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1. 发明授权

US5998012A Ceramic layer systems, particularly for gas sensors 失效
公开(公告)号：US5998012A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US716376
申请日：1996-09-19
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Lothar Weber , Werner Gruenwald , Gert Lindemann , Harald Neumann , Ulrich Eisele
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Lothar Weber , Werner Gruenwald , Gert Lindemann , Harald Neumann , Ulrich Eisele
IPC分类号： G01N27/409 , B32B18/00 , C04B35/00 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/87 , G01N27/407 , B23B17/00
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , B32B18/00 , C04B41/5042 , C04B41/87 , G01N27/4073 , G01N27/4075 , C04B2237/34 , C04B2237/341 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , Y10T428/252 , Y10T428/256 , Y10T428/257
摘要： A ceramic layer system including at least two layers having respective ion conductivities which are substantially different includes a substrate layer composed of a ceramic material and having substantially no ion conductivity; and at least one conducting layer positioned adjacent to the substrate layer, containing coated ceramic particles composed of ceramic particles composed of a ceramic material having no substantial ion conductivity which are coated with a material having a substantial ion conductivity so that each conducting layer of the at least one conducting layer has a continuous phase after sintering composed of the material which has a substantial ion conductivity and so that the at least one conducting layer has an ion conductivity effective to conduct ions. A method of producing a gas sensor for detecting small quantities of at least one gas in gas mixtures includes providing a substrate layer composed of ceramic particles composed of a material having substantially no ion conductivity; applying a layer composed of coated ceramic particles onto the substrate layer, the coated ceramic particles being composed of ceramic particles composed of a material that has no substantial ion conductivity coated with a material which has a substantial ion conductivity at the operating temperature of the gas sensor; applying at least one functional layer onto the layer composed of coated ceramic particles to provide a green body; preheating the green body to remove binding agents, plastifying agents, and any additional organic constituents; and sintering the green body after preheating by heating to a temperature effective to sinter the green body so that the layer comprised of coated ceramic particles has a continuous phase comprised of the material which has a substantial ion conductivity.

2. 发明授权

US5628848A Process for the production of composite systems having at least two inorganic ceramic layers 失效
标题翻译：用于生产具有至少两个无机陶瓷层的复合体系的方法
公开(公告)号：US5628848A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US367141
申请日：1995-01-09
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
IPC分类号： B32B18/00 , C04B37/00 , G01N27/407 , B32B31/26
CPC分类号： B32B18/00 , C04B37/001 , G01N27/4073 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/586 , C04B2237/76
摘要： The invention relates to composite systems having at least two layers which comprise different inorganic, ceramic phases and are produced by cosintering of different, finely divided inorganic materials arranged in layers. The composite systems are characterized in that at least two adjacent layers comprise a dense phase largely free of macropores. The layers are durably bonded to one another by sintering together of particles of the different materials at the phase boundary or boundaries. The composite systems and the processes for the production thereof are used, for example, in the manufacture of gas sensors.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE94 / 00520 Sec。 371日期1995年1月9日 102（e）1995年1月9日PCT PCT 1994年5月6日PCT公布。第WO94 / 27819号公报日期1994年12月8日本发明涉及具有至少两层的复合体系，它们包含不同的无机陶瓷相，并通过不同细分的无机材料以层间顺序的同步化而产生。复合体系的特征在于至少两个相邻的层包含大部分不含大孔的密相。这些层通过在相边界或边界处将不同材料的颗粒烧结在一起而相互粘合在一起。复合系统及其制造方法例如用于气体传感器的制造中。

