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1. 发明授权

US06881709B2 Viscosity reduction of viscoelastic surfactant based fluids 有权
公开(公告)号：US06881709B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-19
申请号：US09826127
申请日：2001-04-04
申请人： Erik B. Nelson , Bernhard Lungwitz , Keith Dismuke , Mathew Samuel , Golchi Salamat , Trevor Hughes , Jesse Lee , Philip Fletcher , Diankui Fu , Richard Hutchins , Michael Parris , Gary John Tustin
发明人： Erik B. Nelson , Bernhard Lungwitz , Keith Dismuke , Mathew Samuel , Golchi Salamat , Trevor Hughes , Jesse Lee , Philip Fletcher , Diankui Fu , Richard Hutchins , Michael Parris , Gary John Tustin
IPC分类号： C09K8/536 , C09K8/62 , C09K8/72 , C09K8/74 , C09K8/92 , E21B43/26 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： C09K8/92 , C09K8/536 , C09K8/62 , C09K8/72 , C09K8/74 , C09K2208/26 , Y10S507/921 , Y10S507/922
摘要： Methods and compositions are disclosed for controlled addition of components that decrease the viscosity of the viscoelastic surfactant fluids or for controlled changes in the electrolyte concentration or composition of the viscoelastic surfactant fluids. One aspect of the invention relates to the use of internal breakers with a delayed activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of precursors that release a breaking system such as alcohol by a process such as melting, slow dissolution, reaction with a compound present in the fluid or added to the fluid during or after the step of injecting, rupture of an encapsulating coating and de-adsorption of a breaking agent absorbed into solid particles. In another aspect of the invention, alcohols are included in a pad to reduce the low-shear viscosity and reduce the resistance to flow of the treatment fluids during a desired phase of the treatment.

2. 发明授权

US06613720B1 Delayed blending of additives in well treatment fluids 失效
标题翻译：在处理液中延迟混合添加剂
公开(公告)号：US06613720B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-02
申请号：US09688319
申请日：2000-10-13
申请人： Jean Pierre Feraud , Michael D. Parris , Richard D. Hutchins , Stanley Bruce McConnell , Erik B. Nelson , Keith Dismuke
发明人： Jean Pierre Feraud , Michael D. Parris , Richard D. Hutchins , Stanley Bruce McConnell , Erik B. Nelson , Keith Dismuke
IPC分类号： C09K700
CPC分类号： E21B43/16 , C09K8/62 , C09K8/685 , C09K8/74 , C09K2208/24 , C09K2208/30 , C09K2208/32 , E21B43/25 , E21B43/26 , Y10S507/902 , Y10S507/922 , Y10S507/925 , Y10S507/933 , Y10S507/939
摘要： The effect of various chemical or biological agents in well treatment fluids can be delayed by sequestering the agents in the discontinuous phase of an emulsion for a period of time, before the emulsion is destabilized by exposure to at least one of: (1) a change in temperature, (2) a change in pH, (3) a change in salinity, (4) a change in alcohol concentration, (5) a change in stabilizing surfactant concentration, (6) a change in organic ion concentration, (7) a change in destabilizing surfactant concentration, (8) a change in surfactant adsorbent material concentration, (9) an ultrasonic pulse, and (10) an electrical field. Upon exposure to the emulsion destabilizing condition, the agent sequestered in the discontinuous phase of the emulsion is released into the continuous phase of the fluid composition, where it can have its intended effect.
摘要翻译：在乳液通过暴露于以下至少一种不稳定之前，通过将乳剂的不连续相中的试剂隔离一段时间可以延迟各种化学或生物试剂在井处理液中的作用：（1）变化（2）pH变化，（3）盐度变化，（4）酒精浓度变化，（5）稳定表面活性剂浓度的变化，（6）有机离子浓度的变化，（7））表面活性剂浓度不稳定的变化，（8）表面活性剂吸附剂材料浓度的变化，（9）超声波脉冲和（10）电场。在暴露于乳化不稳定条件下，螯合在乳液的不连续相中的试剂被释放到流体组合物的连续相中，其可以具有其预期的效果。

