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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Dimmable and non-dimmable electronic ballast for plural fluorescent lamps
    • 可调光和不可调光的电子镇流器用于多个荧光灯
    • US6100644A
    • 2000-08-08
    • US301803
    • 1999-04-29
    • Charles H. Titus
    • Charles H. Titus
    • H05B41/285H05B41/392H05B37/00
    • H05B41/3925H05B41/2851
    • An electronic ballast has a unique inverter design which eliminates a large percentage of the required components, thereby simplifying and increasing the reliability of the ballast, while decreasing its costs. The ballast can operate both as a non-dimmable ballast and a dimmable ballast. The ballast can provide power for either two or four fluorescent lamps in a single light fixture, or for a plurality of such light fixtures connected in a daisy chain fashion. The ballast incorporates additional safety and protection features which are not available in existing ballasts, such removing the lethal danger of the 50/60 Hz power that is typically present at the lamps during lamp replacement. Furthermore, the electronic ballast supplies a constant high frequency output voltage to the light fixture independent of the frequency. There is very little distributed capacitance at the connections from the electronic ballast to the lamps. This feature eliminates points of resonances over the range of frequencies for dimming, thereby eliminating sudden changes in brightness as the frequency is varied.
    • 电子镇流器具有独特的逆变器设计,消除了所需部件的大部分,从而简化并提高了镇流器的可靠性,同时降低了其成本。 镇流器可以作为不可调光镇流器和可调光镇流器工作。 镇流器可以为单个灯具中的两个或四个荧光灯提供电力,或者以菊花链方式连接的多个这样的灯具。 镇流器具有额外的安全和保护功能,这些功能在现有的镇流器中不可用,从而消除了在灯更换期间通常存在于灯处的50/60 Hz功率的致命危险。 此外,电子镇流器独立于频率,向灯具提供恒定的高频输出电压。 在从电子镇流器到灯的连接处,分布电容很小。 该功能消除了调频范围内的谐振点,从而消除了频率变化时亮度的突然变化。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Rapid response plasma fuel converter systems
    • 快速响应等离子体燃料转换器系统
    • US5887554A
    • 1999-03-30
    • US589118
    • 1996-01-19
    • Daniel R. CohnAlexander RabinovichCharles H. Titus
    • Daniel R. CohnAlexander RabinovichCharles H. Titus
    • F02B25/12F02B43/10F02B51/00
    • F02M25/12F02B43/10F02B51/00F02B2043/106Y02T10/121Y02T10/32Y10S123/12
    • Systems for producing hydrogen-rich gases including rapid response plasma fuel converters are provided. The rapid response plasma fuel converters systems are suitable for use in vehicles and the like in which the systems are capable of instantaneously providing hydrogen-rich gas, reducing pollutants during vehicle startup and allowing use of hydrogen-rich gas during load changes. The systems are preferably capable of responding on the order of a second or less. The systems include a plasma fuel converter for receiving hydrocarbon fuel and reforming the hydrocarbon fuel into a hydrogen-rich gas, an internal combustion engine adapted to receive the hydrogen-rich gas from the plasma fuel converter, a generator powered by the engine and connected to deliver electrical energy to power the plasma fuel converter, and a power supply circuit capable of rapidly providing power to the plasma fuel converter in response to a stimulus. The stimulus can be movement in the accelerator pedal controlled by the driver of the vehicle. The plasma fuel converters can be operated pulsed or non-pulsed modes of operation and can utilize arc or high frequency discharges. The plasma fuel converter can be either separated from the engine or directly integrated into the engine to allow for more efficient use of the thermal energy produced by the plasma fuel converter.
