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1. 发明授权

US08924763B2 Synchronizing compute node time bases in a parallel computer 有权
标题翻译：在并行计算机中同步计算节点时基
公开(公告)号：US08924763B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-30
申请号：US13327107
申请日：2011-12-15
申请人： Dong Chen , Daniel A. Faraj , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger
发明人： Dong Chen , Daniel A. Faraj , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger
IPC分类号： G06F1/12
CPC分类号： G06F1/12 , H04L12/413
摘要： Synchronizing time bases in a parallel computer that includes compute nodes organized for data communications in a tree network, where one compute node is designated as a root, and, for each compute node: calculating data transmission latency from the root to the compute node; configuring a thread as a pulse waiter; initializing a wakeup unit; and performing a local barrier operation; upon each node completing the local barrier operation, entering, by all compute nodes, a global barrier operation; upon all nodes entering the global barrier operation, sending, to all the compute nodes, a pulse signal; and for each compute node upon receiving the pulse signal: waking, by the wakeup unit, the pulse waiter; setting a time base for the compute node equal to the data transmission latency between the root node and the compute node; and exiting the global barrier operation.
摘要翻译：在并行计算机中同步时基，其包括为树网络中的数据通信而组织的计算节点，其中一个计算节点被指定为根，并且对于每个计算节点，计算从根到计算节点的数据传输等待时间; 将线程配置为脉冲服务员; 初始化唤醒单元; 并执行局部屏障操作; 在每个节点完成局部屏障操作时，由所有计算节点进入全局屏障操作; 在所有节点进入全局屏障操作之后，向所有计算节点发送脉冲信号; 并且对于每个计算节点在接收到脉冲信号时：由唤醒单元唤醒脉冲服务员; 为计算节点设置等于根节点和计算节点之间的数据传输延迟的时基; 并退出全球屏障操作。

2. 发明申请

US20130159760A1 Synchronizing Compute Node Time Bases In A Parallel Computer 有权
标题翻译：在并行计算机中同步计算节点时基
公开(公告)号：US20130159760A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-20
申请号：US13327107
申请日：2011-12-15
申请人： Dong Chen , Daniel A. Faraj , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger
发明人： Dong Chen , Daniel A. Faraj , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger
IPC分类号： G06F1/12
CPC分类号： G06F1/12 , H04L12/413
摘要： Synchronizing time bases in a parallel computer that includes compute nodes organized for data communications in a tree network, where one compute node is designated as a root, and, for each compute node: calculating data transmission latency from the root to the compute node; configuring a thread as a pulse waiter; initializing a wakeup unit; and performing a local barrier operation; upon each node completing the local barrier operation, entering, by all compute nodes, a global barrier operation; upon all nodes entering the global barrier operation, sending, to all the compute nodes, a pulse signal; and for each compute node upon receiving the pulse signal: waking, by the wakeup unit, the pulse waiter; setting a time base for the compute node equal to the data transmission latency between the root node and the compute node; and exiting the global barrier operation.
摘要翻译：在并行计算机中同步时基，其包括为树网络中的数据通信而组织的计算节点，其中一个计算节点被指定为根，并且对于每个计算节点，计算从根到计算节点的数据传输等待时间; 将线程配置为脉冲服务员; 初始化唤醒单元; 并执行局部屏障操作; 在每个节点完成局部屏障操作时，由所有计算节点进入全局屏障操作; 在所有节点进入全局屏障操作之后，向所有计算节点发送脉冲信号; 并且对于每个计算节点在接收到脉冲信号时：由唤醒单元唤醒脉冲服务员; 为计算节点设置等于根节点和计算节点之间的数据传输延迟的时基; 并退出全球屏障操作。

3. 发明申请

US20130212253A1 Calculating A Checksum With Inactive Networking Components In A Computing System 有权
标题翻译：在计算系统中使用非活动网络组件计算校验和
公开(公告)号：US20130212253A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-15
申请号：US13370059
申请日：2012-02-09
申请人： Michael E. Aho , Dong Chen , Noel A. Eisley , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Andrew T. Tauferner
发明人： Michael E. Aho , Dong Chen , Noel A. Eisley , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Andrew T. Tauferner
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L43/04 , H04L1/00 , H04L1/0061
摘要： Calculating a checksum utilizing inactive networking components in a computing system, including: identifying, by a checksum distribution manager, an inactive networking component, wherein the inactive networking component includes a checksum calculation engine for computing a checksum; sending, to the inactive networking component by the checksum distribution manager, metadata describing a block of data to be transmitted by an active networking component; calculating, by the inactive networking component, a checksum for the block of data; transmitting, to the checksum distribution manager from the inactive networking component, the checksum for the block of data; and sending, by the active networking component, a data communications message that includes the block of data and the checksum for the block of data.
摘要翻译：使用计算系统中的非活动网络组件来计算校验和，包括：由校验和分发管理器识别非活动网络组件，其中所述非活动网络组件包括用于计算校验和的校验和计算引擎; 由校验和分发管理器向不活动网络组件发送描述要由主动网络组件发送的数据块的元数据; 由非活动网络组件计算数据块的校验和; 从非活动网络组件向校验和分发管理器发送数据块的校验和; 以及由所述主动网络组件发送包括所述数据块和所述数据块的校验和的数据通信消息。

