04B2235/616 , C23C16/44 , C23C16/50 , D01F9/08 , D01F9/12 , D01F9/127 , D01F9/1273 , D01F9/1275 , D02G3/16 , D02G3/28 , D02G3/44 , D04H3/002 , D06B15/00 , D06M15/256 , D06M15/333 , D10B2101/122 , G01L1/2287 , G02F1/133308 , G02F2001/133334 , G02F2001/1515 , H01B1/24 , H01B5/08 , H01G11/36 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/444 , H01L51/5206 , H01L51/5234 , H01L51/5296 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/926 , H01M10/0565 , H05K9/0081 , Y02E10/549 , Y02E60/13 , Y02P20/135 , Y02P70/521 , Y10S977/742 , Y10S977/745 , Y10S977/746 , Y10S977/752 , Y10S977/843 , Y10S977/844 , Y10S977/847 , Y10S977/848 , Y10S977/932 , Y10S977/948 , Y10S977/961 , Y10T428/30
摘要： The present invention is directed to nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets; to methods of making said yarns, ribbons, and sheets; and to applications of said yarns, ribbons, and sheets. In some embodiments, the nanotube yarns, ribbons, and sheets comprise carbon nanotubes. Particularly, such carbon nanotube yarns of the present invention provide unique properties and property combinations such as extreme toughness, resistance to failure at knots, high electrical and thermal conductivities, high absorption of energy that occurs reversibly, up to 13% strain-to-failure compared with the few percent strain-to-failure of other fibers with similar toughness, very high resistance to creep, retention of strength even when heated in air at 450°C for one hour, and very high radiation and UV resistance, even when irradiated in air. Furthermore these nanotube yarns can be spun as one micron diameter yarns and plied at will to make two-fold, four-fold, and higher fold yarns. Additional embodiments provide for the spinning of nanofiber sheets having arbitrarily large widths. In still additional embodiments, the present invention is directed to applications and devices that utilize and/or comprise the nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets of the present invention.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及纳米纤维纱线，丝带和片材; 制造所述纱线，丝带和片材的方法; 以及所述纱线，丝带和片材的应用。在一些实施方案中，纳米管纱线，带状物和片材包含碳纳米管。特别地，本发明的这种碳纳米管纱线提供独特的性能和性能组合，例如极韧性，耐击穿能力差，电导率和导热性高，可逆地发生高达13％的应变 - 失效的能量的高吸收与具有相似韧性的其他纤维的几个百分比应变破坏相比，非常高的抗蠕变性，即使在450℃下在空气中加热1小时也能保持强度，甚至在辐射和抗紫外线时具有非常高的辐射和抗紫外线性在空气中此外，这些纳米管纱线可以作为一微米直径的纱线纺丝并且随意地分层以制备两倍，四倍和更高的折叠纱线。另外的实施例提供了具有任意大宽度的纳米纤维片材的纺丝。在另外的实施例中，本发明涉及利用和/或包含本发明的纳米纤维纱线，带状物和片材的应用和装置。

2. 发明申请

WO2011005375A2 FABRICATION OF BISCROLLED FIBER USING CARBON NANOTUBE SHEET 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用碳纳米管片的双晶硅纤维的制造
公开(公告)号：WO2011005375A2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-13
申请号：PCT/US2010/036378
申请日：2010-05-27
申请人： BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , FANG, Shaoli , LIMA, Marcio, Dias , OVALLE-ROBLES, Raquel , LEPRO-CHAVEZ, Xavier, N. , HAQUE, Mohammad, H. , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , LEWIS-AZAD, Chihye , NOVITSKI, David, Michael , CASTILLO-MARTINEZ, Elizabeth , CARRETERO-GONZALEZ, Javier , HAINES, Carter, Sebastian
发明人： BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , FANG, Shaoli , LIMA, Marcio, Dias , OVALLE-ROBLES, Raquel , LEPRO-CHAVEZ, Xavier, N. , HAQUE, Mohammad, H. , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , LEWIS-AZAD, Chihye , NOVITSKI, David, Michael , CASTILLO-MARTINEZ, Elizabeth , CARRETERO-GONZALEZ, Javier , HAINES, Carter, Sebastian
IPC分类号： H01L31/0264
CPC分类号： H01M4/04 , A61K9/7007 , A61L15/18 , A61L17/04 , A61L31/024 , A61L31/16 , A61L2300/108 , A61L2300/414 , A61L2300/418 , A61L2400/12 , B01J21/063 , B01J21/18 , B01J21/185 , B01J23/42 , B01J35/0006 , B01J35/004 , B01J35/06 , B01J37/0215 , B01J37/0238 , B05D3/12 , B05D5/00 , C23C14/04 , C23C14/58 , C23C16/04 , C23C16/56 , D01F9/12 , D02G3/16 , D10B2101/122 , H01B12/06 , H01G11/86 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/1391 , H01M4/1393 , H01M4/5825 , H01M4/587 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/00 , H01M10/0525 , Y02E60/122 , Y02E60/50 , Y10T428/2918 , Y10T428/2929
摘要： Fabrication of yarns or other shaped articles from materials in powder form (or nanoparticles or nanofibers) using carbon nanotube/nanofiber sheet as a platform (template). This includes methods for fabricating biscrolled yarns using carbon nanotube/nanofiber sheets and biscrolled fibers fabricated thereby.
摘要翻译：使用碳纳米管/纳米纤维片作为平台（模板）从粉末形式的材料（或纳米颗粒或纳米纤维）制造纱线或其他成形制品。这包括使用碳纳米管/纳米纤维片材制造双向卷线纱的方法和由此制造的双曲线纤维。