    • 提供了包括快速响应等离子体燃料转换器的富氢气体生产系统。 快速响应的等离子体燃料转化器系统适用于车辆等,其中系统能够瞬时提供富氢气体,减少车辆起动期间的污染物,并允许在负载变化期间使用富氢气体。 这些系统优选地能够响应于第二次或更少次的顺序。 该系统包括用于接收烃燃料并将烃燃料重整成富氢气体的等离子体燃料转化器,适于从等离子体燃料转换器接收富氢气体的内燃机,由发动机供电并连接到 提供电能以为等离子体燃料转换器供电,以及能够响应于刺激而向等离子体燃料转换器快速提供电力的电源电路。 刺激可以是由车辆驾驶员控制的加速器踏板中的运动。 等离子体燃料转换器可以操作脉冲或非脉冲操作模式,并且可以利用电弧或高频放电。 等离子体燃料转换器可以与发动机分离或直接集成到发动机中,以便更有效地利用由等离子体燃料转换器产生的热能。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Self-calibrated active pyrometer for furnace temperature measurements
    • 自校准的有源高温计用于炉温测量
    • US5785426A
    • 1998-07-28
    • US539818
    • 1995-10-06
    • Paul P. WoskovDaniel R. CohnCharles H. TitusJeffrey E. Surma
    • Paul P. WoskovDaniel R. CohnCharles H. TitusJeffrey E. Surma
    • G01R29/08G01J5/46G01J5/52G01K11/00G01K11/12G01K17/00G01J5/08G01J5/62
    • G01K11/006G01J5/522G01K11/12G01K17/003
    • Pyrometer with a probe beam superimposed on its field-of-view for furnace temperature measurements. The pyrometer includes a heterodyne millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave receiver including a millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave source for probing. The receiver is adapted to receive radiation from a surface whose temperature is to be measured. The radiation includes a surface emission portion and a surface reflection portion which includes the probe beam energy reflected from the surface. The surface emission portion is related to the surface temperature and the surface reflection portion is related to the emissivity of the surface. The simultaneous measurement of surface emissivity serves as a real time calibration of the temperature measurement. In an alternative embodiment, a translatable base plate and a visible laser beam allow slow mapping out of interference patterns and obtaining peak values therefor. The invention also includes a waveguide having a replaceable end portion, an insulating refractory sleeve and/or a source of inert gas flow. The pyrometer may be used in conjunction with a waveguide to form a system for temperature measurements in a furnace. The system may employ a chopper or alternatively, be constructed without a chopper. The system may also include an auxiliary reflector for surface emissivity measurements.
    • 测高仪用探针光束叠加在其视场上进行炉温测量。 高温计包括外差毫米/亚毫米波或微波接收器,其包括用于探测的毫米/亚毫米波或微波源。 接收器适于接收来自待测温度的表面的辐射。 辐射包括表面发射部分和包括从表面反射的探测光束能量的表面反射部分。 表面发射部分与表面温度有关,表面反射部分与表面的发射率有关。 表面发射率的同时测量可作为温度测量的实时校准。 在替代实施例中,可平移底板和可见激光束允许从干涉图案中缓慢映射并获得其峰值。 本发明还包括具有可更换端部,绝缘耐火套和/或惰性气流源的波导。 高温计可以与波导结合使用以形成用于炉中的温度测量的系统。 该系统可以采用斩波器或替代地,在没有斩波器的情况下构建。 该系统还可以包括用于表面发射率测量的辅助反射器。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Gas turbine electrical power generation scheme utilizing remotely
located fuel sites
    • 燃气轮机发电方案利用远程位置的燃料
    • US5550410A
    • 1996-08-27
    • US284148
    • 1994-08-02
    • Charles H. Titus
    • Charles H. Titus
    • H02J3/36H02J3/38H02K7/18F01D15/10F02C6/00F02D29/06
    • H02J3/36H02J3/38Y02E60/60Y10S174/15Y10S174/18
    • A remote electrical energy generating and distribution system is provided wherein a plurality of combustion turbine generators are located at respective remote sites having deposits of fossil fuel. The fossil fuel is thereby converted into electrical energy for transmission to an energy utilization center or to a power grid. Electrical energy is preferably converted to DC energy at the remote sites, and is supplemented by thermoelectric energy recovered from the exhaust of the combustion turbines. Each such source of DC energy is coupled to a main transmission line by a diode coupling device for providing isolation of each source in the event of a reduction in output voltage. Local power for cooling the diode coupling device is provided by a forward conduction voltage drop within the coupling device. The DC transmission system allows each generator to be operated at any independent optional speed.
    • 提供了一种远程电力发生和分配系统,其中多个燃气轮机发电机位于具有化石燃料沉积物的各个远程站点。 因此,化石燃料转化为电能以传输到能量利用中心或电力网。 电能优选在远程位置被转换为直流能量,并且由从燃烧涡轮机的排气回收的热能补充。 每个这样的直流能量源通过二极管耦合装置耦合到主传输线,用于在输出电压降低的情况下提供每个源的隔离。 用于冷却二极管耦合器件的局部电源由耦合器件内的正向传导电压降提供。 直流传输系统允许每个发电机以任何独立的可选速度运行。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Surge suppressor construction
    • 浪涌抑制器施工
    • US4424547A
    • 1984-01-03
    • US341711
    • 1982-01-22
    • Charles H. TitusJohn E. Zlupko
    • Charles H. TitusJohn E. Zlupko
    • H01C7/12H01T4/02H02H9/04
    • H01T4/02H01C7/12
    • This surge suppressor comprises a tubular insulating housing having a metal end cap at one end and an integral end wall at its opposite end. A metal terminal extends through the end wall and has a portion within the housing. A stack of metal-oxide varistor blocks has one end bearing against said terminal portion and an external periphery spaced from the surrounding wall of the housing. A metal plate at the other end of the stack is urged against said other end of the stack by a spring between the end cap and the plate. A plurality of ceramic rods fixed to the end wall extend alongside said stack and through holes in the end plate and serve to limit such lateral motion of the stack as produced by vibrations and mechanical shocks.
