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1. 发明授权

US06853898B2 Occupant labeling for airbag-related applications 失效
标题翻译：乘客标签用于安全气囊相关应用
公开(公告)号：US06853898B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US10269308
申请日：2002-10-11
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , James M. Slicker
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , James M. Slicker
IPC分类号： B60R21/16 , B60R21/00 , B60R21/01 , B60R21/013 , B60R21/015 , G06K9/00 , G06K9/62 , G06T5/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/20 , G06F7/00
CPC分类号： B60R21/01542 , B60R21/01538 , B60R21/01552 , B60R21/01556 , B60R21/01558 , B60R2021/0044 , B60R2021/01315 , G06K9/00362 , G06K9/00369 , G06K9/00832 , G06K9/626 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/174 , G06T7/215 , G06T7/254 , G06T7/277 , G06T7/74 , G06T2207/10016 , G06T2207/10048 , G06T2207/30268
摘要： An invention is disclosed to divide a segmented image of an occupant into an upper torso image and a lower torso image. An occupant labeling heuristic can identify each pixel within the segmented image as an upper torso pixel or a lower torso pixel. A k-means module can provide an initial pixel classification by comparing the distance between the particular pixel and an estimated midpoint on the upper torso with the distance between the particular pixel and an estimated midpoint on the lower torso. The iterative parameters estimator can update the mean values for the upper torso and lower torso by performing a conditional likelihood heuristic. Pixels can then be classified as either upper or lower torso pixels by comparing a Mahalonobis distance for each torso. Airbag-related applications can then use the upper torso image to generate occupant characteristics relevant to airbag-related applications.
摘要翻译：公开了一种将乘客的分割图像划分为上躯干图像和下躯干图像的发明。乘员标签启发式可以将分割图像中的每个像素识别为上躯干像素或下躯干像素。 k-装置模块可以通过将特定像素之间的距离和上躯干上的估计中点与特定像素之间的距离与下躯干上的估计中点进行比较来提供初始像素分类。迭代参数估计器可以通过执行条件似然启发式来更新上躯干和下躯干的平均值。然后可以通过比较每个躯干的Mahalonobis距离将像素分类为上或下躯干像素。然后，安全气囊相关的应用可以使用上部躯干图像来产生与安全气囊相关的应用相关的乘员特征。

2. 发明授权

US06198998B1 Occupant type and position detection system 失效
标题翻译：乘员型和位置检测系统
公开(公告)号：US06198998B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US09368251
申请日：1999-08-03
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , Michael P. Bruce
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , Michael P. Bruce
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： B60R21/01538 , B60N2/002 , B60N2/28 , G06K9/00201 , G06K9/00362 , G06K9/00832 , G06T7/70
摘要： A method and system (10) for detecting vehicle occupant type and position utilizes a single camera unit (12) positioned, for example at the driver or passenger side A-pillar, to generate image data of the front seating area of the vehicle. The present invention distinguishes between objects, forwardly or rearwardly facing child seats, and occupants, by periodically mapping the image taken of the interior of the vehicle into an image profile (104), and utilizing image profile matching with stored profile data (110) to determine the occupant or object type. The system and method of the present invention track occupant type and position in both parallel and perpendicular directions relative to a fixed structure such as the vehicle instrument panel to optimize both the efficiency and safety in controlling deployment of a occupant safety device, such as an air bag (28).
摘要翻译：用于检测车辆乘员类型和位置的方法和系统（10）利用位于例如驾驶员或乘客侧A柱的单个照相机单元（12）来生成车辆前座椅区域的图像数据。本发明通过将拍摄到车辆内部的图像周期性地映射到图像轮廓（104）中，并且利用与存储的轮廓数据（110）匹配的图像轮廓来区分通过向前或向后的儿童座椅和乘客的目标，确定乘客或物体类型。本发明的系统和方法相对于诸如车辆仪表板的固定结构在平行和垂直方向上跟踪乘员类型和位置，以优化在控制乘员安全装置（例如空气）的部署中的效率和安全性包（28）。