4. 发明申请

US20110119521A1 REPRODUCIBILITY IN A MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEM 有权
标题翻译：多处理器系统中的可重复性
公开(公告)号：US20110119521A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-19
申请号：US12774475
申请日：2010-05-05
申请人： Ralph A. Bellofatto , Dong Chen , Paul W. Coteus , Noel A. Eisley , Alan Gara , Thomas M. Gooding , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Thomas A. Liebsch , Martin Ohmacht , Don D. Reed , Robert M. Senger , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , Yutaka Sugawara
发明人： Ralph A. Bellofatto , Dong Chen , Paul W. Coteus , Noel A. Eisley , Alan Gara , Thomas M. Gooding , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Thomas A. Liebsch , Martin Ohmacht , Don D. Reed , Robert M. Senger , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , Yutaka Sugawara
IPC分类号： G06F1/04
CPC分类号： G06F1/10 , G06F11/2242
摘要： Fixing a problem is usually greatly aided if the problem is reproducible. To ensure reproducibility of a multiprocessor system, the following aspects are proposed: a deterministic system start state, a single system clock, phase alignment of clocks in the system, system-wide synchronization events, reproducible execution of system components, deterministic chip interfaces, zero-impact communication with the system, precise stop of the system and a scan of the system state.
摘要翻译：如果问题是可重现的，通常会大大帮助解决问题。为了确保多处理器系统的可重复性，提出了以下方面：确定性系统启动状态，单个系统时钟，系统中的时钟相位对齐，全系统同步事件，系统组件的可重复执行，确定性芯片接口，零 - 与系统进行通信，精确地停止系统并扫描系统状态。

5. 发明授权

US08914498B2 Calculating a checksum with inactive networking components in a computing system 有权
标题翻译：使用计算系统中的非活动网络组件计算校验和
公开(公告)号：US08914498B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-16
申请号：US13370059
申请日：2012-02-09
申请人： Michael E. Aho , Dong Chen , Noel A. Eisley , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Andrew T. Tauferner
发明人： Michael E. Aho , Dong Chen , Noel A. Eisley , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Andrew T. Tauferner
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L43/04 , H04L1/00 , H04L1/0061
摘要： Calculating a checksum utilizing inactive networking components in a computing system, including: identifying, by a checksum distribution manager, an inactive networking component, wherein the inactive networking component includes a checksum calculation engine for computing a checksum; sending, to the inactive networking component by the checksum distribution manager, metadata describing a block of data to be transmitted by an active networking component; calculating, by the inactive networking component, a checksum for the block of data; transmitting, to the checksum distribution manager from the inactive networking component, the checksum for the block of data; and sending, by the active networking component, a data communications message that includes the block of data and the checksum for the block of data.
摘要翻译：使用计算系统中的非活动网络组件来计算校验和，包括：由校验和分发管理器识别非活动网络组件，其中所述非活动网络组件包括用于计算校验和的校验和计算引擎; 由校验和分发管理器向不活动网络组件发送描述要由主动网络组件发送的数据块的元数据; 由非活动网络组件计算数据块的校验和; 从非活动网络组件向校验和分发管理器发送数据块的校验和; 以及由所述主动网络组件发送包括所述数据块和所述数据块的校验和的数据通信消息。

