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1. 发明授权

US4431612A Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like 失效
标题翻译：用于分解有害物质等的装置
公开(公告)号：US4431612A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US384613
申请日：1982-06-03
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： C10B19/00 , C10B49/14 , C10B53/00 , F23G5/10 , F27D11/10 , C01B13/11
CPC分类号： F27D11/10 , C10B19/00 , C10B49/14 , C10B53/00 , F23G5/10 , F23G2208/10 , F23G2900/51001 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A method and apparatus for the destruction of PCBs and other hazardous material utilizes a gas-tight chamber (18) which includes a high current DC arc (72). The chamber (18) is adapted to receive the PCBs or other hazardous material and includes a sump (20) which contains a molten bath (22). Inlet means (24, 26, 28) are provided for introducing the hazardous material into the chamber (18) and into contact with the molten bath (22) for initial decomposition into a molten product and a gaseous product. Electrode means (66, 68) are provided for maintaining the DC arc (72) at a current level sufficient to promote decomposition of the PCBs or other hazardous material. The gaseous product is passed in the proximity of the arc (72) for producing a decomposed gaseous product which is relatively harmless. The system is capable of decomposition of solid, liquid and gaseous PCBs, as well as other hazardous material.
摘要翻译：用于破坏PCB和其它危险材料的方法和装置利用包括高电流DC电弧（72）的气密室（18）。腔室（18）适于容纳PCB或其它危险材料，并且包括容纳熔融浴（22）的贮槽（20）。提供入口装置（24,26,28），用于将有害物质引入室（18）并与熔融浴（22）接触，以便初始分解成熔融产物和气态产物。提供电极装置（66,68），用于将DC电弧（72）保持在足以促进PCB或其它危险材料分解的电流水平。气体产物在电弧（72）附近通过，用于产生相对无害的分解的气态产物。该系统能够分解固体，液体和气体的PCB以及其他有害物质。

2. 发明授权

US4382469A Method of in situ gasification 失效
标题翻译：原位气化方法
公开(公告)号：US4382469A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US242277
申请日：1981-03-10
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： E21B36/00 , E21B43/24 , E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/295 , E21B36/00 , E21B36/001 , E21B43/2401 , Y10S166/902
摘要： Gas is produced in situ from an underground formation of carbonaceous material by passing a controlled direct electrical current through the formation.
摘要翻译：通过使受控的直流电通过地层，从地下碳质材料地层原位产生气体。

3. 发明授权

US4516608A Tubular member 失效
标题翻译：管状构件
公开(公告)号：US4516608A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US427712
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： E21B17/00 , F16L9/14 , F16L9/10 , F16L11/18
CPC分类号： F16L9/14 , E21B17/00
摘要： An elongated tubular member for use in connection with a subterranean well, such as deep bore oil well, is comprised of at least two annular layers which may be bonded together. The first annular layer is comprised of a fiber reinforced organic resin material and the second layer is comprised of a refractory material. The two layers combined to provide an inexpensive, lightweight tubular member having relatively high compressive strength.
摘要翻译：用于与地下井（例如深孔油井）结合使用的细长管状构件包括至少两个可以结合在一起的环形层。第一环形层由纤维增强有机树脂材料组成，第二层由耐火材料构成。两层结合，提供具有较高抗压强度的廉价轻便的管状构件。

4. 发明授权

US4495990A Apparatus for passing electrical current through an underground formation 失效
标题翻译：用于使电流通过地下地层的装置
公开(公告)号：US4495990A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-29
申请号：US427708
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： E21B43/24 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401
摘要： An apparatus for passing electrical current from a D.C. power source through an underground formation in the extraction of carbonaceous fluids from beneath the earth's surface comprises an anode and a cathode remote from the anode. The anode is comprised of a containment positioned proximate to the underground formation within which is placed layers of material suitable for conduction. First conductor means connect the conduction material and the first terminal of the D.C. power source. The cathode is comprised of a wire screen housing of electrically conductive material which is supported within a well bore proximate to the underground formation. Second conductor means connects the wire screen housing to the second terminal of the D.C. power source. Electrical current from the power source is passed along the first conductor means, through the anode, through the underground formation, through the cathode and back to the power source through the second conductor means.
摘要翻译：一种用于在来自地下表面提取含碳流体的地方将来自直流电源的电流通过地下地层的装置包括远离阳极的阳极和阴极。阳极由位于地下地层附近的容纳物组成，其中放置适于传导的材料层。第一导体意味着连接导电材料和直流电源的第一端子。阴极由导电材料的丝网外壳组成，其被支撑在靠近地下地层的井眼内。第二导体装置将丝网外壳连接到直流电源的第二端。来自电源的电流沿着第一导体装置通过阳极通过地下地层通过阴极并通过第二导体装置返回到电源。

