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    • 71. 发明授权
    • LPP EUV light source
    • LPP EUV光源
    • US07317196B2
    • 2008-01-08
    • US10979919
    • 2004-11-01
    • William N. PartloDaniel J. W. BrownIgor V. FomenkovAlexander I. ErshovDavid W. Myers
    • William N. PartloDaniel J. W. BrownIgor V. FomenkovAlexander I. ErshovDavid W. Myers
    • H01J35/20
    • B82Y10/00G03F7/70033H05G2/003H05G2/008
    • An apparatus and method is described for effectively and efficiently providing plasma irradiation laser light pulses in an LPP EUV light source which may comprise a laser initial target irradiation pulse generating mechanism irradiating a plasma initiation target with an initial target irradiation pulse to form an EUV generating plasma having an emission region emitting in-band EUV light; a laser plasma irradiation pulse generating mechanism irradiating the plasma with a plasma irradiation pulse after the initial target irradiation pulse so as to compress emission material in the plasma toward the emission region of the plasma. The plasma irradiation pulse may comprise a laser pulse having a wavelength that is sufficiently longer than a wavelength of the initial target irradiation pulse to have an associated lower critical density resulting in absorption occurring within the plasma in a region of the plasma defined by the wavelength of the plasma irradiation pulse sufficiently separated from an initial target irradiation site to achieve compression of the emission material, and the may compress the emission region. The laser plasma irradiation pulse may produce an aerial mass density in the ablating cloud of the plasma sufficient to confine the favorably emitting plasma for increased conversion efficiency. The deposition region for the plasma irradiation pulse may be is removed enough from the initial target surface so as to insure compression of the favorably emitting plasma. A high conversion efficiency laser produced plasma extreme ultraviolet (“EUV”) light source may comprise a laser initial target irradiation pulse generating mechanism irradiating a plasma initiation target with a target irradiation pulse to form an EUV generating plasma emitting in-band EUV light; a plasma tamper substantially surrounding the plasma to constrain the expansion of the plasma.
    • 描述了一种用于在LPP EUV光源中有效且有效地提供等离子体照射激光脉冲的装置和方法,其可以包括用初始目标照射脉冲照射等离子体引发目标的激光初始靶照射脉冲发生机构以形成产生EUV的等离子体 具有发射带内EUV光的发射区域; 激光等离子体照射脉冲发生机构在初始目标照射脉冲之后用等离子体照射脉冲照射等离子体,以将等离子体中的发射材料压缩到等离子体的发射区域。 等离子体照射脉冲可以包括具有足够长于初始靶照射脉冲的波长的波长的激光脉冲,以具有相关联的较低的临界密度,从而在由等离子体的波长定义的等离子体的区域内的等离子体内发生吸收 等离子体照射脉冲从初始目标照射位置充分分离,以实现发射材料的压缩,并且可以压缩发射区域。 激光等离子体照射脉冲可以在等离子体的消融云中产生足够的空气质量密度以限制有利的发射等离子体以提高转换效率。 可以从初始目标表面去除等离子体照射脉冲的沉积区域,以确保有利地发射等离子体的压缩。 高转换效率的激光产生的等离子体极紫外(“EUV”)光源可以包括激光初始靶照射脉冲发生机构,用目标照射脉冲照射等离子体引发目标,以形成产生EUV的发射等离子体的带内EUV光; 等离子体篡改基本上围绕等离子体以约束等离子体的膨胀。
    • 74. 发明授权
    • Plasma focus light source with improved pulse power system
    • 等离子聚焦光源具有改进的脉冲电源系统
    • US06815700B2
    • 2004-11-09
    • US10189824
    • 2002-07-03
    • Stephan T. MelnychukWilliam N. PartloIgor V. FomenkovI. Roger OliverRichard M. NessNorbert BoweringOleh Khodykin
    • Stephan T. MelnychukWilliam N. PartloIgor V. FomenkovI. Roger OliverRichard M. NessNorbert BoweringOleh Khodykin
    • H05H104
    • H05G2/003B82Y10/00G03F7/70033G03F7/70166G03F7/70916H05G2/005H05H1/06
    • The present invention provides a high energy photon source. A pair of plasma pinch electrodes are located in a vacuum chamber. The chamber contains a working gas which includes a noble buffer gas and an active gas chosen to provide a desired spectral line. A pulse power source provides electrical pulses at voltages high enough to create electrical discharges between the electrodes to produce very high temperature, high density plasma pinches in the working gas providing radiation at the spectral line of the source or active gas. Preferably the electrodes are configured co-axially. The central electrode is preferably hollow and the active gas is introduced out of the hollow electrode. This permits an optimization of the spectral line source and a separate optimization of the buffer gas. In preferred embodiments the central electrode is pulsed with a high negative electrical pulse so that the central electrode functions as a hollow cathode. Preferred embodiments present optimization of capacitance values, anode length and shape and preferred active gas delivery systems are disclosed. Preferred embodiments also include a pulse power system comprising a charging capacitor and a magnetic compression circuit comprising a pulse transformer. Special techniques are described for cooling the central electrode. In one example, water is circulated through the walls of the hollow electrode. In another example, a heat pipe cooling system is described for cooling the central electrode.
