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1. 发明专利

JP2004124489A Underground structure and its construction method 有权
标题翻译：地下结构及其施工方法
公开(公告)号：JP2004124489A
公开(公告)日：2004-04-22
申请号：JP2002289610
申请日：2002-10-02
申请人： Kajima Corp , Komatsu Im Engineering Kk , Komatsu Ltd , Tekken Constr Co Ltd , コマツアイエムエンジニアリング株式会社 , 株式会社小松製作所 , 鉄建建設株式会社 , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： YOSHIKAWA TADASHI , SASAKI YUKINOBU , DOI SHIGETAKA , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , MORIOKA YOSHIRO , MIYAJIMA SUMIO , ABE TAKASHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/04 , E21D9/00 , E21D9/01
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underground structure and its construction method attaining reduction in construction cost, labor saving in construction and the shortening of a construction period. SOLUTION: This underground structure comprises juxtaposed shield holes 1, 1 and widened parts 2, 2 formed in and on the facing side. Steel shell segments 1a are installed at the natural ground of the shield holes 1, 1, and jacking pipes 3, 4 are installed on the upper side and lower side between the shield holes 1, 1 to be closed in an approximately elliptic cross section so that external forces applied to the steel shell segments 1a and jacking pipes 3, 4 are resisted mainly by axial forces. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种降低施工成本，节省施工工期和缩短施工期的地下结构及其施工方法。解决方案：该地下结构包括形成在相对侧中和相对侧上的并置的屏蔽孔1,1和加宽部分2,2。钢壳段1a安装在屏蔽孔1,1的自然地面，并且顶盖管3,4安装在屏蔽孔1,1之间的上侧和下侧，以大致椭圆形截面被封闭，因此施加到钢壳段1a和顶压管3,4的外力主要由轴向力抵抗。版权所有（C）2004，JPO

2. 发明专利

JP2005030148A Shell structure of underground structure 有权
标题翻译：地下结构壳体结构
公开(公告)号：JP2005030148A
公开(公告)日：2005-02-03
申请号：JP2003272952
申请日：2003-07-10
申请人： Kajima Corp , Komatsu Im Engineering Kk , Komatsu Ltd , Tekken Constr Co Ltd , コマツアイエムエンジニアリング株式会社 , 株式会社小松製作所 , 鉄建建設株式会社 , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： YOSHIKAWA TADASHI , NISHIJIMA TORU , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , HAYASHI NOBORU , SASAKI YUKINOBU , NAGAOKA TAKASHI , KASUYA TARO , KODAIRA SADATADA , YAMAMOTO YOSHIHISA , TAKEUCHI TAKU , SAITO HIROSHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/04 , E21D9/06
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shell structure of an underground structure, by leaving pipe-jacking pipes installed in the underground by a jacking method in the ground after they are utilized as a temporary material for soil retaining work and utilizing them as the structural body of the structure.
SOLUTION: A main tunnel 1 as the underground structure is formed in a generally elliptic shape in cross section. The shell 2 of the main tunnel is formed of a primary structure 3 and a secondary structure 4 constructed inside the primary structure 3 which are formed integrally with each other. The primary structure 3 is constructed in the elliptic shape while the plurality of pipe-jacking pipes 5 are rigidly connected to each other in the circumferential direction of the main tunnel 1 so as to be installed at specified intervals in the axial direction of the main tunnel 1 in multiple rows. The secondary structure 4 is constructed by an SRC structure in which wide-flange shape-steels 4a are used as steel frame materials.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了提供地下结构的外壳结构，将它们作为土壤保留工作的临时材料并利用它们之后，将顶管安装在地下的顶管插入地下作为结构体的结构体。解决方案：作为地下结构的主隧道1的横截面形成为大致椭圆形。主隧道的外壳2由一体结构3和二次结构4形成，该主结构3和二级结构4构造在一体结构3的内部，它们彼此一体地形成。主结构体3构造成椭圆形，同时多个顶管5在主隧道1的圆周方向上彼此刚性地连接，从而沿主隧道的轴向以规定的间隔安装 1行多行。二次结构4由SRC结构构成，其中宽法兰形状的钢4a用作钢框架材料。版权所有（C）2005，JPO＆NCIPI