5. 发明授权

US4473114A In situ method for yielding a gas from a subsurface formation of hydrocarbon material 失效
标题翻译：从烃类材料的地下构造产生气体的原位方法
公开(公告)号：US4473114A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-25
申请号：US427714
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： E21B36/00 , E21B43/24 , E21B36/04
CPC分类号： E21B43/295 , E21B36/00 , E21B36/001 , E21B43/2401 , Y10S166/902
摘要： Gas is yielded and may be subsequently withdrawn from a subsurface formation of hydrocarbon material by passing a controlled amount of current from a direct source through the formation. The gas produced by this process has a high quality Btu content and is produced, in situ, under relatively moderate operating conditions. Furthermore, the gas yielded by this method has a reduced amount of hydrogen sulfide present therein.
摘要翻译：产生气体，并且可以随后通过将受控量的电流从直接源通过地层从碳氢化合物材料的地下地层中取出。通过该方法生产的气体具有高质量的Btu含量，并且在相对适度的操作条件下原位生产。此外，通过该方法产生的气体具有减少的存在于其中的硫化氢的量。

6. 发明授权

US4367132A Method for removing liquid from chemically-precipitated sludge 失效
标题翻译：从化学沉淀污泥中去除液体的方法
公开(公告)号：US4367132A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-04
申请号：US181725
申请日：1980-08-27
申请人： Christy W. Bell , John K. Wittle , Charles H. Titus
发明人： Christy W. Bell , John K. Wittle , Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： B01D21/00 , B01D57/02 , C02F11/12 , B01D13/02
CPC分类号： B01D61/56 , B01D21/0009 , B01D57/02
摘要： Direct electrical current is passed through a chemically precipitated industrial wastewater sludge to enhance the settling rate, filterability, and dewatering of the sludge.
摘要翻译：直接电流通过化学沉淀的工业废水污泥，以提高污泥的沉降速率，过滤性和脱水性。

7. 发明授权

US6066825A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 有权
标题翻译：在废物处理系统生产电力过程中，低NOx排放的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US6066825A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US207442
申请日：1998-12-08
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.
摘要翻译：提供了高效发电和低氧氮（NOx）排放的方法和装置。电力是由在废物转化装置中产生的富氢气体的燃烧产生的，其使用相对于内燃机发电机中的化学计量运行的0.4-0.7的超稀燃料与空气的比例，或者在燃气轮机中进行超精馏运行，以确保最小生产污染物如NOx。超精馏操作也提高了内燃机的效率。也可采用高压缩比（r = 12〜15）来进一步提高内燃机的效率。诸如天然气或柴油的补充燃料可以直接添加到用于与在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体一起燃烧的内燃机发电机或燃气轮机。此外，补充燃料可以重新变成等离子体燃料转化器中的富氢气体，然后被引入内燃机发电机或用于燃烧的燃气轮机以及补充燃料和在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体。废物转化单元的优选实施例是完全集成的可调谐等离子体焦耳加热熔化器，其具有共同的熔池和电源电路，其可以同时操作而彼此不会有相互影响。在该实施例中，焦耳加热的熔化器能够将材料保持在具有足够导电性的熔融状态，以允许快速重新启动转移的电弧等离子体。

8. 发明授权

US06018471A Methods and apparatus for treating waste 失效
公开(公告)号：US06018471A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-25
申请号：US39580
申请日：1998-03-16
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , H02M7/06
CPC分类号： B01D53/34 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , C10K3/04 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2200/15 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1276 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/1646 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02P40/59 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32
摘要： Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for switching between AC and DC power. The arc plasma electrodes can also be configured for independent arc voltage and arc current control. The joule heating circuits are configured for simultaneous operation with the arcing electrodes, but without detrimental interaction with the arcing electrodes. The systems provide stable, non-leachable products and a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel can be utilized in a combustion or non-combustion process to generate electricity.

9. 发明授权

US5908564A Tunable, self-powered arc plasma-melter electro conversion system for waste treatment and resource recovery 失效
标题翻译：可调谐的自供电电弧等离子体电转换系统，用于废物处理和资源回收
公开(公告)号：US5908564A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US911408
申请日：1997-08-14
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides a relatively compact self-powered, tunable waste conversion system and apparatus which has the advantage of highly robust operation which provides complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The system provides the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or by an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a self-powered or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种相对紧凑的自供电的可调谐废物转化系统和装置，其具有高度鲁棒的操作的优点，其提供了将广泛范围的废物流完全或基本上完全转化为有用气体和稳定的不可漂移的固体产物单一位置大大减少空气污染，以达到空气质量标准。该系统提供了高效率地将废物转化为高质量可燃气体并通过利用高效燃气轮机或内燃机将气体高效转化为电能的能力。固体产品可适用于各种商业应用。或者，作为安全，稳定的材料的固体产物流可以作为有害材料而没有特别考虑而被处理。在本发明的优选实施例中，电弧等离子体炉和焦耳加热的熔化器形成为具有共同熔池的完全集成的单元，其具有用于电弧等离子体和单元的焦耳加热部分的同时独立可控操作的电路布置而不会互相干扰。另外可以减少或不进一步使用由转化过程产生的气体来使用该装置。该设备可以用作自供电或净电产生单元，其中使用辅助燃料提供所需的电力生产水平。

10. 发明授权

US5847353A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US5847353A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693425
申请日：1996-08-07
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.

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