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1. 发明授权

US4431612A Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like 失效
标题翻译：用于分解有害物质等的装置
公开(公告)号：US4431612A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US384613
申请日：1982-06-03
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： C10B19/00 , C10B49/14 , C10B53/00 , F23G5/10 , F27D11/10 , C01B13/11
CPC分类号： F27D11/10 , C10B19/00 , C10B49/14 , C10B53/00 , F23G5/10 , F23G2208/10 , F23G2900/51001 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A method and apparatus for the destruction of PCBs and other hazardous material utilizes a gas-tight chamber (18) which includes a high current DC arc (72). The chamber (18) is adapted to receive the PCBs or other hazardous material and includes a sump (20) which contains a molten bath (22). Inlet means (24, 26, 28) are provided for introducing the hazardous material into the chamber (18) and into contact with the molten bath (22) for initial decomposition into a molten product and a gaseous product. Electrode means (66, 68) are provided for maintaining the DC arc (72) at a current level sufficient to promote decomposition of the PCBs or other hazardous material. The gaseous product is passed in the proximity of the arc (72) for producing a decomposed gaseous product which is relatively harmless. The system is capable of decomposition of solid, liquid and gaseous PCBs, as well as other hazardous material.
摘要翻译：用于破坏PCB和其它危险材料的方法和装置利用包括高电流DC电弧（72）的气密室（18）。腔室（18）适于容纳PCB或其它危险材料，并且包括容纳熔融浴（22）的贮槽（20）。提供入口装置（24,26,28），用于将有害物质引入室（18）并与熔融浴（22）接触，以便初始分解成熔融产物和气态产物。提供电极装置（66,68），用于将DC电弧（72）保持在足以促进PCB或其它危险材料分解的电流水平。气体产物在电弧（72）附近通过，用于产生相对无害的分解的气态产物。该系统能够分解固体，液体和气体的PCB以及其他有害物质。

2. 发明授权

US4382469A Method of in situ gasification 失效
标题翻译：原位气化方法
公开(公告)号：US4382469A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US242277
申请日：1981-03-10
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： E21B36/00 , E21B43/24 , E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/295 , E21B36/00 , E21B36/001 , E21B43/2401 , Y10S166/902
摘要： Gas is produced in situ from an underground formation of carbonaceous material by passing a controlled direct electrical current through the formation.
摘要翻译：通过使受控的直流电通过地层，从地下碳质材料地层原位产生气体。

3. 发明授权

US4495990A Apparatus for passing electrical current through an underground formation 失效
标题翻译：用于使电流通过地下地层的装置
公开(公告)号：US4495990A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-29
申请号：US427708
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： E21B43/24 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401
摘要： An apparatus for passing electrical current from a D.C. power source through an underground formation in the extraction of carbonaceous fluids from beneath the earth's surface comprises an anode and a cathode remote from the anode. The anode is comprised of a containment positioned proximate to the underground formation within which is placed layers of material suitable for conduction. First conductor means connect the conduction material and the first terminal of the D.C. power source. The cathode is comprised of a wire screen housing of electrically conductive material which is supported within a well bore proximate to the underground formation. Second conductor means connects the wire screen housing to the second terminal of the D.C. power source. Electrical current from the power source is passed along the first conductor means, through the anode, through the underground formation, through the cathode and back to the power source through the second conductor means.
摘要翻译：一种用于在来自地下表面提取含碳流体的地方将来自直流电源的电流通过地下地层的装置包括远离阳极的阳极和阴极。阳极由位于地下地层附近的容纳物组成，其中放置适于传导的材料层。第一导体意味着连接导电材料和直流电源的第一端子。阴极由导电材料的丝网外壳组成，其被支撑在靠近地下地层的井眼内。第二导体装置将丝网外壳连接到直流电源的第二端。来自电源的电流沿着第一导体装置通过阳极通过地下地层通过阴极并通过第二导体装置返回到电源。

4. 发明授权

US4473114A In situ method for yielding a gas from a subsurface formation of hydrocarbon material 失效
标题翻译：从烃类材料的地下构造产生气体的原位方法
公开(公告)号：US4473114A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-25
申请号：US427714
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , John K. Wittle
IPC分类号： E21B36/00 , E21B43/24 , E21B36/04
CPC分类号： E21B43/295 , E21B36/00 , E21B36/001 , E21B43/2401 , Y10S166/902
摘要： Gas is yielded and may be subsequently withdrawn from a subsurface formation of hydrocarbon material by passing a controlled amount of current from a direct source through the formation. The gas produced by this process has a high quality Btu content and is produced, in situ, under relatively moderate operating conditions. Furthermore, the gas yielded by this method has a reduced amount of hydrogen sulfide present therein.
摘要翻译：产生气体，并且可以随后通过将受控量的电流从直接源通过地层从碳氢化合物材料的地下地层中取出。通过该方法生产的气体具有高质量的Btu含量，并且在相对适度的操作条件下原位生产。此外，通过该方法产生的气体具有减少的存在于其中的硫化氢的量。

5. 发明授权

US4367132A Method for removing liquid from chemically-precipitated sludge 失效
标题翻译：从化学沉淀污泥中去除液体的方法
公开(公告)号：US4367132A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-04
申请号：US181725
申请日：1980-08-27
申请人： Christy W. Bell , John K. Wittle , Charles H. Titus
发明人： Christy W. Bell , John K. Wittle , Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： B01D21/00 , B01D57/02 , C02F11/12 , B01D13/02
CPC分类号： B01D61/56 , B01D21/0009 , B01D57/02
摘要： Direct electrical current is passed through a chemically precipitated industrial wastewater sludge to enhance the settling rate, filterability, and dewatering of the sludge.
摘要翻译：直接电流通过化学沉淀的工业废水污泥，以提高污泥的沉降速率，过滤性和脱水性。

