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1. 发明授权

US5531798A Eliminating ash bridging in ceramic filters 失效
标题翻译：消除陶瓷过滤器中的灰渣桥接
公开(公告)号：US5531798A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US249216
申请日：1994-05-26
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
IPC分类号： B01D46/00 , B01D46/24 , B01D46/42 , B01D46/46 , C10J3/84 , B01D46/04
CPC分类号： B01D46/2407 , B01D46/002 , B01D46/0068 , B01D46/46 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/024 , B01D2273/20 , C10J2300/093
摘要： In the filtering of high temperature (e.g. greater than 400.degree. C.) and high pressure (e.g. greater than 5 bar) gas--such as produced by pressurized fluidized bed combustion or gasification of coal--there is often a buildup of particles on the supporting elements for the filters, and on surrounding structures. This buildup of particles can damage the filter elements, or greatly reduce their effectiveness. This problem is avoided by periodically automatically cleaning the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces of the filters, as by directing high pressure gas streams at the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces. The filters may also be backflushed with compressed gas, as is conventional, at the same time as, or at different times than, when the supporting and/or surrounding structures are cleaned. Conduits with nozzles may be mounted directly on the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces and connected by a pipe with an automatically controlled valve to a source of high pressure fluid.
摘要翻译：在过滤高温（例如大于400℃）和高压（例如大于5巴）的气体（例如通过加压流化床燃烧或煤气化产生）中，通常在支撑物上堆积颗粒过滤器的元件和周围的结构。这种颗粒的积聚可能会损坏过滤元件，或大大降低其效果。通过周期性地自动清洁过滤器的支撑和/或周围表面来避免这个问题，如通过在支撑和/或周围表面处引导高压气体流。过滤器也可以用压缩气体反冲洗，如常规的那样，在支撑和/或周围结构被清洁的同时或不同的时间。带有喷嘴的管道可以直接安装在支撑和/或周围表面上，并通过具有自动控制阀的管道连接到高压流体源。

2. 发明授权

US4771712A Combustion of fuel containing alkalines 失效
标题翻译：燃烧含有碱的燃料
公开(公告)号：US4771712A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-20
申请号：US65757
申请日：1987-06-24
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Erkki Kiiskila , Pekka Tormikoski
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Erkki Kiiskila , Pekka Tormikoski
IPC分类号： C10L9/10 , C10L10/04 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/22 , F23J20060101 , F23J7/00 , F23D1/00
CPC分类号： F23C10/10 , C10L9/10 , F23J7/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A method of burning solid fuel having low melting point alkaline compositions, such as alkali metal salts, particularly lignite and salty brown coal. The fuel is introduced into the reaction chamber of a circulating fluidized bed reactor, and is mixed prior to introduction to the reaction chamber with a reactant material capable of reacting with the low melting point alkaline compositions of the fuel to produce high melting point alkali metal compounds during combustion. The temperature in the reaction chamber is kept below the melting point of the formed alkali metal compounds. The reactant material comprises silica oxide or a metal oxide, or hydroxide, of the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, titanium, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Kaolin is particularly effective, especially when the molar ratio of Al/(Na and K) is at least 1.0.
摘要翻译：一种燃烧具有低熔点碱性组合物的固体燃料的方法，例如碱金属盐，特别是褐煤和咸棕色煤。将燃料引入循环流化床反应器的反应室中，并在与反应物料引入反应室之前混合，反应物料能够与燃料的低熔点碱性组合物反应以产生高熔点碱金属化合物在燃烧过程中。反应室中的温度保持低于形成的碱金属化合物的熔点。反应物料包括氧化铝或金属氧化物或氢氧化物，它们由铝，钙，镁，铁，钛及其两种或多种的混合物组成。高岭土特别有效，特别是当Al /（Na和K）的摩尔比至少为1.0时。