3. 发明授权

US5474665A Measuring sensor for determining the oxygen content of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体混合物氧含量的测量传感器
公开(公告)号：US5474665A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US306572
申请日：1994-09-15
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Fischer , Manfred Koeder , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Fischer , Manfred Koeder , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
IPC分类号： F02B1/04 , F02D41/14 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/419 , G01N27/407
CPC分类号： G01N27/419 , F02B1/04
摘要： The invention relates to a measuring sensor having pump reference for measuring the oxygen content of gas mixtures, particularly exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor includes a measuring cell (A) and a reference cell (B) each having a pair of electrodes, with one of each respective pairs of electrodes being common to the two cells, and having a fixed electrolyte. Reference cell (B) has defined therein an internal oxygen reference zone which is hermetically sealed from the gas mixture and which is connected to the atmosphere by way of a pressure-equalization line. The measuring cell (A) and the reference cell (B) can be heated by heating apparatus to a temperature at which the fixed electrolyte has an ionic conductivity which is sufficiently high. The heating apparatus and a porous insulation are advantageously disposed in the vicinity of the electrode of the reference cell which is not in common with the measuring cell and which is porous so that the porous insulation, together with the porous electrode, form the internal oxygen reference zone and, together with the porous electrode and its porous conductor track, form the pressure-equalization line.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种具有用于测量气体混合物，特别是内燃机废气的氧含量的泵参考的测量传感器。传感器包括测量单元（A）和参考单元（B），每个参考单元具有一对电极，每对电极中的每一对电极与两个单元共用，并具有固定的电解液。参考电池（B）在其中限定了内部氧参考区，其内部氧参考区与气体混合物气密密封，并通过压力平衡线连接到大气。测量单元（A）和参考单元（B）可以通过加热装置加热至固定电解质具有足够高的离子电导率的温度。加热装置和多孔绝缘体有利地设置在参比单元的电极附近，其与测量池不相同，并且是多孔的，使得多孔绝缘体与多孔电极一起形成内部氧参考并且与多孔电极及其多孔导体轨道一起形成压力平衡线。

4. 发明授权

US5545301A Sensor element for the determination of concentration of gas constituent(s) 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体成分浓度的传感器元件
公开(公告)号：US5545301A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US360737
申请日：1994-12-23
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Roland Stahl , Claudio de la Prieta , Gerhard Schneider , Harald Neumann
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Roland Stahl , Claudio de la Prieta , Gerhard Schneider , Harald Neumann
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071
摘要： A sensor element for determining concentration of at least one constituent of a gas mixture operates on an electro-chemical measuring process and includes a gas measuring chamber; a pair of electrodes and an electrode chamber located between the pair of electrodes; and a diffusion conduit adjoining the electrode chamber and having a gas input which connects with the gas measuring chamber, having a gas output which connects with the electrode chamber, and having at least one cross-sectional area including a height, w, and a length, L, which height, w, has a preselected minimum value, and which length, L, has a value which is equal to or greater than the preselected minimum value of the height, w. The constituent of the gas mixture has a mean free path length through the sensor element, the gas measuring chamber has a cross-sectional area including a height and a length each of which are at least as large as the minimum height, w, of the diffusion conduit, and the height, w, of respective ones of the at least one cross-sectional area of the diffusion conduit is at least a multiple of the mean free path length of the constituent of the gas mixture to be measured. Advantageously, substantially only gaseous phase diffusion occurs when the predetermined minimum value of the height, w, is at least a multiple of a minimum value of the mean free path length for the gas constituent measured.
摘要翻译：用于确定气体混合物的至少一种组分的浓度的传感器元件在电化学测量过程中运行，并且包括气体测量室; 位于所述一对电极之间的一对电极和电极室; 以及邻接所述电极室并具有与所述气体测量室连接的气体输入的扩散管道，具有与所述电极室连接的气体输出，并且具有包括高度w和长度的至少一个横截面区域，L，其高度w具有预选的最小值，并且长度L具有等于或大于预定的最小值的最小值w的值。气体混合物的组分具有通过传感器元件的平均自由路径长度，气体测量室具有包括高度和长度的横截面积，每个高度和长度至少与最小高度w一样大，扩散管道的扩散管道，并且扩散管道的至少一个横截面积中相应的一个的高度w至少为要测量的气体混合物的成分的平均自由程长度的倍数。有利地，当高度的预定最小值w至少为测量的气体成分的平均自由程长度的最小值的倍数时，基本上仅发生气相扩散。

