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1. 发明授权

US4058106A Method and apparatus for RPM limitation in internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：内燃机转速限制的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4058106A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-15
申请号：US679379
申请日：1976-04-22
申请人： Ulrich Drews , Bernd Kraus , Erich Singer , Hans Schnurle
发明人： Ulrich Drews , Bernd Kraus , Erich Singer , Hans Schnurle
IPC分类号： F02D41/22 , F02D41/02 , F02D41/14 , F02M17/38 , F02B3/00 , F02B77/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/0205
摘要： The maximum speed of an internal combustion engine is limited by a device which compares the period of rpm-synchronous pulses with the time constant of a reference multivibrator. If the engine rpm is so high that a pulse terminates prior to expiration of the reference time period, a gate is activated and acts through further multivibrator circuits to interrupt the fuel delivery to the engine, e.g., the fuel injection control pulses are suppressed. If the maximum rpm is exceeded only intermittently, the device restores normal fuel injection control pulses after a predetermined number of pulses has been suppressed. If the maximum rpm is exceeded continuously, the device restores normal fuel control somewhat later than the time at which the engine speed drops to below maximum rpm.
摘要翻译：内燃机的最大速度由比较转速同步脉冲的周期与参考多谐振荡器的时间常数的装置来限制。如果发动机转速如此高以致在基准时间段期满之前脉冲终止，则门被激活并通过进一步的多谐振荡器电路作用，以中断向发动机的燃料输送，例如燃料喷射控制脉冲被抑制。如果仅间歇地超过最大转速，则在预定数量的脉冲被抑制之后，装置恢复正常的燃料喷射控制脉冲。如果连续超过最大转速，设备会比发动机转速下降到最大转速以下的时间稍晚恢复正常的燃油控制。

2. 发明授权

US4244340A Method and apparatus for controlling fuel management for an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于控制内燃机的燃料管理的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4244340A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-13
申请号：US895683
申请日：1978-04-12
申请人： Harro Herth , Hans Schnurle , Ulrich Drews , Erich Singer , Bernd Kraus , Peter Werner
发明人： Harro Herth , Hans Schnurle , Ulrich Drews , Erich Singer , Bernd Kraus , Peter Werner
IPC分类号： F02D41/34 , F02D35/00 , F02D41/06 , F02D41/14 , F02M35/00 , F02D5/00 , F02M7/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/1476 , Y02T10/142
摘要： A control circuit of a fuel management control system for internal combustion engines monitors the operation of an exhaust line sensor. When the oxygen sensor is perceived to be inoperative, for example, due to low ambient temperature, the previously closed loop control process governing the fuel management control signals is interrupted and a direct forward control process is substituted therefor. The reference voltage is changed during this time for eventual adaptation to the changeover to closed loop feedback control after the oxygen sensor again becomes operational.
摘要翻译：用于内燃机的燃料管理控制系统的控制电路监视排气管线传感器的操作。当氧气传感器被认为不起作用时，例如由于环境温度低，控制燃料管理控制信号的先前闭环控制过程被中断，并且替换了直接正向控制过程。在此期间，参考电压发生变化，以便在氧传感器再次运行后最终适应于转换到闭环反馈控制。

3. 发明授权

US4187806A Fuel-air mixture control apparatus 失效
标题翻译：燃油混合控制装置
公开(公告)号：US4187806A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-12
申请号：US799489
申请日：1977-05-23
申请人： Hans Schnurle , Rudi Mayer , Bernd Kraus
发明人： Hans Schnurle , Rudi Mayer , Bernd Kraus
IPC分类号： F02D41/14 , F02B3/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/1479 , F02D41/148
摘要： Circuitry is described for use with a fuel mixture control system of an internal combustion engine in which an oxygen sensor is located in the exhaust system and generates a generally bi-valued signal which is compared with a set-point voltage to indicate rich or lean mixtures. In order to permit control loop operation even when the sensor signal changes due to decreasing temperatures, the set point voltage is adjusted to remain between the two values of the sensor signal. This adjustment is effective only when the lower sensor signal exceeds a given limit.
摘要翻译：描述了与内燃机的燃料混合物控制系统一起使用的电路，其中氧传感器位于排气系统中，并且产生与设定点电压相比较以表示浓缩或混合稀混合物的一般双重信号。为了允许控制回路操作，即使当传感器信号由于温度降低而改变时，设定点电压被调节以保持在传感器信号的两个值之间。此调整仅在较低传感器信号超过给定极限时有效。