3. 发明授权

US06252240B1 Vehicle occupant discrimination system and method 失效
标题翻译：车辆乘客辨别制度及方法
公开(公告)号：US06252240B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09066547
申请日：1998-04-24
申请人： Edward J. Gillis , Naveed Mahbub , Michael E. Farmer , James A. Campbell , J. Gregory Stanley
发明人： Edward J. Gillis , Naveed Mahbub , Michael E. Farmer , James A. Campbell , J. Gregory Stanley
IPC分类号： G01N2186
CPC分类号： B60R21/01534 , B60R21/01516 , G01G19/4142
摘要： An occupant discrimination system incorporates a position sensor for measuring the distance from a fixed structure within the vehicle to a first surface of an occupant or object on a vehicle seat, and a seat weight sensor for measuring the weight of the occupant or object. The position sensor generates a plurality of signal components that are combined with the weight and vehicle speed related measurements so as to form a signal space, from which a plurality of measures are calculated. A plurality of seat occupancy scenarios are defined and the likelihood of each seat occupancy scenario is functionally related to the plurality of measures. For a given measure state, the likelihood of each of the seat occupancy scenarios is calculated, and the most likely scenario is used to govern the control of a safety restraint system.
摘要翻译：乘员鉴别系统包括位置传感器，用于测量从车辆内的固定结构到车辆座椅上的乘员或物体的第一表面的距离，以及用于测量乘客或物体的重量的座椅重量传感器。位置传感器产生与重量和车辆速度相关测量结合的多个信号分量，以便形成信号空间，从该信号空间计算多个度量。定义多个座位占用情景，并且每个座位占用情景的可能性在功能上与多个措施相关。对于给定的度量状态，计算每个座位占用情景的可能性，并且最可能的情况被用于控制安全约束系统的控制。

4. 发明申请

US20080059027A1 Methods and apparatus for classification of occupancy using wavelet transforms 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用小波变换进行占用分类的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20080059027A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-06
申请号：US11514299
申请日：2006-08-31
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , Shweta R. Bapna
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , Shweta R. Bapna
IPC分类号： B60R22/00
CPC分类号： B60R21/01538
摘要： Improved methods and apparatus for classifying occupancy of a position use wavelet transforms, such as Gabor filters, for processing images obtained in conjunction therewith. For example, a computer system comprises an algorithm that utilizes a wavelet transform for processing of imagery associated with a position in order to classify occupancy of that position. A method comprises steps of: obtaining an image of the position; optionally segmenting the image at the position; optionally dividing the image into multiple key regions for further analysis; analyzing texture of the image using one or more wavelet transforms; and classifying occupancy of the position based on the texture of the image.
摘要翻译：改进了用于对位置使用小波变换占有率进行分类的方法和装置，例如Gabor滤波器，用于处理与其结合获得的图像。例如，计算机系统包括利用小波变换处理与位置相关联的图像以便对该位置的占用进行分类的算法。一种方法包括以下步骤：获得所述位置的图像; 可选地在该位置分割图像; 可选地将图像划分成多个关键区域用于进一步分析; 使用一个或多个小波变换分析图像的纹理; 并基于图像的纹理对位置的占用进行分类。