6. 发明申请

US20110219208A1 MULTI-PETASCALE HIGHLY EFFICIENT PARALLEL SUPERCOMPUTER 有权
标题翻译：多层高效平行超级计算机
公开(公告)号：US20110219208A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-08
申请号：US13004007
申请日：2011-01-10
申请人： Sameh Asaad , Ralph E. Bellofatto , Michael A. Blocksome , Matthias A. Blumrich , Peter Boyle , Jose R. Brunheroto , Dong Chen , Chen-Yong Cher , George L. Chiu , Norman Christ , Paul W. Coteus , Kristan D. Davis , Gabor J. Dozsa , Alexandre E. Eichenberger , Noel A. Eisley , Matthew R. Ellavsky , Kahn C. Evans , Bruce M. Fleischer , Thomas W. Fox , Alan Gara , Mark E. Giampapa , Thomas M. Gooding , Michael K. Gschwind , John A. Gunnels , Shawn A. Hall , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Todd A. Inglett , Brant L. Knudson , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , James A. Marcella , Mark G. Megerian , Douglas R. Miller , Samuel J. Miller , Adam J. Muff , Michael B. Mundy , John K. O'Brien , Kathryn M. O'Brien , Martin Ohmacht , Jeffrey J. Parker , Ruth J. Poole , Joseph D. Ratterman , Valentina Salapura , David L. Satterfield , Robert M. Senger , Brian Smith , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , William M. Stockdell , Craig B. Stunkel , Krishnan Sugavanam , Yutaka Sugawara , Todd E. Takken , Barry M. Trager , James L. Van Oosten , Charles D. Wait , Robert E. Walkup , Alfred T. Watson , Robert W. Wisniewski , Peng Wu
发明人： Sameh Asaad , Ralph E. Bellofatto , Michael A. Blocksome , Matthias A. Blumrich , Peter Boyle , Jose R. Brunheroto , Dong Chen , Chen-Yong Cher , George L. Chiu , Norman Christ , Paul W. Coteus , Kristan D. Davis , Gabor J. Dozsa , Alexandre E. Eichenberger , Noel A. Eisley , Matthew R. Ellavsky , Kahn C. Evans , Bruce M. Fleischer , Thomas W. Fox , Alan Gara , Mark E. Giampapa , Thomas M. Gooding , Michael K. Gschwind , John A. Gunnels , Shawn A. Hall , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Todd A. Inglett , Brant L. Knudson , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , James A. Marcella , Mark G. Megerian , Douglas R. Miller , Samuel J. Miller , Adam J. Muff , Michael B. Mundy , John K. O'Brien , Kathryn M. O'Brien , Martin Ohmacht , Jeffrey J. Parker , Ruth J. Poole , Joseph D. Ratterman , Valentina Salapura , David L. Satterfield , Robert M. Senger , Brian Smith , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , William M. Stockdell , Craig B. Stunkel , Krishnan Sugavanam , Yutaka Sugawara , Todd E. Takken , Barry M. Trager , James L. Van Oosten , Charles D. Wait , Robert E. Walkup , Alfred T. Watson , Robert W. Wisniewski , Peng Wu
IPC分类号： G06F15/76 , G06F9/06
CPC分类号： G06F13/287 , G06F9/06 , G06F9/3004 , G06F9/30047 , G06F9/3885 , G06F12/0811 , G06F12/0831 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0864 , G06F12/1027 , G06F15/17381 , G06F15/17387 , G06F15/76 , G06F15/8069 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/602 , G06F2212/6022 , G06F2212/6024 , G06F2212/6032 , Y02D10/13 , Y02D10/14
摘要： A Multi-Petascale Highly Efficient Parallel Supercomputer of 100 petaOPS-scale computing, at decreased cost, power and footprint, and that allows for a maximum packaging density of processing nodes from an interconnect point of view. The Supercomputer exploits technological advances in VLSI that enables a computing model where many processors can be integrated into a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Each ASIC computing node comprises a system-on-chip ASIC utilizing four or more processors integrated into one die, with each having full access to all system resources and enabling adaptive partitioning of the processors to functions such as compute or messaging I/O on an application by application basis, and preferably, enable adaptive partitioning of functions in accordance with various algorithmic phases within an application, or if I/O or other processors are underutilized, then can participate in computation or communication nodes are interconnected by a five dimensional torus network with DMA that optimally maximize the throughput of packet communications between nodes and minimize latency.
摘要翻译：具有100 petaOPS规模计算的多Petascale高效并行超级计算机，其成本，功耗和占地面积都在降低，并且允许从互连角度来看处理节点的最大封装密度。超级计算机利用了VLSI的技术进步，实现了许多处理器可以集成到单个专用集成电路（ASIC）中的计算模型。每个ASIC计算节点包括利用集成到一个管芯中的四个或更多个处理器的片上系统ASIC，每个处理器具有对所有系统资源的完全访问，并且使得处理器能够对诸如计算或消息传递I / O 并且优选地，根据应用内的各种算法阶段实现功能的自适应分割，或者如果I / O或其他处理器未被充分利用，则可以参与计算或通信节点通过五维环面网络互连使用DMA来最大限度地最大化节点之间的分组通信的吞吐量并最小化等待时间。