3. 发明专利

JP2013256843A Sediment sampling device and sediment sampling method 有权
标题翻译： SEDIMENT采样器和采样方法
公开(公告)号：JP2013256843A
公开(公告)日：2013-12-26
申请号：JP2012134910
申请日：2012-06-14
申请人： Kajima Corp , 鹿島建設株式会社 , Toa Tone Boring:Kk , 株式会社東亜利根ボーリング , Asahi Boring Corp , 旭ボーリング株式会社
发明人： TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , OSHIMA HIROSHI , KUSHIDA SHINJI , YOSHIZAKO KAZUO , KAWABATA JUNICHI , NAGATSU KOUTAROU , KAMIO MASAHIRO , IWAKUBO MASATO , IUCHI KATSUNORI , NAKAZAWA KOSUKE , KIKUCHI NORIAKI
IPC分类号： E21D9/06 , G01N1/08
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To grasp the properties of the natural ground in front of a shield machine.SOLUTION: First and second through-holes 14, 15 are formed in a cutter face plate 4 and a shield partition wall 5 of a shield machine 1, respectively. A sediment sampling device 20 includes a mouth device 30, a horizontal boring device 50 for making a boring pipe 40 rotate and advance, an air swivel 60, and a sediment recovery system 70. The boring pipe 40 is a double-pipe and has a first flow path (a space between an outer pipe and an inner pipe) and a second flow path (a space in the inner pipe). The boring pipe 40 is inserted through the mouth device 30 and the first and second through-holes 14, 15 and the tip part of the boring pipe 40 is made to protrude from the cutter face plate 4 into the natural ground in front of it, while the rotation of the cutter face plate 4 is stopped. In this state, a liquid is supplied into the first flow path and the liquid is discharged from the tip part of the boring pipe 40. Thereby, excavated sediment in the vicinity of the tip part of the boring pipe 40 is allowed to flow to the second flow path and is recovered by a sediment recovery system 70.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：掌握屏蔽机前面的自然地面的性质。解决方案：第一和第二通孔14,15形成在屏蔽机1的切割面板4和屏蔽分隔壁5中，分别。沉淀物取样装置20包括口装置30，用于使镗管40旋转并前进的水平镗孔装置50，空气回转件60和沉淀物回收系统70.镗管40是双管，并且具有第一流路（外管和内管之间的空间）和第二流路（内管的空间）。钻孔40通过口装置30插入，第一和第二通孔14,15和镗管40的顶端部分从刀面板4突出到其前面的自然地面中，同时切割面板4的旋转停止。在这种状态下，向第一流路供给液体，从镗孔40的前端排出液体。由此，允许在镗孔40的顶端部附近的挖掘的沉积物流向第二流路并由沉淀物回收系统70回收。

