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1. 发明授权

US6081329A Compact trace element sensor which utilizes microwave generated plasma and which is portable by an individual 失效
标题翻译：利用微波产生的等离子体并由个人携带的紧凑的微量元素传感器
公开(公告)号：US6081329A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-27
申请号：US174679
申请日：1998-10-19
申请人： Daniel R. Cohn , Paul Woskov , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Daniel R. Cohn , Paul Woskov , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： G01N21/68 , G01J3/30 , G01N21/69 , H01P1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/68
摘要： A method and portable apparatus for self-powered, sensitive analysis of solid, liquid or gas samples for the presence of elements is provided. The apparatus includes a compact sensor system which utilizes a microwave power source and a shorted waveguide to induce a plasma. The microwave power source may be a magnetron or the like. The device includes a portable power supply and preferably includes a portable battery charger. The portable power supply includes a compact generator-internal combustion engine unit. The device can be operated by directly using power from the portable power supply or in a more compact embodiment by using power from batteries that are recharged by a separate portable power supply module. Pulsed microwave operation can be used to reduce average power requirements and facilitate the use of very compact units using batteries. The device is capable of being transported to and from remote sites for analysis by an individual without the need for heavy transportation equipment. A computer may be utilized to control the portable power supply, the battery charger and the microwave power source. The method and apparatus are capable of analyzing samples for the presence of several elements simultaneously using fiber optic guides and a spectrometer system. The apparatus can be contained in a plurality of readily detactable modules to facilitate transportation and field operation.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于固体，液体或气体样品用于元件存在的自供电敏感分析的方法和便携式设备。该装置包括利用微波功率源和短路波导来诱导等离子体的小型传感器系统。微波功率源可以是磁控管等。该装置包括便携式电源，并且优选地包括便携式电池充电器。便携式电源包括紧凑型发电机 - 内燃机单元。可以通过直接使用来自便携式电源的电力或通过使用由单独的便携式电源模块再充电的电池的电力在更紧凑的实施例中来操作该装置。脉冲微波操作可用于降低平均功率需求，并有助于使用非常紧凑的单元使用电池。该设备能够被运送到远程站点和从远程站点进行分析，无需重型运输设备。可以使用计算机来控制便携式电源，电池充电器和微波电源。该方法和装置能够使用光纤引导件和光谱仪系统同时分析几个元件的存在。该装置可以容纳在多个易于拆卸的模块中，以便于运输和现场操作。

2. 发明授权

US6066825A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 有权
标题翻译：在废物处理系统生产电力过程中，低NOx排放的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US6066825A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US207442
申请日：1998-12-08
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.
摘要翻译：提供了高效发电和低氧氮（NOx）排放的方法和装置。电力是由在废物转化装置中产生的富氢气体的燃烧产生的，其使用相对于内燃机发电机中的化学计量运行的0.4-0.7的超稀燃料与空气的比例，或者在燃气轮机中进行超精馏运行，以确保最小生产污染物如NOx。超精馏操作也提高了内燃机的效率。也可采用高压缩比（r = 12〜15）来进一步提高内燃机的效率。诸如天然气或柴油的补充燃料可以直接添加到用于与在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体一起燃烧的内燃机发电机或燃气轮机。此外，补充燃料可以重新变成等离子体燃料转化器中的富氢气体，然后被引入内燃机发电机或用于燃烧的燃气轮机以及补充燃料和在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体。废物转化单元的优选实施例是完全集成的可调谐等离子体焦耳加热熔化器，其具有共同的熔池和电源电路，其可以同时操作而彼此不会有相互影响。在该实施例中，焦耳加热的熔化器能够将材料保持在具有足够导电性的熔融状态，以允许快速重新启动转移的电弧等离子体。