5. 发明授权

US06856694B2 Decision enhancement system for a vehicle safety restraint application 失效
标题翻译：车辆安全限制应用的决策增强系统
公开(公告)号：US06856694B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-15
申请号：US10703957
申请日：2003-11-07
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , Mark L. Dell' Eva , Christopher N. St. John , Galen E. Ressler
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , Mark L. Dell' Eva , Christopher N. St. John , Galen E. Ressler
IPC分类号： B60R21/01 , B60R21/013 , B60R21/015 , G01S1/00 , G06K9/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/20
CPC分类号： B60R21/01542 , B60R21/013 , B60R21/01538 , B60R21/0154 , G06K9/00362 , G06K9/00832 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/70
摘要： The disclosure describes systems and methods that pertain to interactions between a vehicle and an occupant within the vehicle. More specifically, various systems and methods for enhancing the decisions of automated vehicle applications (collectively “decision enhancement system”) are disclosed. In a safety restraint embodiment, a sensor is used to capture various sensor readings. Sensor readings are typically in the form of images. Occupant information, such as location attributes, motion attributes, and occupant category attributes can be obtained from the sensor readings. If the system concludes that the deployment of a safety restraint is potentially justified, an at-risk-zone detector can be used to determine whether or not the occupant will be too close to the deploying safety restraint at the time of deployment for the safety restraint to be safely deployed.
摘要翻译：本公开描述涉及车辆和车辆内的乘客之间的相互作用的系统和方法。更具体地，公开了用于增强自动车辆应用的决定（统称为“决策增强系统”）的各种系统和方法。在安全约束实施例中，传感器用于捕获各种传感器读数。传感器读数通常为图像形式。可以从传感器读数获得乘客信息，如位置属性，运动属性和乘员类别属性。如果系统得出结论认为安全限制的部署是有潜力的，则可以使用危险区域检测器来确定在部署安全约束时乘客是否太靠近部署安全约束安全部署。

6. 发明授权

US06944527B2 Decision enhancement system for a vehicle safety restraint application 失效
标题翻译：车辆安全限制应用的决策增强系统
公开(公告)号：US06944527B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10703345
申请日：2003-11-07
申请人： Mark L. Dell′ Eva , Michael E. Farmer , John D. Prainito , Michael Montag , Daniel M. Croft , Joseph J. Spryshak , Kevin S. Jump
发明人： Mark L. Dell′ Eva , Michael E. Farmer , John D. Prainito , Michael Montag , Daniel M. Croft , Joseph J. Spryshak , Kevin S. Jump
IPC分类号： B60R21/01 , B60R21/015 , G06K9/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/20 , B60R22/00
CPC分类号： B60R21/01542 , B60R21/01538 , B60R21/0154 , G06K9/00362 , G06K9/00832 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/70
摘要： The disclosure describes systems and methods that pertain to interactions between a vehicle and an occupant within the vehicle. More specifically, various systems and methods for enhancing the decisions of automated vehicle applications (collectively “decision enhancement system”) are disclosed. In a safety restraint embodiment, a sensor is used to capture various sensor readings. Sensor readings are typically in the form of images. Occupant information, such as location attributes, motion attributes, and occupant category attributes can be obtained from the sensor readings. Such information can then used by the system to enhance the decisions made by various automated applications.
摘要翻译：本公开描述涉及车辆和车辆内的乘客之间的相互作用的系统和方法。更具体地，公开了用于增强自动车辆应用的决定（统称为“决策增强系统”）的各种系统和方法。在安全约束实施例中，传感器用于捕获各种传感器读数。传感器读数通常为图像形式。可以从传感器读数获得乘客信息，如位置属性，运动属性和乘员类别属性。然后，系统可以使用这些信息来增强各种自动化应用所做的决策。