3. 发明申请

WO2010019942A2 NANOFIBER ACTUATORS AND STRAIN AMPLIFIERS 审中-公开
标题翻译： NANOFIBER执行器和应变放大器
公开(公告)号：WO2010019942A2
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：PCT/US2009/054017
申请日：2009-08-17
申请人： BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , ALIEV, Ali, E. , OH, Jiyoung , KOZLOV, Mikhail , FANG, Shaoli , OVALLE-ROBLES, Raquel , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A.
发明人： BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , ALIEV, Ali, E. , OH, Jiyoung , KOZLOV, Mikhail , FANG, Shaoli , OVALLE-ROBLES, Raquel , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A.
IPC分类号： H02N11/00
CPC分类号： H02N11/006 , H02N1/006
摘要： [00238] Nanofiber actuators and strain amplifiers having a material that generates a force or generates a displacement when directly or indirectly electrically driven. This material is an aerogel or a related low density or high density network comprising conducting fibers that are electrically interconnected and can substantially actuate without the required presence of either a liquid or solid electrolyte. Reversible or permanently frozen actuation is used to modify the properties of the actuator material for applications.
摘要翻译：具有在直接或间接电驱动时产生力或产生位移的材料的纳米纤维致动器和应变放大器。该材料是气凝胶或相关的低密度或高密度网络，其包括导电纤维，其电互连并且可以基本上致动而不需要液体或固体电解质的存在。使用可逆或永久冷冻致动来修改用于应用的致动器材料的特性。

4. 发明申请

WO2008002833A2 ADJUVANT-MEDIATED REACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF POLYMERIZABLE POLYACETYLENIC MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：可聚合聚乙烯材料的添加剂介导的反应活性增强
公开(公告)号：WO2008002833A2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-03
申请号：PCT/US2007/071868
申请日：2007-06-22
申请人： TEMPTIME CORPORATION , PRUSIK, Thaddeus , SMITH, Dawn , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H.
发明人： PRUSIK, Thaddeus , SMITH, Dawn , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H.
IPC分类号： C09D11/00
CPC分类号： C09D11/50
摘要： Indicator inks, indicators formed by printing or otherwise utilizing the inks and host products utilizing the indicators are disclosed. Reactivity-enhancing adjuvants stimulate enhanced thermal reactivity of diacetylenic or other indicator agents capable of responding to ambient thermal conditions with a visual change signaling an end point. The diacetylenic or other agents may be sensitive or relatively insensitive to ambient temperatures. Use of a reactivity-enhancing adjuvant provides a useful means for adapting the reactivities of indicator agents to the response characteristics of prospective host products, for example perishables such as vaccines or fresh fish and maturables such as fruit, cheese and wine. Some exemplary adjuvants include low- temperature polymerization initiators, for example methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and polymerization accelerators, for example cobalt compounds. Such initiators and accelerators can also be used in combination.
摘要翻译：公开了指示剂油墨，通过使用指示剂印刷或以其它方式利用油墨和主体产品形成的指示剂。反应性增强佐剂刺激能够响应于环境热条件的二乙炔或其他指示剂的增强的热反应性，其中以指示终点的视觉改变。二乙炔或其它试剂可能对环境温度敏感或相对不敏感。使用反应性增强佐剂提供了一种有用的方法，用于使指示剂的反应性适应于预期宿主产物的反应特性，例如易腐食物例如疫苗或鲜鱼以及可食用如水果，奶酪和葡萄酒。一些示例性的助剂包括低温聚合引发剂，例如甲基乙基酮过氧化物和聚合促进剂，例如钴化合物。这样的引发剂和促进剂也可以组合使用。