3. 发明授权

US5908564A Tunable, self-powered arc plasma-melter electro conversion system for waste treatment and resource recovery 失效
标题翻译：可调谐的自供电电弧等离子体电转换系统，用于废物处理和资源回收
公开(公告)号：US5908564A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US911408
申请日：1997-08-14
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides a relatively compact self-powered, tunable waste conversion system and apparatus which has the advantage of highly robust operation which provides complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The system provides the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or by an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a self-powered or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种相对紧凑的自供电的可调谐废物转化系统和装置，其具有高度鲁棒的操作的优点，其提供了将广泛范围的废物流完全或基本上完全转化为有用气体和稳定的不可漂移的固体产物单一位置大大减少空气污染，以达到空气质量标准。该系统提供了高效率地将废物转化为高质量可燃气体并通过利用高效燃气轮机或内燃机将气体高效转化为电能的能力。固体产品可适用于各种商业应用。或者，作为安全，稳定的材料的固体产物流可以作为有害材料而没有特别考虑而被处理。在本发明的优选实施例中，电弧等离子体炉和焦耳加热的熔化器形成为具有共同熔池的完全集成的单元，其具有用于电弧等离子体和单元的焦耳加热部分的同时独立可控操作的电路布置而不会互相干扰。另外可以减少或不进一步使用由转化过程产生的气体来使用该装置。该设备可以用作自供电或净电产生单元，其中使用辅助燃料提供所需的电力生产水平。

4. 发明授权

US5847353A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US5847353A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693425
申请日：1996-08-07
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.

5. 发明授权

US6037560A Enhanced tunable plasma-melter vitrification systems 有权
公开(公告)号：US6037560A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US158361
申请日：1998-09-22
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides tunable waste conversion systems and apparatus which have the advantage of highly robust operation and which provide complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The systems provide the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In the preferred embodiment, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The preferred configuration of this embodiment of the invention utilizes two arc plasma electrodes with an elongated chamber for the molten pool such that the molten pool is capable of providing conducting paths between electrodes. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced use or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a net energy or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production. Methods and apparatus for converting metals, non-glass forming waste streams and low-ash producing inorganics into a useful gas are also provided. The methods and apparatus for such conversion include the use of a molten oxide pool having predetermined electrical, thermal and physical characteristics capable of maintaining optimal joule heating and glass forming properties during the conversion process.

6. 发明授权

US5825485A Compact trace element sensor which utilizes microwave generated plasma and which is portable by an individual 失效
标题翻译：利用微波产生的等离子体并由个人携带的紧凑的微量元素传感器
公开(公告)号：US5825485A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US552677
申请日：1995-11-03
申请人： Daniel R. Cohn , Paul Woskov , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Daniel R. Cohn , Paul Woskov , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： G01N21/68 , G01J3/30 , G01N21/69 , H01P1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/68
摘要： A method and portable apparatus for self-powered, sensitive analysis of solid, liquid or gas samples for the presence of elements is provided. The apparatus includes a compact sensor system which utilizes a microwave power source and a shorted waveguide to induce a plasma. The microwave power source may be a magnetron or the like. The device includes a portable power supply and preferably includes a portable battery charger. The portable power supply includes a compact generator- internal combustion engine unit. The device can be operated by directly using power from the portable power supply or in a more compact embodiment by using power from batteries that are recharged by a separate portable power supply module. Pulsed microwave operation can be used to reduce average power requirements and facilitate the use of very compact units using batteries. The device is capable of being transported to and from remote sites for analysis by an individual without the need for heavy transportation equipment. A computer may be utilized to control the portable power supply, the battery charger and the microwave power source. The method and apparatus are capable of analyzing samples for the presence of several elements simultaneously using fiber optic guides and a spectrometer system. The apparatus can be contained in a plurality of readily detachable modules to facilitate transportation and field operation.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于固体，液体或气体样品用于元件存在的自供电敏感分析的方法和便携式设备。该装置包括利用微波功率源和短路波导来诱导等离子体的小型传感器系统。微波功率源可以是磁控管等。该装置包括便携式电源，并且优选地包括便携式电池充电器。便携式电源包括紧凑型发电机 - 内燃机单元。可以通过直接使用来自便携式电源的电力或通过使用由单独的便携式电源模块再充电的电池的电力在更紧凑的实施例中来操作该装置。脉冲微波操作可用于降低平均功率需求，并有助于使用非常紧凑的单元使用电池。该设备能够被运送到远程站点和从远程站点进行分析，无需重型运输设备。可以使用计算机来控制便携式电源，电池充电器和微波电源。该方法和装置能够使用光纤引导件和光谱仪系统同时分析几个元件的存在。该装置可以容纳在多个容易拆卸的模块中，以便于运输和现场操作。