    • 本发明提供了一种高能量光子源。 一对等离子体夹紧电极位于真空室中。 该室包含工作气体,其包括贵重缓冲气体和被选择用于提供所需光谱线的活性气体。 脉冲电源在电压足够高的电压下提供电脉冲,以在电极之间产生放电,以在工作气体中产生非常高温度,高密度的等离子体夹持,从而在源或活性气体的光谱线处提供辐射。 优选地,电极被同轴配置。 中心电极优选是中空电极,并且活性气体从中空电极引出。 这允许对光谱线源进行优化和缓冲气体的单独优化。 在优选的实施例中,中心电极用高的负电脉冲脉冲,使得中心电极用作空心阴极。 本发明优选的实施例公开了电容值的优化,阳极长度和形状以及优选的活性气体输送系统。 优选实施例还包括脉冲功率系统,其包括充电电容器和包括脉冲变压器的磁压缩电路。 描述了用于冷却中心电极的特殊技术。 在一个实例中,水通过中空电极的壁循环。 在另一个实例中,描述了用于冷却中心电极的热管冷却系统。
    • 76. 发明授权
    • Plasma focus high energy photon source with blast shield
    • 等离子体聚焦高能光子源与防风罩
    • US06452199B1
    • 2002-09-17
    • US09442582
    • 1999-11-18
    • William N. PartloIgor V. FomenkovDaniel L. Birx
    • William N. PartloIgor V. FomenkovDaniel L. Birx
    • G21G400
    • H05G2/003B82Y10/00G03F7/70033G03F7/70166G03F7/70916H05G2/005
    • A high energy photon source. A pair of plasma pinch electrodes are located in a vacuum chamber. The chamber contains a working gas which includes a noble buffer gas and an active gas chosen to provide a desired spectral line. A pulse power source provides electrical pulses at voltages high enough to create electrical discharges between the electrodes to produce very high temperature, high density plasma pinches in the working gas providing radiation at the spectral line of the active gas. A blast shield positioned just beyond the location of the high density pinch provides a physical barrier which confines the pinch limiting its axial elongation. A small port is provided in the blast shield that permits the radiation but not the plasma to pass through the shield. In a preferred embodiment a surface of the shield facing the plasma is dome-shaped.
    • 高能光子源。 一对等离子体夹紧电极位于真空室中。 该室包含工作气体,其包括贵重缓冲气体和被选择用于提供所需光谱线的活性气体。 脉冲电源以足够高的电压提供电脉冲,以在电极之间产生放电,以在工作气体中产生非常高温度,高密度的等离子体夹持,从而在活性气体的谱线处提供辐射。 位于刚刚超出高密度夹点位置的防爆罩提供了限制其限制其轴向伸长的夹紧的物理屏障。 防爆罩中设有一个允许辐射而不是等离子体通过防护罩的小型端口。 在优选实施例中,面向等离子体的屏蔽的表面是圆顶形的。
    • 77. 发明授权
    • Bandwidth control device
    • 带宽控制装置
    • US08259764B2
    • 2012-09-04
    • US11472088
    • 2006-06-21
    • Igor V. FomenkovWilliam N. PartloDaniel J. ReileyJames K. HoweyStanley C. Aguilar
    • Igor V. FomenkovWilliam N. PartloDaniel J. ReileyJames K. HoweyStanley C. Aguilar
    • H01S3/136
    • H01S3/225H01S3/03H01S3/034H01S3/08009H01S3/137H01S3/2256
    • A method and apparatus is disclosed for operating a laser output light beam pulse line narrowing mechanism that may comprise a nominal center wavelength and bandwidth selection optic; a static wavefront compensation mechanism shaping the curvature of the selection optic; an active wavefront compensation mechanism shaping the curvature of the selection optic and operating independently of the static wavefront compensation mechanism. The method and apparatus may comprise the nominal center wavelength and bandwidth selection optic comprises a grating; the static wavefront compensation mechanism applies a pre-selected bending moment to the grating; the active wavefront compensation mechanism applies a separate selected bending moment to the grating responsive to the control of a bending moment controller based on bandwidth feedback from a bandwidth monitor monitoring the bandwidth of the laser output light beam pulses. The active wavefront compensation mechanism may comprise a pneumatic drive mechanism.
    • 公开了用于操作可以包括标称中心波长和带宽选择光学器件的激光输出光束脉冲线窄化机构的方法和装置; 静态波前补偿机构整形选择光学元件的曲率; 主动波前补偿机构整形选择光学元件的曲率并独立于静态波前补偿机制工作。 该方法和装置可以包括标称中心波长和带宽选择光学器件包括光栅; 静态波前补偿机构将预选的弯矩应用于光栅; 主动波前补偿机构响应于基于来自监视激光输出光束脉冲的带宽的带宽监视器的带宽反馈的弯矩控制器的控制,向光栅施加单独的选定弯矩。 主动波前补偿机构可以包括气动驱动机构。