5. 发明授权

US5476001A Sensor for determining gas components and/or gas concentrations of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于确定气体组分和/或气体混合物气体浓度的传感器
公开(公告)号：US5476001A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-19
申请号：US244660
申请日：1994-06-06
申请人： Gerhard Hoetzel , Harald Neumann , Johann Riegel , Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald
发明人： Gerhard Hoetzel , Harald Neumann , Johann Riegel , Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N27/14 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/419 , G01N27/62 , G01N27/417 , F02D41/14
CPC分类号： G01N27/419
摘要： A sensor for determining gas components and/or gas concentrations in gas mixtures, in particular in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor has an oxygen pump cell and a measuring element having a sensitive region. Provided between the pump cell and the gas mixture is a diffusion path in which there are formed an oxygen gradient XO.sub.2 and a gradient X.sub.CO of the gas component to be determined, which extend respectively in opposite directions. The measuring element is positioned relative to the pump cell and the diffusion path in such a way that an excess of oxygen is present on the sensitive region of the measuring element.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 01164 Sec。 371日期：1994年6月6日 102（e）日期1994年6月6日PCT提交1993年12月7日PCT公布。公开号WO94 / 15206 日期1997年7月7日。一种用于确定气体混合物，特别是内燃机废气中的气体成分和/或气体浓度的传感器。传感器具有氧气泵电池和具有敏感区域的测量元件。提供在泵电池和气体混合物之间的是扩散路径，其中形成分别沿相反方向延伸的要确定的气体成分的氧梯度XO2和梯度XCO。测量元件相对于泵电池和扩散路径被定位成使得过量的氧存在于测量元件的敏感区域上。

6. 发明授权

US5885429A Electrochemical measuring sensor and method for producing an electrochemical measuring sensor 失效
标题翻译：电化学测量传感器及电化学测量传感器的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5885429A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US860661
申请日：1997-08-08
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Kurt Schmid , Claudio De La Prieta , Gerhard Schneider , Hans-Joerg Renz , Harald Neumann , Uwe Glanz , Stefan Kuschel , Ralf Haug , Manfred Moser , Kurt Bayha , Annette Seibold , Carmen Schmiedel , Reiner Schuetz
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Kurt Schmid , Claudio De La Prieta , Gerhard Schneider , Hans-Joerg Renz , Harald Neumann , Uwe Glanz , Stefan Kuschel , Ralf Haug , Manfred Moser , Kurt Bayha , Annette Seibold , Carmen Schmiedel , Reiner Schuetz
IPC分类号： G01N27/409 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/4075
摘要： An electrochemical measuring sensor having a solid electrolyte, a first electrode exposed to a gas to be measured and a second electrode exposed to a reference gas, with the electrodes preferably being arranged on opposite sides of the solid electrolyte. At least one of the electrodes (16, 20) is provided with a contouring (24) on its side (22) that is exposed to the gas to be measured or to the reference gas, with the contouring being a trench-shaped groove (26) embossed into the surface of the electrode such that the electrode is pressed into the adjacent solid electrolyte in the region of the groove. According to the method, the embossing is done while the electrode and the solid electrolyte are in the non-sintered state, and the sensor is subsequently sintered.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE96 / 01753 Sec。 371日期：1997年8月8日 102（e）日期1997年8月8日PCT提交1996年9月17日PCT公布。公开号WO97 / 17608 日期1997年5月15日具有固体电解质的电化学测量传感器，暴露于待测气体的第一电极和暴露于参考气体的第二电极，电极优选布置在固体电解质的相对侧上。电极（16,20）中的至少一个在其侧面（22）处设置有暴露于待测量气体或参考气体的轮廓（24），其中轮廓是沟槽形凹槽 26）压印到电极的表面中，使得电极在凹槽的区域中被压入相邻的固体电解质中。根据该方法，在电极和固体电解质处于非烧结状态下进行压花，随后将传感器烧结。