7. 发明授权

US5798497A Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery 失效
标题翻译：可调谐的自供电综合电弧等离子体熔融玻璃化处理系统，用于废物处理和资源回收
公开(公告)号：US5798497A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US492429
申请日：1995-06-19
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides a relatively compact self-powered, tunable waste conversion system and apparatus which has the advantage of highly robust operation which provides complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The system provides the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or by an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The preferred configuration of this embodiment of the invention utilizes two arc plasma electrodes with an elongated chamber for the molten pool such that the molten pool is capable of providing conducting paths between electrodes. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a self-powered or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种相对紧凑的自供电的可调谐废物转化系统和装置，其具有高度鲁棒的操作的优点，其提供了将广泛范围的废物流完全或基本上完全转化为有用气体和稳定的不可漂移的固体产物单一位置大大减少空气污染，以达到空气质量标准。该系统提供了高效率地将废物转化为高质量可燃气体并通过利用高效燃气轮机或内燃机将气体高效转化为电能的能力。固体产品可适用于各种商业应用。或者，作为安全，稳定的材料的固体产物流可以作为有害材料而没有特别考虑而被处理。在本发明的优选实施例中，电弧等离子体炉和焦耳加热的熔化器形成为具有共同熔池的完全集成的单元，其具有用于电弧等离子体和单元的焦耳加热部分的同时独立可控操作的电路布置而不会互相干扰。本发明该实施例的优选结构利用了具有用于熔池的细长室的两个电弧等离子体电极，使得熔池能够在电极之间提供导电路径。另外可以减少或不进一步使用由转化过程产生的气体来使用该装置。该设备可以用作自供电或净电产生单元，其中使用辅助燃料提供所需的电力生产水平。

8. 发明授权

US5671045A Microwave plasma monitoring system for the elemental composition analysis of high temperature process streams 失效
标题翻译：微波等离子体监测系统，用于高温过程流的元素组成分析
公开(公告)号：US5671045A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-23
申请号：US540575
申请日：1995-10-06
申请人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： G01N21/68 , G01N21/73 , G01J3/30 , G01N21/69 , H01P1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/73
摘要： Microwave-induced plasma for continuous, real time trace element monitoring under harsh and variable conditions. The sensor includes a source of high power microwave energy and a shorted waveguide made of a microwave conductive, high temperature capability refractory material communicating with the source of the microwave energy to generate a plasma. The high power waveguide is constructed to be robust in a hot, hostile environment. It includes an aperture for the passage of gases to be analyzed and a spectrometer is connected to receive light from the plasma. Provision is made for real time in situ calibration. The spectrometer disperses the light, which is then analyzed by a computer. The sensor is capable of making continuous, real time quantitative measurements of desired elements, such as the heavy metals lead and mercury. The invention may be incorporated into a high temperature process device and implemented in situ for example, such as with a DC graphite electrode plasma arc furnace. The invention further provides a system for the elemental analysis of process streams by removing particulate and/or droplet samples therefrom and entraining such samples in the gas flow which passes through the plasma flame. Introduction of and entraining samples in the gas flow may be facilitated by a suction pump, regulating gas flow, gravity or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译：微波诱导等离子体在恶劣条件下进行连续，实时的微量元素监测。该传感器包括高功率微波能量源和由与微波能量源连通以产生等离子体的微波导电高温能耐火材料制成的短路波导。高功率波导被构造为在热的，恶劣的环境中是坚固的。它包括用于待分析气体通过的孔，并且连接光谱仪以接收来自等离子体的光。经费用于实时在线校准。光谱仪分散光，然后由计算机分析。传感器能够对所需元素进行连续的实时定量测量，如重金属铅和汞。本发明可以结合到高温工艺装置中并且例如用DC石墨电极等离子体电弧炉就地实现。本发明还提供了一种用于通过从其中除去颗粒和/或液滴样品并将这些样品夹带在通过等离子体火焰的气流中进行元素分析工艺流的系统。气流中的引入和夹带样品可以通过抽吸泵，调节气流，重力或其组合来促进。