7. 发明授权

US06366236B1 Neural network radar processor 失效
标题翻译：神经网络雷达处理器
公开(公告)号：US06366236B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-02
申请号：US09637044
申请日：2000-08-11
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , Craig S. Jacobs , Shan Cong
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , Craig S. Jacobs , Shan Cong
IPC分类号： G01S1300
CPC分类号： G01S13/584 , B60R21/0134 , G01S7/417 , G01S13/34 , G01S13/931
摘要： A neural network radar processor (10) comprises a multilayer perceptron neural network (100.1) comprising an input layer (102), a second layer (122), and at least a third layer (124), wherein each layer has a plurality of nodes (108), and respective subsets of nodes (108) of the second (122) and third (124) layers are interconnected so as to form mutually exclusive subnetworks (120). In-phase and quadrature phase time series from a sampled down-converted FMCW radar signal (19) are applied to the input layer, and the neural network (100) is trained so that the nodes of the output layer (106) are responsive to targets in corresponding range cells, and different subnetworks (120) are responsive to respectively different non-overlapping sets of target ranges. The neural network is trained with signals that are germane to an FMCW radar, including a wide range of target scenarios as well as leakage signals, DC bias signals, and background clutter signals.
摘要翻译：神经网络雷达处理器（10）包括包括输入层（102），第二层（122）和至少第三层（124）的多层感知器神经网络（100.1），其中每个层具有多个节点（108），并且第二（122）和第三（124）层的节点（108）的相应子集互连，以便形成相互排斥的子网（120）。来自采样的下变频FMCW雷达信号（19）的同相和正交相位时间序列被施加到输入层，并且对神经网络（100）进行训练，使得输出层（106）的节点响应于相应范围单元中的目标，以及不同的子网（120）对目标范围的分别不同的非重叠集合进行响应。使用与FMCW雷达相关的信号训练神经网络，包括各种目标场景以及泄漏信号，直流偏置信号和背景杂波信号。

8. 发明授权

US6028548A Vehicle collision radar with randomized FSK waveform 失效
标题翻译：具有随机FSK波形的车辆碰撞雷达
公开(公告)号：US6028548A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US352632
申请日：1999-07-13
申请人： Michael E. Farmer
发明人： Michael E. Farmer
IPC分类号： G01S13/38 , B60R21/01 , B60R21/0134 , G01S7/35 , G01S7/36 , G01S13/02 , G01S13/34 , G01S13/42 , G01S13/536 , G01S13/93
CPC分类号： G01S7/023 , G01S13/347 , G01S13/426 , G01S13/536 , G01S13/931 , G01S7/354 , G01S7/36 , B60R21/0134 , G01S2007/356 , G01S2013/9375 , G01S7/35 , G01S7/352
摘要： An automotive radar incorporates a repetitive randomized equivalent LFM sequence of frequencies for improved immunity to jamming from other automotive radars. Each frequency in the sequence is of sufficient duration to travel round trip over the detection range of the radar. The Doppler shift in the received signal is estimated by performing a spectral analysis on similar frequency components of the received signal, and is then removed from the entire received signal. The received signal is then reordered so as to form an equivalent LFM received signal, and is compared with a similarly reordered image of the transmitted signal so as to estimate the range to the target. The randomization sequence, initial start frequency, or initial start time of the repetitive sequence are varied to minimize the effects of jamming by other radars, and this variation can be directionally dependent.
摘要翻译：汽车雷达包含重复的随机等效LFM频率序列，以提高其他汽车雷达的干扰免疫力。序列中的每个频率具有足够的持续时间来在雷达的检测范围上行进往返。通过对接收信号的类似频率分量执行频谱分析来估计接收信号中的多普勒频移，然后从整个接收信号中去除。然后接收的信号被重新排序以形成等效的LFM接收信号，并且与发射信号的类似的重新排序的图像进行比较，以估计到目标的范围。改变重复序列的随机化序列，初始起始频率或初始开始时间以最小化其他雷达的干扰的影响，并且该变化可以取决于方向。