4. 发明专利

JP2013256842A Boring condition setting method and control method of shield machine 有权
标题翻译：镗孔条件设定方法及其控制方法
公开(公告)号：JP2013256842A
公开(公告)日：2013-12-26
申请号：JP2012134864
申请日：2012-06-14
申请人： Kajima Corp , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , OSHIMA HIROSHI , YOSHIZAKO KAZUO , SAKANE HIDEYUKI , KAMIO MASAHIRO , KUMABE TAKEHIKO , IGARASHI HIROMASA , SATO TATSURO
IPC分类号： E21D9/06 , E21D9/13 , G01N1/08
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve construction efficiency by concretely recognizing characteristics of the natural ground in front of a shield machine and reflecting them to construction conditions of a tunnel construction.SOLUTION: When setting boring conditions of a shield machine, boring by the shield machine is stopped in step S1. Sampling of sediment of the natural ground in front of the shield machine is performed by using a sediment sampling device in step S2. Properties (particle size distribution characteristics or water permeable characteristics) of the sampled sediment and a division thereof are determined in step S3. Setting of the boring conditions of the shield machine is performed on the basis of the properties and the division of the sediment determined in step S4 in step S4. Concretely, kind, property, and injection ratio of a mud-added material injected into a cutter chamber when boring by the shield machine, an earth pressure in the cutter chamber when boring by the shield machine, and a boring advancing speed of the shield machine are set as the boring conditions.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：通过具体识别盾构机前面的自然地面的特性，并将其反映到隧道施工的施工条件，提高施工效率。解决方案：设置屏蔽机的镗孔条件时，屏蔽机镗孔在步骤S1中停止。通过在步骤S2中使用沉淀物取样装置对屏蔽机前面的天然地面的沉积物进行采样。在步骤S3中确定取样沉淀物的性质（粒度分布特性或透水特性）及其分离。基于在步骤S4中的步骤S4中确定的沉积物的性质和划分来执行屏蔽机器的钻孔条件的设定。具体来说，通过屏蔽机进行镗孔时注入到切割机室中的泥浆添加物质的种类，性质和喷射比例，盾构机镗孔时切割室内的土压力以及屏蔽机的镗孔进给速度被设定为无聊的条件。

5. 发明专利

JP2011241661A Lining segment for tunnel 有权
标题翻译：隧道用线段
公开(公告)号：JP2011241661A
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：JP2010117469
申请日：2010-05-21
申请人： C I Kasei Co Ltd , Geostr Corp , Kajima Corp , シーアイ化成株式会社 , ジオスター株式会社 , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： MASUDA YUICHI , MIYANO MASATO , MASHITA MASATO , KISHIMOTO OSAMU , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , TADA YUKIO , TSURUTA KOICHI , KANAMARU TARO , FURUICHI KOSUKE , SAKUMA YASUSHI , AKIMOTO HIROO , IWATA KAZUMI , OKUYAMA ATSUSHI
IPC分类号： E21D11/08 , B28B1/16 , B28B7/10 , B28B23/00 , E21D11/04
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase a service life, enhance flowing performances, reduce a segment manufacturing cost and a tunnel construction cost, and make appearance good.SOLUTION: A lining segment for tunnel 100 comprises a segment body 11 and a cover sheet 23. The cover sheet 23 includes a resin sheet base material 13 and a nonwoven fabric 17 with a thickness of 0.3 to 1.0 mm and a density of 80 to 160 laminated on a back face 15 of the material 13. The nonwoven fabric 17 is embedded in concrete 19 at the time of concrete placing of the segment body 11, whereby the cover sheet 23 covers an inner peripheral surface 21 of the segment body 11. The lining segment 100 preferably includes a connection box 33 and a flap part 39. The connection box 33 has an opening 27 that is in the inner peripheral surface 21 of the segment body 11 to be embedded in the segment body 11. One side surface 29 of the connection box 33 is disposed on a connection surface 31 of the segment body 11. The flap part 39 makes the opening 27 openable or closable by a cutout part that is formed at the position of the opening 27 of the connection box 33 and cut in from the edge of the cover sheet 23.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提高使用寿命，提高流动性能，降低段生产成本和隧道施工成本，使外观美观。解决方案：用于隧道100的衬里段包括段体11和覆盖层23.覆盖层23包括树脂片材基材13和厚度为0.3至1.0mm的无纺布17，密度为 80至160层压在材料13的背面15上。在分段体11的混凝土放置时，无纺布17嵌入混凝土19中，由此覆盖片23覆盖分段体的内周面21 衬里区段100优选地包括连接箱33和翼片部分39.连接箱33具有开口27，该开口27位于段主体11的内周面21中，以嵌入在段主体11中。一侧连接箱33的表面29设置在节段主体11的连接表面31上。挡板部分39使得开口27能够通过形成在连接箱33的开口27的位置处的切口部分打开或关闭并从边缘切入封面23。版权所有（C）2012，JPO＆INPIT