5. 发明申请

WO2007015710A2 THE FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF NANOFIBER RIBBONS AND SHEETS AND TWISTED AND NON-TWISTED NANOFIBER YARNS 审中-公开
标题翻译：纳米纤维和薄片和双向和非捻度纳米纤维纱线的制造和应用
公开(公告)号：WO2007015710A2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-08
申请号：PCT/US2005/041031
申请日：2005-11-09
申请人： BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS , ZHANG, Mei , FANG, Shaoli , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A. , ATKINSON, Kenneth, Ross , ALIEV, Ali, E. , LI, Sergey , WILLIAMS, Chris
发明人： ZHANG, Mei , FANG, Shaoli , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , ZAKHIDOV, Anvar, A. , ATKINSON, Kenneth, Ross , ALIEV, Ali, E. , LI, Sergey , WILLIAMS, Chris
IPC分类号： B29C47/04
CPC分类号： C01B32/158 , B01L3/502707 , B29C47/0059 , B32B5/02 , B32B5/12 , B32B18/00 , B32B37/12 , B32B2262/106 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2310/00 , B32B2313/04 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/154 , C01B32/16 , C01B32/164 , C01B32/168 , C01B32/17 , C01B32/18 , C01B32/36 , C01B2202/06 , C01B2202/08 , C04B35/62231 , C04B35/62272 , C04B35/62281 , C04B35/62855 , C04B35/62892 , C04B35/62897 , C04B35/80 , C04B2235/422 , C04B2235/5248 , C04B2235/526 , C04B2235/5264 , C04B2235/616 , C23C16/44 , C23C16/50 , D01F9/08 , D01F9/12 , D01F9/127 , D01F9/1273 , D01F9/1275 , D02G3/16 , D02G3/28 , D02G3/44 , D04H3/002 , D06B15/00 , D06M15/256 , D06M15/333 , D10B2101/122 , G01L1/2287 , G02F1/133308 , G02F2001/133334 , G02F2001/1515 , H01B1/24 , H01B5/08 , H01G11/36 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/444 , H01L51/5206 , H01L51/5234 , H01L51/5296 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/926 , H01M10/0565 , H05K9/0081 , Y02E10/549 , Y02E60/13 , Y02P70/521 , Y10S977/742 , Y10S977/745 , Y10S977/746 , Y10S977/752 , Y10S977/843 , Y10S977/844 , Y10S977/847 , Y10S977/848 , Y10S977/932 , Y10S977/948 , Y10S977/961 , Y10T428/30
摘要： The present invention is directed to nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets; to methods of making said yarns, ribbons, and sheets; and to applications of said yarns, ribbons, and sheets. In some embodiments, the nanotube yarns, ribbons, and sheets comprise carbon nanotubes. Particularly, such carbon nanotube yarns of the present invention provide unique properties and property combinations such as extreme toughness, resistance to failure at knots, high electrical and thermal conductivities, high absorption of energy that occurs reversibly, up to 13% strain-to-failure compared with the few percent strain-to-failure of other fibers with similar toughness, very high resistance to creep, retention of strength even when heated in air at 450°C for one hour, and very high radiation and UV resistance, even when irradiated in air. Furthermore these nanotube yarns can be spun as one micron diameter yarns and plied at will to make two-fold, four-fold, and higher fold yarns. Additional embodiments provide for the spinning of nanofiber sheets having arbitrarily large widths. In still additional embodiments, the present invention is directed to applications and devices that utilize and/or comprise the nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets of the present invention.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及纳米纤维纱线，丝带和片材; 制造所述纱线，丝带和片材的方法; 以及所述纱线，丝带和片材的应用。在一些实施方案中，纳米管纱线，带状物和片材包含碳纳米管。特别地，本发明的这种碳纳米管纱线提供独特的性能和性能组合，例如极韧性，耐击穿能力差，电导率和导热性高，可逆地发生高达13％的应变 - 失效的能量的高吸收与具有相似韧性的其他纤维的几个百分比应变破坏相比，非常高的抗蠕变性，即使在450℃下在空气中加热1小时也能保持强度，甚至在辐射和抗紫外线时具有非常高的辐射和抗紫外线性在空气中此外，这些纳米管纱线可以作为一微米直径的纱线纺丝并且随意地分层以制备两倍，四倍和更高的折叠纱线。另外的实施例提供了具有任意大宽度的纳米纤维片材的纺丝。在另外的实施例中，本发明涉及利用和/或包含本发明的纳米纤维纱线，带状物和片材的应用和装置。