9. 发明授权

US5606821A Smart weed recognition/classification system 失效
标题翻译：智能杂草识别/分类系统
公开(公告)号：US5606821A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-04
申请号：US257257
申请日：1994-07-25
申请人： Firooz A. Sadjadi , Michael E. Farmer
发明人： Firooz A. Sadjadi , Michael E. Farmer
IPC分类号： A01M7/00 , A01G13/00
CPC分类号： A01M7/0089
摘要： A smart weed recognition and identification system comprises a chlorophyll sensor for detecting green vegetation and memory map means for storing images which contain different forms of green vegetation. The memory maps stored in memory are processed to eliminate the background information and leave a memory map containing only green vegetation. The enhanced memory map is further processed by an operation of segmentation into identifiable regions and the identifiable green vegetation regions are processed to identify unique attributes for each of the regions. The unique attributes for each of the regions is stored in a reference data base library and are used as reference data for comparing other green vegetation with the data stored in the base model by a processor which matches green vegetation in other regions with the green vegetation stored in said reference data base model and further produces decision data signals which are used by a controller to control a plurality of spray nozzles covering the area sensed and for dispensing a plurality of selectable controlled chemicals.
摘要翻译：一种智能杂草识别和识别系统，包括用于检测绿色植被的叶绿素传感器和用于存储包含不同形式的绿色植被的图像的记录图形装置。处理存储在存储器中的存储器映射以消除背景信息，并留下仅包含绿色植被的存储器映射。通过将分割操作进一步处理增强的存储器映射，以识别可区域，并且处理可识别的绿色植被区域以识别每个区域的唯一属性。每个区域的独特属性存储在参考数据库中，并用作参考数据，用于将其他绿色植被与存储在基本模型中的数据进行比较，处理器与其他区域中的绿色植被与绿色植被存储在所述参考数据库模型中并进一步产生决策数据信号，所述决定数据信号由控制器用来控制覆盖所感测区域并用于分配多个可选择受控化学品的多个喷嘴。

10. 发明授权

US5519401A Programmed radar coordinate scan conversion 失效
标题翻译：编程雷达坐标扫描转换
公开(公告)号：US5519401A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-21
申请号：US143597
申请日：1993-11-01
申请人： Michael E. Farmer , Stephen M. Sohn
发明人： Michael E. Farmer , Stephen M. Sohn
IPC分类号： G01S7/298 , G06F1/03
CPC分类号： G06F1/03 , G01S7/298 , G06F2101/06
摘要： A pseudo-code representation and a C language representation of a scan converter system whereby radar amplitude data specified in polar coordinates may be displayed on a computer monitor display controlled by rectangular coordinates is provided. The invention utilizes a look-up table that is built using a two-phase algorithm. The look-up table is set into an initial state after which a mapping process takes place in which all of the (x,y) coordinate values covering the display area are inversely projected to the nearest (r,.theta.) coordinate values using trigonometric and approximation procedures. Since more than one (x,y) value may map to the same (r,.theta.) value, these values are linked together to form a patch. All of the (r,.theta.) coordinates will not be hit in this mapping process. Therefore, a second phase of projection occurs. Each (r,.theta.) coordinate not hit in the aforementioned inverse projection is now projected forward to an (x,y) coordinate using trigonometric and approximation procedures. Upon conclusion of the formation of the look-up table, each (r,.theta.) value will have an associated patch of (x,y) values. The look-up table may now be addressed by r and .theta.. The associated patch contains the x and y coordinate values which are used to paint the display.
摘要翻译：提供了扫描转换器系统的伪码表示和C语言表示，其中以极坐标指定的雷达幅度数据可以显示在由直角坐标控制的计算机监视器显示器上。本发明利用了使用两相算法构建的查找表。查找表被设置为初始状态，之后进行映射处理，其中使用三角法将覆盖显示区域的所有（x，y）坐标值反向投影到最近的（r，θ）坐标值，近似程序。由于多个（x，y）值可能映射到相同的（r，theta）值，所以这些值被链接在一起形成一个补丁。在这个映射过程中，所有（r，θ）坐标都不会被击中。因此，发生第二阶段的投影。在上述反向投影中未命中的每个（r，θ）坐标现在使用三角和近似程序向前投影到（x，y）坐标。在查找表的形成结束时，每个（r，θ）值将具有（x，y）值的相关补码。现在可以通过r和θ来查找查找表。相关补丁包含用于绘制显示的x和y坐标值。

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