6. 发明授权

US4382341A Method for drying drilling mud 失效
标题翻译：钻井泥浆干燥方法
公开(公告)号：US4382341A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US207992
申请日：1980-11-18
申请人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , Robert Y. Pogontchef
发明人： Christy W. Bell , Charles H. Titus , Robert Y. Pogontchef
IPC分类号： E21B21/06 , E21B41/00 , F26B3/347 , H05B3/60 , F26B5/00
CPC分类号： E21B21/06 , E21B41/005 , F26B3/347 , H05B3/60
摘要： Direct electric current is passed through drilling mud contained in an earthen mud pit to dry the mud, thereby providing a safe and environmentally acceptable means for disposal of the mud.
摘要翻译：直接电流通过包含在泥土泥坑中的钻井泥浆来干燥泥浆，从而为处理泥浆提供安全和环境可接受的手段。

7. 发明授权

US07325604B2 Method for enhancing oil production using electricity 有权
标题翻译：使用电力提高石油生产的方法
公开(公告)号：US07325604B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-05
申请号：US11091240
申请日：2005-03-28
申请人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： E21B43/24
CPC分类号： E21B43/16 , E21B43/2401
摘要： A method of enhancing oil production from an oil bearing formation includes the steps of providing a first borehole in a first region of the formation and a second borehole in a second region of the formation. A first electrode is positioned in the first borehole in the first region, and a second electrode is positioned in proximity to the second borehole in the second region. A voltage difference is established between the first and second electrodes to create an electric field across the plugging materials. The electric field is applied to destabilize the plugging materials and improve oil flow through the formation.
摘要翻译：一种从含油地层提高产油量的方法包括以下步骤：在地层的第一区域中提供第一钻孔，在地层的第二区域中提供第二钻孔。第一电极位于第一区域中的第一钻孔中，并且第二电极位于第二区域中的第二钻孔附近。在第一和第二电极之间建立电压差以在封堵材料上产生电场。施加电场以使堵塞材料不稳定并改善通过地层的油流。

8. 发明授权

US07322409B2 Method and system for producing methane gas from methane hydrate formations 失效
标题翻译：从甲烷水合物地层生产甲烷气体的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07322409B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-29
申请号：US11047515
申请日：2005-01-31
申请人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： E21B43/24
CPC分类号： E21B43/16 , E21B43/2401 , E21B2043/0115
摘要： A system for producing gas from a gas hydrate formation includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is disposed in proximity of a first region of the formation, and the second electrode is disposed within a second region of the formation. The second electrode is separated from the first electrode by an electro-conductive path through the formation. An extraction well extends within the formation and intersects the electro-conductive path. The well comprises one or more perforations in fluid communication with the formation. A voltage source is connected to the electrodes and operates to produce a voltage difference across the electrodes. A method for extracting gases from a gas hydrate formation includes the step of establishing a voltage difference across two or more electrodes in a hydrate formation to thermally react with the hydrate formation and release gas from the formation.
摘要翻译：用于从气体水合物生成气体的系统包括第一电极和第二电极。第一电极设置在地层的第一区域附近，并且第二电极设置在地层的第二区域内。第二电极通过穿过地层的导电路径与第一电极分离。提取井在地层内延伸并与导电路径相交。该井包括与地层流体连通的一个或多个穿孔。电压源连接到电极并且操作以在电极之间产生电压差。从天然气水合物层中提取气体的方法包括在水合物形成中的两个或多个电极之间建立电压差以与水合物形成热反应并从地层释放气体的步骤。

9. 发明授权

US06877556B2 Electrochemical process for effecting redox-enhanced oil recovery 有权
标题翻译：用于实现氧化还原强化采油的电化学工艺
公开(公告)号：US06877556B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-12
申请号：US10279431
申请日：2002-10-24
申请人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： E21B43/22 , E21B43/16 , E21B43/24
CPC分类号： E21B43/16 , E21B43/2401 , E21B2043/0115
摘要： A method is provided for recovering oil from a subterranean oil-bearing formation. One or more pairs of electrodes are inserted into the ground in proximity to a body of oil in said formation. A voltage difference is then established between the electrodes to create an electric field in the oil-bearing formation. As voltage is applied, the current is manipulated to induce oxidation and reduction reactions in components of the oil. The oxidation and reduction reactions lower the viscosity in the oil and thereby reduce capillary resistance to oil flow so that the oil can be removed at an extraction well.
摘要翻译：提供了一种从地下含油层回收油的方法。一对或多对电极在所述地层中的油体附近插入地面。然后在电极之间建立电压差以在含油地层中产生电场。当施加电压时，操作电流以在油的组分中引发氧化和还原反应。氧化和还原反应降低了油中的粘度，从而降低了对油流的毛细管阻力，从而可以在萃取井中除去油。

10. 发明授权

US06486376B2 Electrochemical system and method for rendering contaminated electrically conductive material nonhazardous 失效
标题翻译：电化学系统和使污染的导电材料无危险的方法
公开(公告)号：US06486376B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09736962
申请日：2000-12-14
申请人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
发明人： J. Kenneth Wittle , Christy W. Bell
IPC分类号： C25C122
CPC分类号： A62D3/11 , A62D2101/45 , A62D2101/49
摘要： An electrokinetic method is disclosed for treating an electrically conductive material including hazardous contaminants, e.g. spent pot liner (SPL), to render such material non-hazardous.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于处理包括有害污染物的导电材料的电动方法，例如，废锅内衬（SPL），使这种材料无危险。

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