3. 发明授权

US4732113A Particle separator 失效
标题翻译：粒子分离器
公开(公告)号：US4732113A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-22
申请号：US23570
申请日：1987-03-09
申请人： Folke Engstrom
发明人： Folke Engstrom
IPC分类号： F23C10/24 , B04C3/02 , B04C5/20 , B04C9/00 , F22B31/00 , F23C10/08 , F23J3/04 , F23J15/02 , F22B1/00
CPC分类号： B04C3/02 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/08 , F23J15/027 , F23C2206/101 , F23J2900/15026
摘要： A separator for separating solid particles from a hot gas stream comprises a cyclone chamber having an axial gas outlet conduit. The outlet conduit is formed by a plurality of cooling tubes defining between the tubes a plurality of passages for the gas. The outlet conduit is connected to an opening in one or both ends of the cyclone chamber. Solids are separated by centrifugal forces as the gas flows in a curved path in the cyclone chamber and by inertia forces as the gas changes direction to flow into the outlet conduit.
摘要翻译：用于从热气流中分离固体颗粒的分离器包括具有轴向气体出口导管的旋风室。出口导管由多个冷却管形成，冷却管在管之间限定用于气体的多个通道。出口导管连接到旋风室的一端或两端的开口。随着气体在旋风室中的弯曲路径中流动并且随着气体改变方向以流入出口导管的惯性力，固体被离心力分离。

4. 发明授权

US4672918A Circulating fluidized bed reactor temperature control 失效
标题翻译：循环流化床反应器温度控制
公开(公告)号：US4672918A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-16
申请号：US734716
申请日：1985-05-16
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juha Sarkki
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juha Sarkki
IPC分类号： B01J8/00 , B01J8/24 , B01J8/38 , F22B31/00 , F23C10/08 , F22B1/00
CPC分类号： B01J8/1809 , B01J8/005 , B01J8/388 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/08 , B01J2208/00044 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A simple yet effective method and apparatus control the temperature within a fluidized bed reactor within a desired range (e.g. about 800.degree.-950.degree. C.). Particulate solids in the off-gases from the combustion chamber of the reactor are separated out, and pass through one or more of a plurality of return conduits back to the combustion chamber. The temperature of the returning solids is controlled by positively cooling them, utilizing heat exchangers, within one or more of the conduits, and by controlling which of the conduits the solids flow through. Valves at the top of the conduits can control the flow of solids into the conduits. Alternatively U-shaped passageways at the bottom of the conduits between them and the combustion chamber can have fluidizing air injected therein, the injected air controlling the flow of solids out of the conduits into the combustion chamber.
摘要翻译：简单而有效的方法和装置将流化床反应器内的温度控制在所需范围内（例如约800-950℃）。来自反应器的燃烧室的废气中的颗粒状固体被分离出来，并且通过多个返回导管中的一个或多个回到燃烧室。回流固体的温度通过在一个或多个导管内利用热交换器进行正冷却来控制，并且通过控制固体流过哪个管道来控制。导管顶部的阀门可以控制固体进入管道的流量。或者在它们与燃烧室之间的导管底部的U形通道可以在其中注入流化空气，喷射的空气控制固体流出管道进入燃烧室。

5. 发明授权

US4244779A Method of treating spent pulping liquor in a fluidized bed reactor 失效
标题翻译：在流化床反应器中处理废浆液的方法
公开(公告)号：US4244779A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-13
申请号：US970457
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Jorma J. Nieminen , Folke Engstrom
发明人： Jorma J. Nieminen , Folke Engstrom
IPC分类号： B01J8/32 , C02F11/12 , C10B49/16 , D21C11/00 , D21C11/12
CPC分类号： D21C11/0092 , B01J8/32 , C02F11/12 , C10B49/16 , F23G2201/10 , F23G2203/501
摘要： A method of treating materials in a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the material to be treated is brought into contact with hot particles removed from the flue gases coming from the fluidized bed reactor to bring about chemical and/or thermal reactions in the material before it is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor together with recycled particles. Useful components may be recovered in the form of gases, solids or liquids in connection with this treatment.
摘要翻译：一种在流化床反应器中处理材料的方法，其中待处理的材料与从流化床反应器的烟道气中除去的热颗粒接触，在材料之前引起化学和/或热反应与再循环的颗粒一起引入流化床反应器。有用的组分可以以与该处理相关的气体，固体或液体的形式回收。