6. 发明专利

JP2011214397A Excavation method 有权
标题翻译：挖掘方法
公开(公告)号：JP2011214397A
公开(公告)日：2011-10-27
申请号：JP2011168081
申请日：2011-08-01
申请人： Kajima Corp , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： ISHIMARU YUTAKA , NAGAMORI KUNIHIRO , SASAKI TETSUYA , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , YOSHIKAWA TADASHI , SAKAGUCHI TAKUSHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/04
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavation method capable of excavating an underground space economically in a short construction period even when the construction length of a rectangular roof is limited.SOLUTION: An excavating mechanism 2 including a main section excavator 15 which has a projection 47 at the latter half of the body, a propulsion jack 33 installed at the rear of the main section excavator 15, a rectangular roof excavator 13 installed in front of the projection 47, and the like, is installed in a vertical shaft 1, and a cover plate 25 is attached to near the rear end 23 of the rectangular roof excavator 13. Next, while advancing the rectangular roof excavator 13 for boring independently of the main section excavator 15 using a propulsion jack 21 for a rectangular roof installed inside the projection 47, the rectangular roof 27 is installed at the rear of the rectangular roof excavator 13. While advancing the main section excavator 15 using the propulsion jack 13 for boring, the rectangular roof 27 inside the projection 47 is recovered and dismounted, and a steel shell 37 is installed between the main section excavator 15 and the propulsion jack 33.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种能够在短的施工期间经济地挖掘地下空间的挖掘方法，即使在矩形屋顶的施工长度受到限制的情况下也是如此。解决方案：挖掘机构2，其包括主段挖掘机15，其具有突出部在主体后半部分安装有推进千斤顶33，安装在突出部47的前方的矩形屋顶挖掘机13安装在主轴1的后方，并且，在矩形屋顶挖掘机13的后端23的附近，安装有盖板25.接下来，在使用安装在突起内的矩形屋顶的推进千斤顶21的状态下，使主体部挖掘机15独立地进行镗孔的矩形屋顶挖掘机13 如图47所示，矩形屋顶27安装在矩形屋顶挖掘机13的后部。在使用推进插座13推进主部分挖掘机15的同时，镗孔，突起47内的矩形屋顶27被回收和拆卸，并且钢壳37安装在主部分挖掘机15和推进吊顶33之间。

7. 发明专利

JP2007247212A Tunnel boring machine 有权
标题翻译：隧道镗床
公开(公告)号：JP2007247212A
公开(公告)日：2007-09-27
申请号：JP2006070366
申请日：2006-03-15
申请人： Kajima Corp , Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd , Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Tunneling Machinery & Geotechnology Co Ltd , 三菱重工地中建機株式会社 , 川崎重工業株式会社 , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： AZUMA TAKASHI , SUGIYAMA MASAHIKO , FURUI MICHIO , NAGAMORI KUNIHIRO , SHIRAI SHUNSUKE , KAMIO MASAHIRO , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , IGARASHI HIROMASA , UCHIDA HIROSHIGE , IWATA HIROKICHI , SAKAI YOSHIO
IPC分类号： E21D11/00 , E21D9/06
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel boring machine which is equipped with a tail sealing device enabling the sure performance of high-water-pressure cut-off operations and safe boring. SOLUTION: A slurry type shield machine is equipped with the tail sealing device 26 which is mounted in the rear of the fixed outer shell 2 and movable outer shell 3 of a shield machine body 1, so as to seal a section between itself and the outer surface of an existing segment S. The tail sealing device comprises: first strip-shaped tail sealing brushes 33a-33e which are installed over a plurality of longitudinal steps on the inner surface of the fixed outer shell; second strip-shaped tail sealing brushes 34a-34e which are installed over a plurality of longitudinal steps on the inner surface of the movable outer shell, so as to apply sealing in such a manner that their ends adjoin or overlap ends of the first tail sealing brushes, during ordinary boring; a widening steel shell 40 which applies sealing by expanding first and second tube seals 45 and 46 in place of the first and second tail sealing brushes during widening; and widening-section tail sealing brushes 54a-54c which applies sealing by filling a gap between the first and second tail sealing brushes in place of the widening steel shell during widening boring. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种隧道掘进机，其配备有能够确保高水压切断操作和安全钻孔的可靠性的尾部密封装置。
解决方案：浆液式屏蔽机器配备有尾部密封装置26，尾部密封装置26安装在屏蔽机体1的固定外壳2和可移动外壳3的后部，以便密封其自身之间的部分和现有节段S的外表面。尾部密封装置包括：第一带状尾部密封刷33a-33e，其安装在固定外壳的内表面上的多个纵向台阶上; 第二带状尾部密封刷34a-34e，其安装在可移动外壳的内表面上的多个纵向台阶上，以便以这样的方式施加密封，使得它们的端部邻接或重叠第一尾部密封件的端部普通无聊时刷子; 加宽钢壳40，其通过在加宽期间扩大第一和第二管密封件45和46而不是第一和第二尾部密封刷来施加密封; 以及加宽型尾部密封刷54a-54c，其通过在加宽钻孔期间填充第一和第二尾部密封刷之间的间隙来代替加宽的钢壳来施加密封。版权所有（C）2007，JPO＆INPIT