3. 发明授权

US06435277B1 Compositions containing aqueous viscosifying surfactants and methods for applying such compositions in subterranean formations 有权
标题翻译：含有水性增粘表面活性剂的组合物和在地下地层中施用这种组合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US06435277B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09256980
申请日：1999-02-23
申请人： Qi Qu , Erik B. Nelson , Dean M. Willberg , Mathew M. Samuel , Jesse C. Lee, Jr. , Frank F. Chang , Roger J. Card , Palathinkara S. Vinod , J. Ernest Brown , Ronnie L. Thomas
发明人： Qi Qu , Erik B. Nelson , Dean M. Willberg , Mathew M. Samuel , Jesse C. Lee, Jr. , Frank F. Chang , Roger J. Card , Palathinkara S. Vinod , J. Ernest Brown , Ronnie L. Thomas
IPC分类号： E21B4326
CPC分类号： C09K8/68 , C09K8/74 , C09K2208/30 , E21B43/26 , Y10S507/923 , Y10S507/933
摘要： The improved recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations by hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation is accomplished. Fracturing fluids using a viscosifying surfactant fluid containing viscosifying micelles, for example, wormlike micelles, are useful to improve recovery of hydrocarbons and limit the loss of fracturing fluid into the formation fracture face. The invention further relates to novel fracturing and acidizing methods useful for increasing hydrocarbon production, limiting water production, resisting fracturing fluid loss into the subterranean formation, and reducing the equipment requirements in mixing and pumping fracturing fluid. The action of viscosifying micelles of surfactant in aqueous zones of the subterranean formation diverts fracturing fluid or acid from the aqueous zones to the hydrocarbon-bearing zones and also facilitates the flowback of increased amounts of hydrocarbons once a fractured well is placed back on production. These methods selectively block the pore structure in a water-bearing zone and do not blocking the pore structure of a hydrocarbon zone at the formation face. The step for selectively blocking forms a plug of a viscous fluid containing viscosifying micelles in the pore structure of the water-bearing zone at the formation face.
摘要翻译：通过水力压裂地下地层来改善地下地层烃类的回收。使用含有增粘胶束（例如蠕虫状胶束）的增粘表面活性剂流体的压裂液可用于改善烃的回收并限制压裂流体进入地层断裂面的损失。本发明还涉及用于增加碳氢化合物生产，限制水的产生，抵抗压裂液渗入地层的压裂和酸化方法，以及减少混合和泵送压裂液的设备要求。表面活性剂粘附在地下水层中的胶束的作用将压裂液或酸从含水区转移到含烃区，并且一旦断裂的井放回生产中，也有利于增加量的烃的回流。这些方法选择性地阻挡含水区中的孔结构，并且不阻塞在形成面上的烃区的孔结构。选择性阻塞的步骤在形成面上的含水区的孔结构中形成含有粘胶束的粘性流体塞。

4. 发明授权

US5964295A Methods and compositions for testing subterranean formations 失效
标题翻译：测试地下地层的方法和组成
公开(公告)号：US5964295A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-12
申请号：US727877
申请日：1996-10-09
申请人： J. Ernest Brown , Roger J. Card , Erik B. Nelson
发明人： J. Ernest Brown , Roger J. Card , Erik B. Nelson
IPC分类号： C09K8/62 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/74 , E21B43/17 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： C09K8/68 , C09K8/74 , C09K2208/30 , Y10S507/922 , Y10S507/923 , Y10S507/933
摘要： The improved recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations by hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation is accomplished. Fracturing fluids using a viscoelastic surfactant fluid containing wormlike micelles are useful to improve recovery of hydrocarbons and limit the loss of fracturing fluid into the formation fracture face. The invention further relates to novel fracturing methods useful for increasing hydrocarbon production, limiting connate water production, resisting fracturing fluid loss into the subterranean formation, and reducing the equipment requirements in mixing and pumping fracturing fluid. The action of micelles of surfactant in aqueous zones of the subterranean formation facilitates the flowback of increased amounts of hydrocarbons once a fractured well is placed back on production.
摘要翻译：通过水力压裂地下地层来改善地下地层烃类的回收。使用含有蠕虫状胶束的粘弹性表面活性剂流体的压裂液可用于改善烃的回收并限制压裂流体进入地层断裂面的损失。本发明还涉及用于增加碳氢化合物生产，限制合生水产生，抵抗压裂流体损失到地层中的新型压裂方法，以及降低混合和泵送压裂液体的设备要求。表面活性剂在地下水层的表面活性剂的作用有助于一旦断裂的井放回生产中，增加量的烃的回流。