7. 发明授权

US5505837A Sensor arrangement for determining gas components and/or gas concentrations of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于确定气体组分和/或气体混合物气体浓度的传感器装置
公开(公告)号：US5505837A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US290704
申请日：1994-12-12
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald , Gerhard Hoetzel , Harald Neumann , Johann Riegel , Bernd Schumann
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald , Gerhard Hoetzel , Harald Neumann , Johann Riegel , Bernd Schumann
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/419 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/419
摘要： A sensor arrangement for determining at least one of gas components and gas concentrations of gas mixtures including CO, NO.sub.x and HC in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a measuring element which has a sensitive region; and a pump cell that includes a solid electrolyte and inner and outer pump electrodes which are opposingly disposed at least on the solid electrolyte and which effect an oxygen transfer to the measuring element, wherein the pump cell and the measuring element are spatially separated from one another, are located in different temperature zones during operation of the sensor arrangement, and are connected to one another by a diffusion segment through which oxygen can diffuse from the pump cell to the measuring element.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE94 / 00289 Sec。 371日期1994年12月12日第 102（e）日期1994年12月12日PCT 1994年3月17日PCT公布。公开号WO94 / 24550 PCT 日期：1994年10月27日。一种用于确定内燃机废气中的CO，NO x和HC气体混合气体组分和气体浓度中的至少一种的传感器装置，包括具有敏感区域的测量元件; 以及泵电池，其包括固体电解质和内部和外部泵电极，所述内部和外部泵电极相对设置在至少在所述固体电解质上并且对所述测量元件进行氧传递，其中所述泵浦单元和所述测量元件在空间上彼此分离位于传感器装置的操作期间的不同温度区域中，并且通过扩散段彼此连接，通过该扩散段，氧气可以从泵电池扩散到测量元件。

8. 发明授权

US5702580A Measuring sensor for determining the oxygen content of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体混合物氧含量的测量传感器
公开(公告)号：US5702580A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-30
申请号：US617873
申请日：1996-03-21
申请人： Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald , Claudio De La Prieta , Gert Lindemann , Ulrich Eisele , Carmen Schmiedel
发明人： Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald , Claudio De La Prieta , Gert Lindemann , Ulrich Eisele , Carmen Schmiedel
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/417 , G01N27/419 , G01N27/407
CPC分类号： G01N27/417
摘要： A measuring sensor for determining oxygen content in a gas mixture including exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a base substrate which is comprised of a base material and which is electrically insulating; and an electrochemical measuring probe and an electrochemical reference probe arranged separate from each other on the base substrate. The measuring probe includes at least one internal electrode; at least one solid electrolyte island; and at least one external electrode. The measuring probe additionally includes a diffusion barrier. Further base material layers composed of the base material are provided so as to embed at least the diffusion barrier, the at least one internal electrodes for the measuring probe and the internal electrode for the reference probe. A diffusion hole is defined between the measuring probe and the reference probe which extends from the base substrate through the diffusion barrier and respective base material layers, and out to the gas mixture to be measured. Thermal stress and the accompanying tendency to cracking is reduced by providing the solid electrolyte as islands. Separate disposition of the measuring probe and the reference probe, i.e., without a common electrode, permits construction as individual layers using, for example, screen printing.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE95 / 01305 Sec。 371日期1996年3月21日 102（e）日期1996年3月21日PCT提交1995年9月22日PCT公布。公开号WO96 / 11394 日期1996年04月18日用于测定包括内燃机废气的气体混合物中的氧含量的测量传感器包括由基材构成并且是电绝缘的基底，以及在基底基板上彼此分离设置的电化学测量探针和电化学参考探针。测量探头包括至少一个内部电极; 至少一个固体电解质岛; 和至少一个外部电极。测量探头还包括扩散阻挡层。提供由基材构成的其他基材层，以便至少嵌入扩散阻挡层，至少一个用于测量探针的内部电极和用于参考探针的内部电极。在测量探针和参考探针之间限定了扩散孔，该探针从基底基底通过扩散阻挡层和相应的基底层层延伸出来，并且进入待测量的气体混合物。通过提供固体电解质作为岛来减少热应力和伴随的开裂倾向。测量探针和参考探针的单独布置，即没有公共电极，可以使用例如丝网印刷将结构设计为单独的层。