6. 发明授权

US5505906A Cleaning of high temperature high pressure (HTHP) gases 失效
标题翻译：清洁高温高压（HTHP）气体
公开(公告)号：US5505906A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US708207
申请日：1991-05-31
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
IPC分类号： B01D39/20 , B01D46/24 , B01D46/42 , B01D50/00 , B01D51/10 , B04C9/00 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/16 , F23J13/02 , F23J15/02 , F27B15/00 , B09B3/00 , F23J3/00
CPC分类号： F23J13/02 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/16 , F23J15/025 , F23C2206/101 , F23J2217/104
摘要： Apparatus for cleaning high temperature, high pressure gases includes a pressure vessel, and a filtration unit within the pressure vessel. The filtration unit is adapted to communicate with a fluidized bed reactor gas outlet, and includes at least one dirty gas chamber housing a plurality of porous, ceramic filter tubes, and at least one clean gas chamber for receiving clean gas from the ceramic filter tubes. The dirty gas chamber includes a particle outlet for removing particles separated from the gas by the filter tubes. The porous ceramic filter tubes are horizontally oriented within the filtration unit or housing and mounted within water cooled walls of the housing. The fluidized bed reactor and associated cyclone separator may be located within the pressure vessel with the filtration unit, or located outside the pressure vessel and in communication with the filtration unit inside the pressure vessel.
摘要翻译：用于清洁高温高压气体的装置包括压力容器和压力容器内的过滤单元。过滤单元适于与流化床反应器气体出口连通，并且包括容纳多个多孔陶瓷过滤管的至少一个脏气室和至少一个用于从陶瓷过滤管接收清洁气体的清洁气室。脏气室包括用于除去由过滤管与气体分离的颗粒的颗粒出口。多孔陶瓷过滤管在过滤单元或壳体内水平定向并安装在壳体的水冷壁内。流化床反应器和相关的旋风分离器可以与过滤单元位于压力容器内，或者位于压力容器外部并与压力容器内的过滤单元连通。

7. 发明授权

US5093085A Fluidized bed reactor method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：流化床反应器方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5093085A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-03
申请号：US161141
申请日：1988-02-26
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Reijo Kuivalaninen
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Reijo Kuivalaninen
IPC分类号： F23C10/24
CPC分类号： F23C10/24 , B01J2208/00761
摘要： Fluidized bed reactor method and apparatus for removal of coarse material from the reactor. The apparatus comprises a discharge device including a substantially vertical pipe portion connected at one end with an outlet opening in the reactor grid, and at another end to an aeration chamber containing a discharge opening located below the level of the grid outlet opening; and a device for supplying pressurized air in short blasts of 30 to 100 milliseconds, preferably at pressures of from 2.5 to 7.0 bar, into the aeration chamber in the direction of the discharge opening to remove the coarse material from the reactor. Low pressure fluidizing air may be supplied to the vertical pipe portion as well as the aeration chamber to return small particles in the discharge device to the fluidization zone of the reactor.
摘要翻译：用于从反应器中除去粗物质的流化床反应器方法和装置。该装置包括排放装置，该排放装置包括在一端与反应器格栅中的出口开口连接的基本上垂直的管部分，另一端包括位于格栅出口开口下方的排放口的通气室; 以及用于以30至100毫秒，优选2.5至7.0巴的压力将短气体的加压空气沿喷射口的方向供应到曝气室中以从反应器中除去粗物质的装置。可以将低压流化空气供应到垂直管部分以及曝气室，以将排放装置中的小颗粒返回到反应器的流化区。

8. 发明授权

US4864944A Fluidized bed reactor 失效
标题翻译：流化床反应器
公开(公告)号：US4864944A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US210717
申请日：1988-06-23
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani M. Isaksson , Reijo Kuivalainen
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani M. Isaksson , Reijo Kuivalainen
IPC分类号： F23C10/08 , B01J8/18 , F23C10/00 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/18 , F23C10/20 , F23L9/00
CPC分类号： B01J8/1818 , F23C10/005 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/20 , F23L9/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.