5. 发明授权

US5421418A Apparatus and method for mixing polyacrylamide with brine in an annulus of a wellbore to prevent a cement-like mixture from fouling wellbore tools 失效
标题翻译：将聚丙烯酰胺与盐水混合在井眼环形中的装置和方法，以防止水泥状混合物污染井眼工具
公开(公告)号：US5421418A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-06
申请号：US267998
申请日：1994-06-28
申请人： Erik B. Nelson , Clifford L. Aseltine , James E. Brooks
发明人： Erik B. Nelson , Clifford L. Aseltine , James E. Brooks
IPC分类号： C09K8/12 , C09K8/88 , E21B43/117 , E21B43/119
CPC分类号： C09K8/882 , C09K8/12 , E21B43/117 , E21B43/1195
摘要： Prior to pumping completion brine fluid into a wellbore, an additive comprising two percent (2%) of a 0.25% solution of polyacrylamide is blended into the completion brine fluid thereby producing a treated brine fluid. This blending would be performed in tanks at the wellsite. The treated brine fluid is then pumed into the wellbore. In addition, or in the alternative, a new perforating gun stores the polyacrylamide additive composition. When the perforating gun detonates, the additive is disbursed into the completion brine fluid disposed in the annulus of the wellbore. For example, the new perforating gun may include a plurality of shaped charges coated with a lacquer of the polyacrylamide additive, or it may include one or more containers which contain the polyacrylamide additive. When the brine completion fluid is pumped into the wellbore annulus, a detonation wave conducts in a detonating cord of the perforating gun. The detonation wave passes through each of the containers. As a result, the containers will rupture and the plurality of shaped charges will detonate. Since the containers each ruptured, the polyacrylamide additive composition from the containers will be disbursed into the brine completion fluid in the annulus. In addition, or in the alternative, since the shaped charges of the new perforating gun were coated with a lacquer of the polyacrylamide composition, when the shaped charges detonated, the polyacrylamide composition on the zinc charge debris mixes with the brine fluid in the wellbore annulus. Zinc oxychloride hydrate debris is formed as a reaction product. However, the presence of the polyacrylamide additive in the zinc oxychloride hydrate debris will inhibit the formation of hardened chunks of a cement-like material in the annulus of the wellbore.
摘要翻译：在将完成的盐水流体泵送到井眼之前，将包含2％（2％）0.25％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液的添加剂掺入完成盐水流体中，从而产生经处理的盐水流体。这种混合将在井场的坦克中进行。然后将经处理的盐水流体泵入井眼。另外，或者替代地，新的穿孔枪存储聚丙烯酰胺添加剂组合物。当射孔枪引爆时，添加剂被分配到设置在井筒环形中的完成盐水流体中。例如，新的穿孔枪可以包括涂覆有聚丙烯酰胺添加剂的漆的多个成形电荷，或者它可以包括含有聚丙烯酰胺添加剂的一个或多个容器。当盐水完井液被泵送到井筒环中时，爆震波在射孔枪的引爆线中传导。爆轰波通过每个容器。结果，容器将破裂并且多个成形装料将引爆。由于容器各自破裂，来自容器的聚丙烯酰胺添加剂组合物将被分配到环空中的盐水完成流体中。另外或替代地，由于新的穿孔枪的成形装料涂覆有聚丙烯酰胺组合物的漆，当成形电荷引爆时，锌电荷碎片上的聚丙烯酰胺组合物与井筒环中的盐水流体混合。形成氧化锌水合物碎片作为反应产物。然而，在氯氧化锌水合物碎片中聚丙烯酰胺添加剂的存在将抑制在井眼的环空中形成水泥状材料的硬化块。