9. 发明授权

US5709786A Sintered solid electrolyte having a high oxygen-ion conductivity 失效
标题翻译：具有高氧离子传导性的烧结固体电解质
公开(公告)号：US5709786A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-20
申请号：US433460
申请日：1996-02-06
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , C04B35/00 , C04B35/48 , C04B35/486 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/622 , H01B1/06 , H01M6/20 , H01M6/36 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/1253 , H01M10/39 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 , C04B35/486 , C04B35/50 , H01M8/1246 , H01M4/905 , H01M8/1253 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A sintered layer system, includes an ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer which has a high oxygen ion conductivity and which is comprised of a solid electrolyte material comprising at least one oxide of tetravalent metals and at least one stabilizer oxide; and at least one functional layer which comprises a mixture of the solid electrolyte material and at least one further material, wherein the solid electrolyte material of the ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrolyte material of the at least one functional layer are comprised of nanocrystallites having a mean diameter of
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 01009 Sec。 371日期1996年2月6日 102（e）日期1996年2月6日PCT 1993年10月23日PCT公布。公开号WO94 / 11322 日期1994年5月26日一种烧结层系统包括离子导电固体电解质层，其具有高氧离子传导性，并且由包含至少一种四价金属氧化物和至少一种稳定剂氧化物的固体电解质材料构成; 以及至少一个功能层，其包含所述固体电解质材料和至少一种其它材料的混合物，其中所述离子传导固体电解质层的固体电解质材料和所述至少一个功能层的固体电解质材料包括平均直径<100纳米的纳米晶体。

10. 发明授权

US5314604A Sensor element for limit current sensors to determine the .lambda.-value of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于限制电流传感器的传感器元件，以确定气体混合物的λ值
公开(公告)号：US5314604A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US39135
申请日：1993-04-12
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Werner Gruenwald , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
IPC分类号： G01N27/419 , B01D53/86 , F02D41/14 , G01N27/26 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/41 , G01N27/417
CPC分类号： G01N27/417
摘要： A sensor element for broad band sensors to determine the .lambda.-value of gas mixtures is suggested. This sensor element can be manufactured in ceramic-sheet and screen-printing technology and is provided in the diffusion gap (7) downstream from a pair of pump electrodes (8,8"), arranged on both sides of the diffusion gasp (7), with a Nernst electrode (9) which functions as an exhaust gas electrode. Due to this arrangement of the Nernst electrode (9), it is possible in a simple manner to effectively protect the pump cell formed by the interior pump electrodes (8,8') from overload and to prevent falsification of the sensor signal.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE91 / 00752 Sec。 371日期：1993年4月12日 102（e）日期1993年4月12日PCT 1991年9月21日PCT PCT。公开号WO92 / 07252 日期：1992年4月30日。建议用于确定气体混合物的λ值的宽带传感器的传感器元件。该传感器元件可以以陶瓷片和丝网印刷技术制造，并且设置在布置在扩散气体（7）的两侧的一对泵电极（8,8“）下游的扩散间隙（7）中），其具有用作排气电极的能斯特电极（9）。由于能斯特电极（9）的这种布置，可以以简单的方式有效地保护由内部泵电极（8,8'）形成的泵电池免于过载并且防止传感器信号的伪造。

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