8. 发明专利

JP2013019266A Segment for tunnel 有权
标题翻译：隧道分段
公开(公告)号：JP2013019266A
公开(公告)日：2013-01-31
申请号：JP2012241984
申请日：2012-11-01
申请人： Kajima Corp , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： FURUICHI KOSUKE , ARAI TAKAHIRO , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , SUZUKI YOSHINOBU
IPC分类号： E21D11/00 , E21D11/04
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a segment for a tunnel capable of preventing a cover member from being unfixed or dropped from a gripping hole or a grout injection hole when great vibration works on the segment for the tunnel.SOLUTION: In the grout injection hole formed in the segment for the tunnel, a grout injection port 12 is provided at the inner face side of the tunnel. After completing grout injection, a cover member 20 is mounted in the grout injection port 12. The grout injection port 12 is formed with a female screw part 13, and the cover member 20 is provided with a male screw part 21 to be screwed into the female screw part 13. On the top of a thread 23 of the male screw part 21, a resin layer 24 is formed as a vibration absorbing member.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了在隧道的段上产生大的振动时，提供一种能够防止盖构件从夹紧孔或灌浆注入孔未固定或落下的隧道的段。解决方案：在形成在隧道段中的灌浆注入孔中，在隧道的内表面侧设置有注浆口12。完成注浆后，将盖件20安装在灌浆注入口12中。浆料注入口12形成有内螺纹部分13，盖件20设有一个外螺纹部分21，内螺纹部分13.在阳螺纹部分21的螺纹23的顶部上，形成树脂层24作为吸振构件。版权所有（C）2013，JPO＆INPIT

9. 发明专利

JP2011214396A Excavating mechanism 有权
标题翻译：挖掘机械
公开(公告)号：JP2011214396A
公开(公告)日：2011-10-27
申请号：JP2011168058
申请日：2011-08-01
申请人： Kajima Corp , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： ISHIMARU YUTAKA , NAGAMORI KUNIHIRO , SASAKI TETSUYA , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , YOSHIKAWA TADASHI , SAKAGUCHI TAKUSHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/06
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavating mechanism capable of excavating an underground space economically in a short construction period even when the construction length of a rectangular roof is limited.SOLUTION: This excavating mechanism 2 including a main section excavator 15 which has a projection 47 at the latter half of the body, a propulsion jack 33 installed at the rear of the main section excavator 15, a rectangular roof excavator 13 installed in front of the projection 47, and the like, is installed in a vertical shaft 1, and a cover plate 25 is attached to near the rear end 23 of the rectangular roof excavator 13. Next, while advancing the rectangular roof excavator 13 for boring independently of the main section excavator 15 using a propulsion jack 21 for a rectangular roof installed inside the projection 47, the rectangular roof 27 is installed at the rear of the rectangular roof excavator 13. While advancing the main section excavator 15 using the propulsion jack 13 for boring, the rectangular roof 27 inside the projection 47 is recovered and dismounted, and a steel shell 37 is installed between the main section excavator 15 and the propulsion jack 33.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种能够在短的施工期间经济地挖掘地下空间的挖掘机构，即使在矩形屋顶的施工长度受到限制的情况下也是如此。解决方案：该挖掘机构2包括主挖掘机15，其具有突出部在主体后半部分安装有推进千斤顶33，安装在突出部47的前方的矩形屋顶挖掘机13安装在主轴1的后方，并且，在矩形屋顶挖掘机13的后端23的附近，安装有盖板25.接下来，在使用安装在突起内的矩形屋顶的推进千斤顶21的状态下，使主体部挖掘机15独立地进行镗孔的矩形屋顶挖掘机13 如图47所示，矩形屋顶27安装在矩形屋顶挖掘机13的后部。在使用推进千斤顶1推进主部分挖掘机15的同时，如图3所示，为了镗孔，突起47内的矩形屋顶27被回收和拆卸，钢壳37安装在主部分挖掘机15和推进吊顶33之间。