6. 发明授权

US4802534A Method and device for manipulating ferrofluids for use in cementing wells 失效
标题翻译：用于操纵用于固井的铁磁流体的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4802534A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-07
申请号：US92938
申请日：1987-09-04
申请人： David B. Larson , Erik B. Nelson
发明人： David B. Larson , Erik B. Nelson
IPC分类号： B01F13/08 , C04B14/30 , C04B14/34 , C04B28/02 , C04B40/02 , C09K8/42 , C09K8/46 , E21B33/14 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B33/13 , B01F13/0809 , C04B14/30 , C04B14/34 , C04B28/02 , C04B40/0209 , C09K8/42 , C09K8/46 , B01F2215/0081
摘要： A novel method and device for manipulating ferrofluids for use in cementing wells are disclosed. The cementitious fluids may comprise: (a) a hydraulic cement, (b) finely divided magnetic particles, (c) a binding agent or a surfactant, and (d) a liquid medium. The binding agent or surfactant is present in the compositions in an amount sufficient to render the compositions stable in a magnetic field. When used in cementing wells, the cementitious ferrofluids are implaced in the annulus separating a casing from the formation in a wellbore by conventional techniques and the slurry is subsequently subjected to an activating alternating magnetic field that causes movement of the flurry. The non-cementitious ferrofluids comprise: (a) finely divided magnetic particles, (b) stabilizing agent, and (c) a liquid medium. The movement of the slurry results in a "scrubbing" action against the surface of the casing and formation surfaces, and a mixing of the slurry which helps displace any residual drilling mud. The net result is better bonding of the cement to the casing and formation.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于操纵用于固井的铁磁流体的新颖方法和装置。水泥质流体可以包括：（a）水硬性水泥，（b）细碎的磁性颗粒，（c）粘合剂或表面活性剂，和（d）液体介质。粘合剂或表面活性剂以足以使组合物在磁场中稳定的量存在于组合物中。当在固井中使用时，水泥质铁磁流体通过常规技术嵌入到在井眼中将壳体与地层分离的环形空间中，并且随后使浆料经受引起湍流运动的活化交变磁场。非水泥质铁磁流体包括：（a）细分磁性颗粒，（b）稳定剂和（c）液体介质。浆料的运动导致针对壳体和地层表面的“擦洗”作用，以及浆液的混合，其有助于移动任何残留的钻井泥浆。最终的结果是水泥与套管和地层的粘结更好。

7. 发明授权

US08119668B2 Treatment methods employing histamine H3 receptor antagonists, including betahistine 有权
标题翻译：使用组胺H3受体拮抗剂（包括betahistine）的治疗方法
公开(公告)号：US08119668B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-21
申请号：US12158778
申请日：2006-12-26
申请人： Erik B. Nelson , Floyd R. Sallee
发明人： Erik B. Nelson , Floyd R. Sallee
IPC分类号： A61K31/4402
CPC分类号： A61K31/4172
摘要： Methods of treating depression, binge eating disorder, narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness, substance use disorders, and Prader Willi syndrome, disorders characterized at least in part by hypocortisolemia and decreased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and disorders related to disturbances in circadian rhythm, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a histamine type 3 (Bb) receptor antagonist, such as betahistine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or its metabolites to an individual.
摘要翻译：治疗抑郁症，狂饮饮食障碍，发作性睡眠，白天嗜睡，物质使用障碍和Prader Willi综合征的方法至少部分地由低皮质醇降低和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺素（HPA）轴的活性降低的疾病和相关疾病包括向个体施用有效量的组胺3型（Bb）受体拮抗剂如betahistine或其药学上可接受的盐或其代谢物的步骤。

8. 发明授权

US06908888B2 Viscosity reduction of viscoelastic surfactant based fluids 有权
标题翻译：粘弹性表面活性剂基液体的粘度降低
公开(公告)号：US06908888B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-21
申请号：US10194522
申请日：2002-07-12
申请人： Jesse C. Lee , Erik B. Nelson
发明人： Jesse C. Lee , Erik B. Nelson
IPC分类号： C09K8/536 , C09K8/62 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/70 , C09K8/74 , C09K8/92 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： C09K8/805 , C09K8/536 , C09K8/62 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/706 , C09K8/74 , C09K8/92 , C09K2208/26 , C09K2208/30 , Y10S507/921
摘要： Methods and compositions are disclosed for controlled addition of components that decrease the viscosity of the viscoelastic surfactant fluids or for controlled changes in the electrolyte concentration or composition of the viscoelastic surfactant fluids. One aspect of the invention relates to the use of internal breakers with a delayed activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of precursors that release a breaking system such as alcohol by a process such as melting, slow dissolution, reaction with a compound present in the fluid or added to the fluid during or after the step of injecting, rupture of an encapsulating coating and de-adsorption of a breaking agent absorbed into solid particles. In another aspect of the invention, alcohols are included in a pad to reduce the low-shear viscosity and reduce the resistance to flow of the treatment fluids during a desired phase of the treatment.
摘要翻译：公开了用于控制添加降低粘弹性表面活性剂流体的粘度的组分或用于控制粘弹性表面活性剂流体的电解质浓度或组成的变化的方法和组合物。本发明的一个方面涉及使用具有延迟活化的内部断路器。本发明的另一方面涉及使用通过诸如熔化，缓慢溶解，与存在于流体中的化合物反应或在注射步骤期间或之后添加到流体中的方法来释放破碎系统如醇的前体，封装涂层的破裂和吸附在固体颗粒中的破坏剂的去吸附。在本发明的另一方面，醇包含在垫中以降低低剪切粘度并降低处理流体在期望的处理阶段期间的流动阻力。