7. 发明授权

US09081501B2 Multi-petascale highly efficient parallel supercomputer 有权
标题翻译：多千兆高效并行超级计算机
公开(公告)号：US09081501B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-14
申请号：US13004007
申请日：2011-01-10
申请人： Sameh Asaad , Ralph E. Bellofatto , Michael A. Blocksome , Matthias A. Blumrich , Peter Boyle , Jose R. Brunheroto , Dong Chen , Chen-Yong Cher , George L. Chiu , Norman Christ , Paul W. Coteus , Kristan D. Davis , Gabor J. Dozsa , Alexandre E. Eichenberger , Noel A. Eisley , Matthew R. Ellavsky , Kahn C. Evans , Bruce M. Fleischer , Thomas W. Fox , Alan Gara , Mark E. Giampapa , Thomas M. Gooding , Michael K. Gschwind , John A. Gunnels , Shawn A. Hall , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Todd A. Inglett , Brant L. Knudson , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , James A. Marcella , Mark G. Megerian , Douglas R. Miller , Samuel J. Miller , Adam J. Muff , Michael B. Mundy , John K. O'Brien , Kathryn M. O'Brien , Martin Ohmacht , Jeffrey J. Parker , Ruth J. Poole , Joseph D. Ratterman , Valentina Salapura , David L. Satterfield , Robert M. Senger , Brian Smith , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , William M. Stockdell , Craig B. Stunkel , Krishnan Sugavanam , Yutaka Sugawara , Todd E. Takken , Barry M. Trager , James L. Van Oosten , Charles D. Wait , Robert E. Walkup , Alfred T. Watson , Robert W. Wisniewski , Peng Wu
发明人： Sameh Asaad , Ralph E. Bellofatto , Michael A. Blocksome , Matthias A. Blumrich , Peter Boyle , Jose R. Brunheroto , Dong Chen , Chen-Yong Cher , George L. Chiu , Norman Christ , Paul W. Coteus , Kristan D. Davis , Gabor J. Dozsa , Alexandre E. Eichenberger , Noel A. Eisley , Matthew R. Ellavsky , Kahn C. Evans , Bruce M. Fleischer , Thomas W. Fox , Alan Gara , Mark E. Giampapa , Thomas M. Gooding , Michael K. Gschwind , John A. Gunnels , Shawn A. Hall , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Todd A. Inglett , Brant L. Knudson , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , James A. Marcella , Mark G. Megerian , Douglas R. Miller , Samuel J. Miller , Adam J. Muff , Michael B. Mundy , John K. O'Brien , Kathryn M. O'Brien , Martin Ohmacht , Jeffrey J. Parker , Ruth J. Poole , Joseph D. Ratterman , Valentina Salapura , David L. Satterfield , Robert M. Senger , Brian Smith , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , William M. Stockdell , Craig B. Stunkel , Krishnan Sugavanam , Yutaka Sugawara , Todd E. Takken , Barry M. Trager , James L. Van Oosten , Charles D. Wait , Robert E. Walkup , Alfred T. Watson , Robert W. Wisniewski , Peng Wu
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F9/06 , G06F15/76
CPC分类号： G06F13/287 , G06F9/06 , G06F9/3004 , G06F9/30047 , G06F9/3885 , G06F12/0811 , G06F12/0831 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0864 , G06F12/1027 , G06F15/17381 , G06F15/17387 , G06F15/76 , G06F15/8069 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/602 , G06F2212/6022 , G06F2212/6024 , G06F2212/6032 , Y02D10/13 , Y02D10/14
摘要： A Multi-Petascale Highly Efficient Parallel Supercomputer of 100 petaOPS-scale computing, at decreased cost, power and footprint, and that allows for a maximum packaging density of processing nodes from an interconnect point of view. The Supercomputer exploits technological advances in VLSI that enables a computing model where many processors can be integrated into a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Each ASIC computing node comprises a system-on-chip ASIC utilizing four or more processors integrated into one die, with each having full access to all system resources and enabling adaptive partitioning of the processors to functions such as compute or messaging I/O on an application by application basis, and preferably, enable adaptive partitioning of functions in accordance with various algorithmic phases within an application, or if I/O or other processors are underutilized, then can participate in computation or communication nodes are interconnected by a five dimensional torus network with DMA that optimally maximize the throughput of packet communications between nodes and minimize latency.
摘要翻译：具有100 petaOPS规模计算的多Petascale高效并行超级计算机，其成本，功耗和占地面积都在降低，并且允许从互连角度来看处理节点的最大封装密度。超级计算机利用了VLSI的技术进步，实现了许多处理器可以集成到单个专用集成电路（ASIC）中的计算模型。每个ASIC计算节点包括利用集成到一个管芯中的四个或更多个处理器的片上系统ASIC，每个处理器具有对所有系统资源的完全访问，并且使得处理器能够对诸如计算或消息传递I / O 并且优选地，根据应用内的各种算法阶段实现功能的自适应分割，或者如果I / O或其他处理器未被充分利用，则可以参与计算或通信节点通过五维环面网络互连使用DMA来最大限度地最大化节点之间的分组通信的吞吐量并最小化等待时间。