9. 发明授权

US5785426A Self-calibrated active pyrometer for furnace temperature measurements 失效
标题翻译：自校准的有源高温计用于炉温测量
公开(公告)号：US5785426A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-28
申请号：US539818
申请日：1995-10-06
申请人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： G01R29/08 , G01J5/46 , G01J5/52 , G01K11/00 , G01K11/12 , G01K17/00 , G01J5/08 , G01J5/62
CPC分类号： G01K11/006 , G01J5/522 , G01K11/12 , G01K17/003
摘要： Pyrometer with a probe beam superimposed on its field-of-view for furnace temperature measurements. The pyrometer includes a heterodyne millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave receiver including a millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave source for probing. The receiver is adapted to receive radiation from a surface whose temperature is to be measured. The radiation includes a surface emission portion and a surface reflection portion which includes the probe beam energy reflected from the surface. The surface emission portion is related to the surface temperature and the surface reflection portion is related to the emissivity of the surface. The simultaneous measurement of surface emissivity serves as a real time calibration of the temperature measurement. In an alternative embodiment, a translatable base plate and a visible laser beam allow slow mapping out of interference patterns and obtaining peak values therefor. The invention also includes a waveguide having a replaceable end portion, an insulating refractory sleeve and/or a source of inert gas flow. The pyrometer may be used in conjunction with a waveguide to form a system for temperature measurements in a furnace. The system may employ a chopper or alternatively, be constructed without a chopper. The system may also include an auxiliary reflector for surface emissivity measurements.
摘要翻译：测高仪用探针光束叠加在其视场上进行炉温测量。高温计包括外差毫米/亚毫米波或微波接收器，其包括用于探测的毫米/亚毫米波或微波源。接收器适于接收来自待测温度的表面的辐射。辐射包括表面发射部分和包括从表面反射的探测光束能量的表面反射部分。表面发射部分与表面温度有关，表面反射部分与表面的发射率有关。表面发射率的同时测量可作为温度测量的实时校准。在替代实施例中，可平移底板和可见激光束允许从干涉图案中缓慢映射并获得其峰值。本发明还包括具有可更换端部，绝缘耐火套和/或惰性气流源的波导。高温计可以与波导结合使用以形成用于炉中的温度测量的系统。该系统可以采用斩波器或替代地，在没有斩波器的情况下构建。该系统还可以包括用于表面发射率测量的辅助反射器。

10. 发明授权

US6160238A Tunable molten oxide pool assisted plasma-melter vitrification systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US6160238A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US83061
申请日：1998-05-21
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides tunable waste conversion systems and apparatus which have the advantage of highly robust operation and which provide complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The systems provide the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In the preferred embodiment, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The preferred configuration of this embodiment of the invention utilizes two arc plasma electrodes with an elongated chamber for the molten pool such that the molten pool is capable of providing conducting paths between electrodes. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced use or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a net energy or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production. Methods and apparatus for converting metals, non-glass forming waste streams and low-ash producing inorganics into a useful gas are also provided. The methods and apparatus for such conversion include the use of a molten oxide pool having predetermined electrical, thermal and physical characteristics capable of maintaining optimal joule heating and glass forming properties during the conversion process.

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