6. 发明申请

WO2006137893A2 POLYMER-FREE CARBON NANOTUBE ASSEMBLIES (FIBERS, ROPES, RIBBONS, FILMS) 审中-公开
标题翻译：无聚碳纳米管组件（FIBERS，ROPES，RIBBONS，FILMS）
公开(公告)号：WO2006137893A2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-28
申请号：PCT/US2005035220
申请日：2005-09-30
申请人： UNIV TEXAS , BAUGHMAN RAY H , KOZLOV MIKHAIL , EBRON VON HOWARD , CAPPS RYAN , FERRARIS JOHN
发明人： BAUGHMAN RAY H , KOZLOV MIKHAIL , EBRON VON HOWARD , CAPPS RYAN , FERRARIS JOHN
IPC分类号： C01B31/02
CPC分类号： H01G9/058 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/174 , C01B2202/02 , C01B2202/26 , C01P2002/82 , C01P2002/88 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/13 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/40 , C09C1/44 , C09C1/48 , C09C1/56 , D01D5/06 , D01F9/12 , H01G11/36 , Y02E60/13 , Y10S977/842
摘要： Process, apparatus, compositions and application modes are provided that relate to nanofiber spinning without the use of superacids in the spinning solution. The methods employ either acids or bases for a floculation solution. The advances disclosed therein enable the use of nanofibers, including carbon nanotubes, for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, electronic textiles, and indevices for elecgrical energy harvesting.
摘要翻译：提供了涉及在纺丝溶液中不使用超强酸的纳米纤维纺丝的方法，装置，组合物和应用模式。该方法使用酸或碱作为絮凝溶液。其中公开的进步使得能够使用包括碳纳米管在内的纳米纤维用于各种应用，包括但不限于机电致动器，超级电容器，电子纺织品和用于电能收集的不便之处。

7. 发明申请

WO2009059035A1 CRYSTALLIZED DIACETYLENIC INDICATOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE COMPOUNDS 审中-公开
标题翻译：结晶二乙酸指示剂化合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：WO2009059035A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-07
申请号：PCT/US2008/081835
申请日：2008-10-30
申请人： TEMPTIME CORPORATION , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , HALL, Lee, J. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , SMITH, Dawn, E. , PRUSIK, Thaddeus
发明人： BAUGHMAN, Ray, H. , HALL, Lee, J. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , SMITH, Dawn, E. , PRUSIK, Thaddeus
IPC分类号： C07C7/14
CPC分类号： G01K11/12 , C07C273/02 , C07C275/20 , C09B69/10 , G01K3/04 , G01N21/78 , G01N31/22 , G01N31/229
摘要： Crystallized diacetylenic compounds having certain crystallographic and other characteristics; diacetylenic compounds and mixtures crystallized from diacetylenic solutions; methods of preparing and identifying solvent systems for dissolving diacetylenic compounds; diacetylenic solutions; methods of recrystallizing diacetylenic compounds; crystals of 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6- bis(alkylurea) compounds; and ambient condition indicators and time-temperature condition indicators comprising crystallized diacetylenic compounds.
摘要翻译：具有某些晶体学特性的结晶二炔化合物; 二乙炔化合物和从二乙炔溶液中结晶的混合物; 制备和鉴定溶解二乙炔化合物的溶剂体系的方法; 二乙酰溶液; 二乙炔化合物重结晶方法; 2,4-己二炔-1,6-双（烷基脲）化合物的晶体; 环境条件指标和包含结晶二乙炔化合物的时间 - 温度条件指标。

8. 发明申请

WO2006137893A3 POLYMER-FREE CARBON NANOTUBE ASSEMBLIES (FIBERS, ROPES, RIBBONS, FILMS) 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2006137893A3
公开(公告)日：2006-12-28
申请号：PCT/US2005/035220
申请日：2005-09-30
申请人： BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM , BAUGHMAN, Ray H. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , EBRON, Von Howard , CAPPS, Ryan , FERRARIS, John
发明人： BAUGHMAN, Ray H. , KOZLOV, Mikhail , EBRON, Von Howard , CAPPS, Ryan , FERRARIS, John
IPC分类号： B01F9/12
摘要： Process, apparatus, compositions and application modes are provided that relate to nanofiber spinning without the use of superacids in the spinning solution. The methods employ either acids or bases for a floculation solution. The advances disclosed therein enable the use of nanofibers, including carbon nanotubes, for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, electronic textiles, and indevices for elecgrical energy harvesting.