4. 发明授权

US4428345A Fuel metering system for an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：内燃机燃油计量系统
公开(公告)号：US4428345A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-31
申请号：US378948
申请日：1982-05-17
申请人： Richard Bertsch , Dieter Gunther , Michael Horbelt , Bernd Kraus , Jurgen Penschuck , Claus Ruppmann , Hans Schnurle
发明人： Richard Bertsch , Dieter Gunther , Michael Horbelt , Bernd Kraus , Jurgen Penschuck , Claus Ruppmann , Hans Schnurle
IPC分类号： F02D41/14 , F02M7/00 , F02M51/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/1481
摘要： A fuel metering system having a .lambda. regulation device in which the delay periods known per se from the prior art are variable upon the switchover of the integration direction of an integrator included in the .lambda. regulation system. This variation produces a shortening of the delay period, as a result of which it is possible to prevent an excessive enrichment of the mixture. The invention relates to a controllable reduction of the individual delay signal as well as a control of the total duration of control exerted on the delay signals as they appear. The invention is independent of whether it is realized by either analog or digital circuit technology.
摘要翻译：一种具有λ调节装置的燃料计量系统，其中现有技术本身已知的延迟周期在包括在λ调节系统中的积分器的积分方向的切换时是可变的。这种变化导致延迟时间的缩短，结果可以防止混合物的过度富集。本发明涉及各个延迟信号的可控减小以及当它们出现时施加在延迟信号上的总控制持续时间的控制。本发明与是否通过模拟或数字电路技术实现无关。

5. 发明授权

US07157720B2 Multi-mode charged particle beam device 有权
标题翻译：多模带电粒子束装置
公开(公告)号：US07157720B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-02
申请号：US10878659
申请日：2004-06-28
申请人： Henry Shih-Ming Chao , Colin Geoffrey Trevor , Paul Edward Mooney , Bernd Kraus
发明人： Henry Shih-Ming Chao , Colin Geoffrey Trevor , Paul Edward Mooney , Bernd Kraus
IPC分类号： G01K1/08 , H01J3/14 , H01J3/26 , G01N23/00 , G21K7/00
CPC分类号： H01J37/261 , H01J37/222 , H01J49/44 , H01J2237/2443 , H01J2237/24435 , H01J2237/24455 , H01J2237/2446 , H01J2237/24465 , H01J2237/2447 , H01J2237/24485 , H01J2237/2522
摘要： A charged particle device is provided comprising a charged particle source configured to direct charged particles in the direction of a specimen under examination and an imaging device configured to convert charged particles to an image representing the specimen. The imaging device comprises a detector defining a pixel array. The detector is configured to generate electric charges for individual pixels of the pixel array such that the electric charges collectively define the image. The imaging device is configured such that a portion of the pixel array can be transitioned between a partially masked state and a substantially unmasked state.
摘要翻译：提供一种带电粒子装置，其包括被配置为沿被检查样本的方向引导带电粒子的带电粒子源和被配置为将带电粒子转换成代表该样本的图像的成像装置。成像装置包括限定像素阵列的检测器。检测器被配置为为像素阵列的各个像素产生电荷，使得电荷共同定义图像。成像装置被配置为使得像素阵列的一部分可以在部分屏蔽状态和基本上未屏蔽状态之间转变。

6. 发明申请

US20100202441A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE USER-SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF A COMMUNICATIONS PORT 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于通信端口用户特定配置的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20100202441A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：US12602749
申请日：2008-05-27
申请人： Thomas Haag , Michael Busser , Bernd Kraus , Klaus Meyer , Peter Hamacher
发明人： Thomas Haag , Michael Busser , Bernd Kraus , Klaus Meyer , Peter Hamacher
IPC分类号： H04L12/66 , H04J3/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/2881 , H04L12/287 , H04L41/0803 , H04L41/0843 , H04L67/306
摘要： A method and an apparatus for the user-specific configuration of a communications port includes provisioning a default profile that references a predetermined user, assigning the default profile to a user-specific configuration profile that is assigned to the predetermined user, and configuring the communications port using the user-specific configuration profile.
摘要翻译：用于通信端口的用户特定配置的方法和装置包括提供引用预定用户的默认简档，将默认简档分配给分配给预定用户的用户特定配置简档，以及配置通信端口使用用户特定的配置配置文件。

7. 发明授权

US4441471A Apparatus for regulating the idling rpm of internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于调节内燃机空转转速的装置
公开(公告)号：US4441471A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-10
申请号：US313074
申请日：1981-10-19
申请人： Alfred Kratt , Bernd Kraus , Gunther Plapp
发明人： Alfred Kratt , Bernd Kraus , Gunther Plapp
IPC分类号： F02D41/16 , F02D31/00 , F02D41/08 , F02D45/00 , F02D11/10
CPC分类号： F02D41/08 , F02D31/003 , F02D41/086 , Y10T477/68
摘要： An apparatus is proposed for regulating the idling rpm of internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition. The apparatus includes a comparison circuit for set-point and actual rpm, and the idling rpm set-point value can be influenced in accordance with the actual rpm, time, operating voltage, temperature, and other variables as needed. The actual regulation is effected by means of a PID-regulator, whose individual characteristics may be established for processing data as desired, preferably in accordance with the rpm deviation. A limitation regulator furthermore serves to establish the respective maximum and/or minimum limitation of the adjustment member in accordance with operating characteristics.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于通过外部提供的点火来调节内燃机的空转转速的装置。该装置包括用于设定点和实际rpm的比较电路，并且可以根据实际的rpm，时间，工作电压，温度和其他变量根据需要影响怠速转速设定值。实际的调节是通过PID调节器进行的，PID调节器可根据需要建立其各自的特性来处理数据，优选地根据转速偏差。限制调节器还用于根据操作特性建立调节构件的相应的最大和/或最小限制。