8. 发明授权

US08595554B2 Reproducibility in a multiprocessor system 有权
标题翻译：多处理器系统中的重现性
公开(公告)号：US08595554B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12774475
申请日：2010-05-05
申请人： Ralph A. Bellofatto , Dong Chen , Paul W. Coteus , Noel A. Eisley , Alan Gara , Thomas M. Gooding , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Thomas A. Liebsch , Martin Ohmacht , Don D. Reed , Robert M. Senger , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , Yutaka Sugawara
发明人： Ralph A. Bellofatto , Dong Chen , Paul W. Coteus , Noel A. Eisley , Alan Gara , Thomas M. Gooding , Rudolf A. Haring , Philip Heidelberger , Gerard V. Kopcsay , Thomas A. Liebsch , Martin Ohmacht , Don D. Reed , Robert M. Senger , Burkhard Steinmacher-Burow , Yutaka Sugawara
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F1/10 , G06F11/2242
摘要： Fixing a problem is usually greatly aided if the problem is reproducible. To ensure reproducibility of a multiprocessor system, the following aspects are proposed: a deterministic system start state, a single system clock, phase alignment of clocks in the system, system-wide synchronization events, reproducible execution of system components, deterministic chip interfaces, zero-impact communication with the system, precise stop of the system and a scan of the system state.
摘要翻译：如果问题是可重现的，通常会大大帮助解决问题。为了确保多处理器系统的可重复性，提出了以下方面：确定性系统启动状态，单个系统时钟，系统中的时钟相位对齐，全系统同步事件，系统组件的可重复执行，确定性芯片接口，零 - 与系统进行通信，精确地停止系统并扫描系统状态。

9. 发明授权

US08655962B2 Shared address collectives using counter mechanisms 失效
标题翻译：共享地址集合使用计数器机制
公开(公告)号：US08655962B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-18
申请号：US12568115
申请日：2009-09-28
申请人： Michael Blocksome , Gabor Dozsa , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , Douglas Miller
发明人： Michael Blocksome , Gabor Dozsa , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , Douglas Miller
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F15/167
CPC分类号： G06F9/544
摘要： A shared address space on a compute node stores data received from a network and data to transmit to the network. The shared address space includes an application buffer that can be directly operated upon by a plurality of processes, for instance, running on different cores on the compute node. A shared counter is used for one or more of signaling arrival of the data across the plurality of processes running on the compute node, signaling completion of an operation performed by one or more of the plurality of processes, obtaining reservation slots by one or more of the plurality of processes, or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译：计算节点上的共享地址空间存储从网络接收的数据和要发送到网络的数据。共享地址空间包括可以通过多个进程直接操作的应用缓冲器，例如在计算节点上的不同核上运行。共享计数器用于通过在计算节点上运行的多个进程的信令到达的一个或多个，信令完成由多个进程中的一个或多个执行的操作，通过一个或多个多个处理或其组合。

10. 发明申请

US20110078249A1 SHARED ADDRESS COLLECTIVES USING COUNTER MECHANISMS 失效
标题翻译：使用计数器机制的共享地址集合
公开(公告)号：US20110078249A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-31
申请号：US12568115
申请日：2009-09-28
申请人： Michael Blocksome , Gabor Dozsa , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , Douglas Miller
发明人： Michael Blocksome , Gabor Dozsa , Thomas M. Gooding , Philip Heidelberger , Sameer Kumar , Amith R. Mamidala , Douglas Miller
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F9/544
摘要： A shared address space on a compute node stores data received from a network and data to transmit to the network. The shared address space includes an application buffer that can be directly operated upon by a plurality of processes, for instance, running on different cores on the compute node. A shared counter is used for one or more of signaling arrival of the data across the plurality of processes running on the compute node, signaling completion of an operation performed by one or more of the plurality of processes, obtaining reservation slots by one or more of the plurality of processes, or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译：计算节点上的共享地址空间存储从网络接收的数据和要发送到网络的数据。共享地址空间包括可以通过多个进程直接操作的应用缓冲器，例如在计算节点上的不同核上运行。共享计数器用于通过在计算节点上运行的多个进程的信令到达的一个或多个，信令完成由多个进程中的一个或多个执行的操作，通过一个或多个多个处理或其组合。

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