9. 发明申请

WO2008002833A3 ADJUVANT-MEDIATED REACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF POLYMERIZABLE POLYACETYLENIC MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：可聚合聚乙烯材料的添加剂介导的反应活性增强
公开(公告)号：WO2008002833A3
公开(公告)日：2009-01-22
申请号：PCT/US2007071868
申请日：2007-06-22
申请人： TEMPTIME CORP , PRUSIK THADDEUS , SMITH DAWN , BAUGHMAN RAY H
发明人： PRUSIK THADDEUS , SMITH DAWN , BAUGHMAN RAY H
IPC分类号： C09D11/00
CPC分类号： C09D11/50
摘要： Indicator inks, indicators formed by printing or otherwise utilizing the inks and host products utilizing the indicators are disclosed. Reactivity-enhancing adjuvants stimulate enhanced thermal reactivity of diacetylenic or other indicator agents capable of responding to ambient thermal conditions with a visual change signaling an end point. The diacetylenic or other agents may be sensitive or relatively insensitive to ambient temperatures. Use of a reactivity-enhancing adjuvant provides a useful means for adapting the reactivities of indicator agents to the response characteristics of prospective host products, for example perishables such as vaccines or fresh fish and maturables such as fruit, cheese and wine. Some exemplary adjuvants include low- temperature polymerization initiators, for example methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and polymerization accelerators, for example cobalt compounds. Such initiators and accelerators can also be used in combination.
摘要翻译：公开了指示剂油墨，通过使用指示剂印刷或以其它方式利用油墨和主体产品形成的指示剂。反应性增强佐剂刺激能够响应于环境热条件的二乙炔或其他指示剂的增强的热反应性，其中以指示终点的视觉改变。二乙炔或其它试剂可能对环境温度敏感或相对不敏感。使用反应性增强佐剂提供了一种有用的方法，用于使指示剂的反应性适应于预期宿主产物的反应特性，例如易腐食物例如疫苗或鲜鱼以及可食用如水果，奶酪和葡萄酒。一些示例性的助剂包括低温聚合引发剂，例如甲基乙基酮过氧化物和聚合促进剂，例如钴化合物。这样的引发剂和促进剂也可以组合使用。

10. 发明申请

WO2008144348A1 FREEZE INDICATORS, FLEXIBLE FREEZE INDICATORS AND MANUFACTURING METHODS 审中-公开
标题翻译：冷冻指示器，灵活冻结指示器和制造方法
公开(公告)号：WO2008144348A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-27
申请号：PCT/US2008/063629
申请日：2008-05-15
申请人： TEMPTIME CORPORATION , TAYLOR, Dene, H. , PRUSIK, Thaddeus , SMITH, Dawn, E. , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H.
发明人： TAYLOR, Dene, H. , PRUSIK, Thaddeus , SMITH, Dawn, E. , BAUGHMAN, Ray, H.
IPC分类号： G01K3/00
CPC分类号： G01K3/005 , G01K3/04 , G01K11/06 , Y10S252/962
摘要： Freeze indicators providing a visual indication of exposure of the freeze indicator to a freezing or near-freezing temperature and their manufacture are disclosed. The freeze indicators employ colloidal dispersions as active elements and include flexible freeze indicators, freeze indicators protected against drying out and freeze indicators employing core shell composites, for example gold coated pigments as active indicator elements. Also disclosed are: a combination freeze indicator and threshold temperature indicator; a combination threshold indicator and cumulative temperature indicator; and three-way combination indicators that can provide indications of cumulative past temperature exposure, exposure to freezing temperatures and exposure to a temperature above a threshold.
摘要翻译：公开了冻结指示器，其提供了将冷冻指示剂暴露于冷冻或接近冻结温度的视觉指示及其制造。冻结指示剂使用胶体分散体作为活性元素，并且包括柔性冻结指示剂，防止干燥的冷冻指示剂和使用核壳复合材料的冷冻指示剂，例如作为活性指示剂元素的金涂层颜料。还公开了：组合冻结指示器和阈值温度指示器; 组合阈值指标和累积温度指标; 和三路组合指示器，可以提供累积过去的温度暴露，暴露于冷冻温度和暴露于高于阈值的温度的指示。

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