8. 发明授权

US4213335A Flow rate meter with temperature dependent resistor 失效
标题翻译：具有温度依赖电阻的流量计
公开(公告)号：US4213335A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-22
申请号：US913138
申请日：1978-06-06
申请人： Cornelius Peter , Bernd Kraus
发明人： Cornelius Peter , Bernd Kraus
IPC分类号： G01F1/68 , G01F1/692 , G01F1/696 , G01P5/12
CPC分类号： G01F1/696 , G01F1/692
摘要： A flow rate meter for measuring the flow rate of a fluid medium, especially that of the air aspirated by an internal combustion engine. A hot wire or film is placed in the air stream and is made part of an electrical circuit powered by the output of a differential amplifier. The voltage drop across the resistor is monitored at the input of the differential amplifier where it is compared with fixed or compensated values. In order to reduce the effect that airborne particles, which are deposited on the hot wire or film, have on the measuring characteristics of the apparatus, the wire or film are shaped so that their leading edge constitutes an area much smaller than the surfaces which are substantially parallel to the stream lines.
摘要翻译：一种流量计，用于测量流体介质的流量，特别是由内燃机吸入的空气的流量。热线或薄膜放置在空气流中，并被制成由差分放大器的输出端供电的电路的一部分。在差分放大器的输入端监测电阻上的电压降，并将其与固定或补偿值进行比较。为了减少沉积在热丝或薄膜上的空气中的颗粒对设备的测量特性的影响，导线或薄膜的形状使其前缘构成的面积远小于基本上平行于流线。

9. 发明授权

US4210016A Flow rate meter with temperature-dependent resistor 失效
标题翻译：带温度依赖电阻的流量计
公开(公告)号：US4210016A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-01
申请号：US935056
申请日：1978-08-18
申请人： Cornelius Peter , Bernd Kraus
发明人： Cornelius Peter , Bernd Kraus
IPC分类号： G01F1/68 , G01F1/40 , G01F1/684 , G01F15/00
CPC分类号： G01F1/6842 , G01F1/40 , G01F15/00
摘要： A flow rate measuring device, especially for measuring the flow rate of incoming fresh air in the induction tube of an internal combustion engine in which a temperature-dependent sensor, e.g. a resistor, is exposed to the air flow while the current through the sensor is controlled and monitored to obtain a signal related to the air flow rate. In order to prevent damage to the sensor from high-temperature flame fronts due to backfiring and also from inadvertent mechanical contact with tools, etc., there is provided at least one protective element downstream of the sensor and possibly another element upstream. The protective element is a plate-like barrier permitting essentially unimpeded air flow. The pattern of the element may be a grid or sieve, a honeycomb pattern or a plurality of parallel tubes.
摘要翻译：一种流量测量装置，特别是用于测量内燃机的感应管中进入的新鲜空气的流量的流量测量装置，其中依赖于温度的传感器，例如，电阻器暴露于空气流中，同时控制和监测通过传感器的电流以获得与空气流量相关的信号。为了防止由于背热引起的高温火焰前沿传感器的损坏以及由于与工具等的无意的机械接触而在传感器的下游和可能的另一个元件上游提供至少一个保护元件。保护性元件是板状屏障，其基本上不受阻碍的空气流动。元件的图案可以是网格或筛子，蜂窝图案或多个平行管。

10. 发明申请

US20050030373A1 Multi-mode charged particle beam device 有权
标题翻译：多模带电粒子束装置
公开(公告)号：US20050030373A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-10
申请号：US10878659
申请日：2004-06-28
申请人： Henry Chao , Colin Trevor , Paul Mooney , Bernd Kraus
发明人： Henry Chao , Colin Trevor , Paul Mooney , Bernd Kraus
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , H01J37/22 , H01J37/26 , H01J49/44 , H01L27/146 , H01L27/148 , H04N5/341 , H04N5/369 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： H01J37/261 , H01J37/222 , H01J49/44 , H01J2237/2443 , H01J2237/24435 , H01J2237/24455 , H01J2237/2446 , H01J2237/24465 , H01J2237/2447 , H01J2237/24485 , H01J2237/2522
摘要： A charged particle device is provided comprising a charged particle source configured to direct charged particles in the direction of a specimen under examination and an imaging device configured to convert charged particles to an image representing the specimen. The imaging device comprises a detector defining a pixel array. The detector is configured to generate electric charges for individual pixels of the pixel array such that the electric charges collectively define the image. The imaging device is configured such that a portion of the pixel array can be transitioned between a partially masked state and a substantially unmasked state.
摘要翻译：提供了一种带电粒子装置，其包括被配置为沿被检查样本的方向引导带电粒子的带电粒子源和被配置为将带电粒子转换成代表样本的图像的成像装置。成像装置包括限定像素阵列的检测器。检测器被配置为为像素阵列的各个像素产生电荷，使得电荷共同定义图像。成像装置被配置为使得像素阵列的一部分可以在部分屏蔽状态和基本上未屏蔽状态之间转变。

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