    • 该浪涌抑制器包括管状绝缘壳体,其在一端具有金属端盖,在其相对端具有整体端壁。 金属端子延伸穿过端壁并且在壳体内具有一部分。 金属氧化物非线性电阻块的堆叠具有抵靠所述端子部分的一端和与壳体的周围壁间隔开的外部周边。 在堆叠的另一端的金属板通过端盖和板之间的弹簧被推压到堆叠的另一端。 固定在端壁上的多个陶瓷棒沿着所述的堆叠和端板中的通孔延伸并且用于限制由振动和机械冲击产生的堆叠的这种侧向运动。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Compact trace element sensor which utilizes microwave generated plasma
and which is portable by an individual
    • 利用微波产生的等离子体并由个人携带的紧凑的微量元素传感器
    • US6081329A
    • 2000-06-27
    • US174679
    • 1998-10-19
    • Daniel R. CohnPaul WoskovCharles H. TitusJeffrey E. Surma
    • Daniel R. CohnPaul WoskovCharles H. TitusJeffrey E. Surma
    • G01N21/68G01J3/30G01N21/69H01P1/00
    • G01N21/68
    • A method and portable apparatus for self-powered, sensitive analysis of solid, liquid or gas samples for the presence of elements is provided. The apparatus includes a compact sensor system which utilizes a microwave power source and a shorted waveguide to induce a plasma. The microwave power source may be a magnetron or the like. The device includes a portable power supply and preferably includes a portable battery charger. The portable power supply includes a compact generator-internal combustion engine unit. The device can be operated by directly using power from the portable power supply or in a more compact embodiment by using power from batteries that are recharged by a separate portable power supply module. Pulsed microwave operation can be used to reduce average power requirements and facilitate the use of very compact units using batteries. The device is capable of being transported to and from remote sites for analysis by an individual without the need for heavy transportation equipment. A computer may be utilized to control the portable power supply, the battery charger and the microwave power source. The method and apparatus are capable of analyzing samples for the presence of several elements simultaneously using fiber optic guides and a spectrometer system. The apparatus can be contained in a plurality of readily detactable modules to facilitate transportation and field operation.
    • 提供了一种用于固体,液体或气体样品用于元件存在的自供电敏感分析的方法和便携式设备。 该装置包括利用微波功率源和短路波导来诱导等离子体的小型传感器系统。 微波功率源可以是磁控管等。 该装置包括便携式电源,并且优选地包括便携式电池充电器。 便携式电源包括紧凑型发电机 - 内燃机单元。 可以通过直接使用来自便携式电源的电力或通过使用由单独的便携式电源模块再充电的电池的电力在更紧凑的实施例中来操作该装置。 脉冲微波操作可用于降低平均功率需求,并有助于使用非常紧凑的单元使用电池。 该设备能够被运送到远程站点和从远程站点进行分析,无需重型运输设备。 可以使用计算机来控制便携式电源,电池充电器和微波电源。 该方法和装置能够使用光纤引导件和光谱仪系统同时分析几个元件的存在。 该装置可以容纳在多个易于拆卸的模块中,以便于运输和现场操作。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Electronic ballasts for plural lamp fluorescent lighting without
feedback circuitry
    • 电子镇流器用于多个灯荧光灯,无反馈电路
    • US5825137A
    • 1998-10-20
    • US886235
    • 1997-07-01
    • Charles H. Titus
    • Charles H. Titus
    • H05B41/295H05B41/392H05B37/02
    • H05B41/3925H05B41/295Y10S315/04
    • A non-dimmable electronic ballast has a unique inverter design which eliminates a large percentage of the required components, thereby simplifying and increasing the reliability of the ballast, while decreasing its costs. The ballast can provide power for either two or four fluorescent lamps and has additional safety and protection features which are not available in existing ballasts. A dimmable version is also disclosed with a dimming control at the ballast or which can operate a bank of ballasts with a central, remote dimming control or which can provide a variable output frequency to the ballasts to dim the lamps. There is very little distributed capacitance at the connections from the electronic ballast to the lamps. This feature eliminates points of resonances over the range of frequencies for dimming, thereby eliminating sudden changes in brightness as the frequency is varied.
    • 不可调光电子镇流器具有独特的逆变器设计,消除了所需部件的很大比例,从而简化并提高了镇流器的可靠性,同时降低了其成本。 镇流器可为两个或四个荧光灯提供电源,并具有额外的安全和保护功能,在现有镇流器中不可用。 还公开了可调光版本,其中在镇流器处具有调光控制,或者可以使用中央的远程调光控制来操作一组镇流器,或者可以为镇流器提供可变输出频率以使灯变暗。 在从电子镇流器到灯的连接处,分布电容很小。 该功能消除了调频范围内的谐振点,从而消除了频率变化时亮度的突然变化。