9. 发明授权

US4747852A Method and apparatus for separating solid particles from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor 失效
标题翻译：在循环流化床反应器中分离固体颗粒与烟道气的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4747852A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-31
申请号：US902407
申请日：1986-08-25
申请人： Folke Engstrom
发明人： Folke Engstrom
IPC分类号： B01D45/12 , B01J8/00 , B01J8/24 , B04C5/14 , B04C5/18 , B04C9/00 , B04C11/00 , F23C10/10 , F23J15/02 , F27B15/02 , F27D17/00 , F27B15/12
CPC分类号： B01J8/0055 , B01D45/12 , B04C5/14 , B04C5/18 , B04C9/00 , F23C10/10 , F23J15/027 , B01J2208/00292 , B01J2208/00407 , B01J2208/00415 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A method and an apparatus for separating coarse and fine solid particles from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor provide for flue gases to be led to a cyclone separator, located adjacent the reactor. A discharge opening is provided in the lower portion of the separator, opening into a suction chamber interposed between the discharge opening and a return duct. Coarse particles are returned to the reactor via the return duct while fine particles are pulled into a suction pipe connected to the suction chamber, and are then returned to the reactor separately from the coarse particles. At the same time, a minor portion of the flue gases are removed through the discharge opening in the separator with the solid particles and returned to the reactor. The major portion of the flue gases is discharged through an opening in the upper portion of the separator.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI86 / 00002 Sec。一九八六年八月二十五日 102（e）日期1986年8月25日PCT提交1986年1月9日PCT公布。公开号WO86 / 03986 日本1986年7月17日。在循环流化床反应器中从烟道气中分离粗和细固体颗粒的方法和装置提供将烟道气引导到位于反应器附近的旋风分离器。在分离器的下部设置有排出口，该排出口开口插入在排出口和回流管之间的吸入室。粗颗粒通过返回管道返回到反应器中，而细颗粒被拉入连接到吸入室的抽吸管中，然后与粗颗粒分开地返回到反应器中。同时，少量烟道气通过分离器中的排放口与固体颗粒一起除去并返回反应器。烟气的主要部分通过分离器上部的开口排出。

10. 发明授权

US4708092A Circulating fluidized bed boiler 失效
标题翻译：循环流化床锅炉
公开(公告)号：US4708092A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-24
申请号：US915065
申请日：1986-09-22
申请人： Folke Engstrom
发明人： Folke Engstrom
IPC分类号： B01J8/00 , B04C1/00 , B04C9/00 , F22B31/00 , F23C10/08 , F23C10/18 , F23J15/02 , F22B1/00
CPC分类号： B01J8/005 , B04C1/00 , B04C9/00 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/08 , F23J15/027 , F23C2206/101 , F23J2900/15026
摘要： The invention comprises a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a vertical combustion chamber and a convection part which at least partly are formed by tube walls, and a horizontal cyclone separator, the gas inlet channel of which is connected to the upper part of the combustion chamber and a return channel for solids to the lower part of the combustion chamber. In order to accomplish a compact construction, the cyclone separator has been located on top of the combustion chamber and two opposite tube walls of the combustion chamber and possibly also one tube wall of the convection part have been used to form the cyclone separator.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI86 / 00007 Sec。 371日期1986年9月22日 102（e）1986年9月22日PCT PCT 1月23日PCT PCT。公开号WO86 / 04402 日期：1986年7月31日。本发明包括具有竖直燃烧室和至少部分由管壁形成的对流部分的循环流化床锅炉，以及水平旋风分离器，其气体入口通道连接到燃烧室的上部和固体返回到燃烧室下部的通道。为了实现紧凑的结构，旋风分离器已经位于燃烧室的顶部，并且燃烧室的两个相对的管壁以及可能还有一个对流部分的管壁用于形成旋风分离器。

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