9. 发明授权

US5981446A Apparatus, compositions, and methods of employing particulates as fracturing fluid compositions in subterranean formations 失效
$Apparatus, compositions, and methods of employing particulates as fracturing fluid compositions in subterranean formations$
标题翻译：在地下地层中使用颗粒物作为压裂液组合物的装置，组合物和方法
公开(公告)号：US5981446A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US891320
申请日：1997-07-09
申请人： Xiaoping Qiu , Erik B. Nelson , Philip F. Sullivan , Vernon Constien
发明人： Xiaoping Qiu , Erik B. Nelson , Philip F. Sullivan , Vernon Constien
IPC分类号： C09K8/64 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/70 , C09K3/00 , E21B43/17
CPC分类号： B01F3/1228 , B01F13/0035 , B01F3/0861 , B01F5/0256 , C09K8/64 , C09K8/685 , C09K8/703 , B01F5/0413 , Y10S507/922
摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for fracturing subterranean formations using fracturing fluids that are hydrated from dry mix blends. One aspect of the invention comprises a dry blended particulate composition for hydraulic fracturing comprising a particulate hydratable polysaccharide, a particulate crosslinking agent, and a slowly releasing particulate base. The compositions employ controlled release methods of particle dissolution. The invention reveals a dry blended particulate composition capable of significantly improved high temperature stability. Further, methods of fracturing and apparatus for rapidly hydrating and pumping the fracturing fluid into subterranean formations are disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了使用从干混混合物中水合的压裂液来压裂地下地层的方法和装置。本发明的一个方面包括用于水力压裂的干混颗粒组合物，其包含颗粒状可水合多糖，颗粒交联剂和缓慢释放的颗粒基料。该组合物采用控制释放的颗粒溶解方法。本发明揭示了能够显着提高高温稳定性的干混颗粒组合物。此外，公开了压裂方法和用于将压裂液快速水合和泵送到地层中的装置。

10. 发明授权

US5445223A Delayed borate crosslinked fracturing fluid having increased temperature range 失效
$Delayed borate crosslinked fracturing fluid having increased temperature range$
标题翻译：延迟的硼酸盐交联压裂液具有升高的温度范围
公开(公告)号：US5445223A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-29
申请号：US213640
申请日：1994-03-15
申请人： Erik B. Nelson , Kay E. Cawiezel , Vernon G. Constien
发明人： Erik B. Nelson , Kay E. Cawiezel , Vernon G. Constien
IPC分类号： C09K8/68 , E21B43/26 , E21B43/267
CPC分类号： C09K8/685 , Y10S507/922 , Y10S507/924
摘要： The crosslinking of galactomannan gum fracturing fluids by borate ion is delayed for high-temperature applications by encapsulating the boron with a polymer coating. The crosslink-delay time is further adjusted by varying the concentration of an organic polyol. The polyol also acts as a stabilizer for the crosslinked fluid at elevated temperatures. Low pumping friction pressures are achieved by the delay in the crosslinking with the boron available at high temperatures to add high temperature stability to the fracturing fluid at temperatures ranging up to about 350.degree. F.
摘要翻译：通过用聚合物涂层包覆硼，通过硼酸根离子交联半乳甘露聚糖胶体压裂液被延迟用于高温应用。通过改变有机多元醇的浓度进一步调节交联延迟时间。多元醇还用作交联流体在升高的温度下的稳定剂。通过在高温下可用的硼的交联延迟来实现低泵送摩擦压力，以在高达约350°F的温度下向压裂液添加高温稳定性。

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