10. 发明专利

JP2009174858A Deterioration evaluating method of cover material layer 有权
标题翻译：覆盖材料层的测定评估方法
公开(公告)号：JP2009174858A
公开(公告)日：2009-08-06
申请号：JP2008010569
申请日：2008-01-21
申请人： Horyo Sangyo Kk , Kajima Corp , Towa Taika Kogyo Kk , 宝菱産業株式会社 , 東和耐火工業株式会社 , 鹿島建設株式会社
发明人： FURUICHI KOSUKE , TAKIMOTO KUNIHIKO , MORIGUCHI TOSHIMI , TANAKA TSUTOMU , MACHIYA SATOSHI , SEKINO KAZUO , UCHIYAMA SUSUMU , OKUDA MITSUHITO
IPC分类号： G01N17/00 , E21D11/38 , G01N3/00
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a deterioration evaluating method of a cover material layer capable of clearly judging the deterioration degree of a refractory cover material layer or the like applied to the inner wall surface or the like of a tunnel and capable of simply judging the deterioration degree in a short time on the spot using a relatively simple measuring jig.
SOLUTION: A lower hole 10 is bored in the refractory cover material layer 2 up to predetermined depth from the surface thereof by a drill or the like and the male screw 11a of a hanging hook 11 is screwed in the lower hole 10 while the hook 13 of a draw load meter 12 is connected to the hook 11b of the hanging hook 11 to be drawn to measure a draw load, that is, the draw strength of the refractory cover material layer 2. The relation between the draw strength and the deterioration degree having a large difference corresponding to the deterioration degree of the refractory cover material layer 2 as compared with compression strength is preliminarily calculated by an experiment or the like and the measured value of the draw load meter 12 is compared and collated with the deterioration degree to judge the deterioration degree of the refractory cover material layer 2. In the disaster caused by the small-scaled fire in the tunnel or the like, the relation between the temperature of the fire and draw strength is used to judge the temperature of the fire.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：解决的问题：为了提供能够清楚地判断施加到隧道的内壁面等的耐火材料层等的劣化程度的覆盖层的劣化评价方法，能够使用相对简单的测量夹具简单地在现场使用短时间内的劣化程度。解决方案：下端孔10在耐火覆盖材料层2中通过钻头等从其表面到达预定深度钻孔，并且挂钩11的外螺纹11a被拧在下孔10中，同时牵引负载表12的钩13连接到挂钩11的钩11b以被拉伸以测量拉伸载荷，即耐火材料层材料层2的拉伸强度。拉伸强度与通过实验等预先计算与耐火材料层2的耐压覆盖材料层2的劣化度对应的大的差异的劣化程度，并将拉伸载荷计12的测定值与劣化对照判断耐火材料层2的劣化度的程度。在隧道等小规模火灾引起的灾害中，f ire和拉力是用来判断火的温度。版权所有（C）2009，JPO＆INPIT

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