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61. 发明授权

US07382792B2 Queue scheduling mechanism in a data packet transmission system 失效
标题翻译：数据包传输系统中的队列调度机制
公开(公告)号：US07382792B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-03
申请号：US10065808
申请日：2002-11-21
申请人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Rene Gallezot , Francois Le Mauf , Daniel Wind
发明人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Rene Gallezot , Francois Le Mauf , Daniel Wind
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L47/6215 , H04L47/2458 , H04L47/28 , H04L47/50 , H04L47/527 , H04L47/6285 , H04W28/14 , H04W72/1242
摘要： A queue scheduling mechanism in a data packet transmission system, the data packet transmission system including a transmission device for transmitting data packets, a reception device for receiving the data packets, a set of queue devices respectively associated with a set of priorities each defined by a priority rank for storing each data packet transmitted by the transmission device into the queue device corresponding to its priority rank, and a queue scheduler for reading, at each packet cycle, a packet in one of the queue devices determined by a normal priority preemption algorithm. The queue scheduling mechanism includes a credit device that provides at each packet cycle a value N defining the priority rank to be considered by the queue scheduler whereby a data packet is read by the queue scheduler from the queue device corresponding to the priority N instead of the queue device determined by the normal priority preemption algorithm.
摘要翻译：在数据分组传输系统中的队列调度机制，包括用于发送数据分组的传输设备的数据分组传输系统，用于接收数据分组的接收设备，分别与一组优先级相关联的一组队列设备，每个优先级由用于将由传输设备发送的每个数据分组存储到与其优先级相对应的队列设备中的优先等级，以及队列调度器，用于在每个分组周期读取由普通优先级抢占算法确定的队列中的一个队列中的分组。队列调度机制包括在每个分组周期提供定义要由队列调度器考虑的优先级的值N的信用设备，由队列调度器从对应于优先级N的队列设备读取数据分组，而不是队列设备由普通优先级抢占算法确定。

62. 发明申请

US20050063301A1 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO ENABLE AN ADAPTIVE LOAD BALANCING IN A PARALLEL PACKET SWITCH 失效
标题翻译：在平行分组开关中启用自适应负载平衡的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20050063301A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-24
申请号：US10711320
申请日：2004-09-10
申请人： Rene Glaise , Alain Blanc , Francois Le Maut , Michel Poret
发明人： Rene Glaise , Alain Blanc , Francois Le Maut , Michel Poret
IPC分类号： H04J3/14 , H04L12/54 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L47/125 , H04L49/1523 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/3045
摘要： A method and a system to adapt the load balancing of the incoming traffic over the planes of a parallel packet switch (PPS) on the basis of the monitoring of requests and acknowledgments exchanged between ingress port adapters and arrays of collapsed virtual output queues (cVOQ) situated within the plane switch cores is disclosed. According to the invention, at least one counter is associated, in each ingress port-adapter, to each individual switching plane or device to be monitored. Each of these counters is incremented when a request is sent to the corresponding individual switching plane or device and decremented when an acknowledgment is received from this individual switching plane or device. When the range of values taken by the counters of a same ingress port-adapter reaches a predetermined threshold, less (or none) incoming traffic is further transmitted to the individual switching plane or device associated to the higher value counter. An alarm signal is possibly raised too e.g., for replacing the defective individual switching plane or device.
摘要翻译：基于在入口端口适配器和折叠虚拟输出队列（cVOQ）阵列之间交换的请求和确认的监视来适应并行分组交换机（PPS）的平面上的入局业务的负载平衡的方法和系统，位于平面开关芯内。根据本发明，至少一个计数器在每个入口端口适配器中被关联到要监视的每个单独的切换平面或设备。当将请求发送到相应的单独的交换平面或设备时，这些计数器中的每一个递增，并且当从该单独的交换平面或设备接收到确认时递减。当相同入口端口适配器的计数器所取值的范围达到预定阈值时，较少（或无））进入流量进一步传输到与较高值计数器相关联的单独交换平面或设备。也可能引起报警信号，例如用于更换有缺陷的单独开关平面或装置。

63. 发明申请

US20050053077A1 System and method for collapsing VOQ'S of a packet switch fabric 有权
标题翻译：用于折叠分组交换结构的VOQ的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050053077A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：US10894582
申请日：2004-07-20
申请人： Alain Blanc , Rene Glaise , Francois Le Maut , Michel Poret
发明人： Alain Blanc , Rene Glaise , Francois Le Maut , Michel Poret
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L47/10 , H04L47/263 , H04L47/30 , H04L49/103 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/3045
摘要： A system and a method to avoid packet traffic congestion in a shared-memory switch core, while dramatically reducing the amount of shared memory in the switch core and the associated egress buffers, is disclosed. According to the invention, the virtual output queuing (VOQ) of all ingress adapters of a packet switch fabric are collapsed into its central switch core to allow an efficient flow control. The transmission of packets from an ingress buffer to the switch core is subject to a mechanism of request/acknowledgment. Therefore, a packet is transmitted from a virtual output queue to the shared-memory switch core only if the switch core can actually forward it to the corresponding egress buffer. A token based mechanism allows the switch core to determine the egress buffer's level of occupation. Therefore, since the switch core knows the states of the input and output adapters, it is able to optimize packet switching and to avoid packet congestion. Furthermore, since a packet is admitted in the switch core only if it can be transmitted to the corresponding egress buffer, the shared memory is reduced.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在共享存储器交换机核心中避免分组业务拥塞的系统和方法，同时显着地减少了交换机核心和相关联的出口缓冲器中的共享存储器的数量。根据本发明，分组交换结构的所有入口适配器的虚拟输出排队（VOQ）被折叠到其中央交换机核心中以允许有效的流控制。数据包从入口缓冲区传输到交换机核心受到请求/确认的机制。因此，只有当交换机核心才能将其转发到相应的出口缓冲区时，才将数据包从虚拟输出队列传输到共享存储交换机内核。基于令牌的机制允许交换机核心确定出口缓冲区的占用水平。因此，由于交换机核心知道输入和输出适配器的状态，因此能够优化分组交换并避免分组拥塞。此外，由于分组只有在可以发送到对应的出口缓冲器的情况下才允许在交换机核心中，所以共享存储器被减少。

64. 发明授权

US06667955B1 Switching fabric system having at least one subsystem including switch core elements arranged in port expansion architecture 失效
标题翻译：具有至少一个子系统的交换结构系统包括以端口扩展架构布置的交换机核心元件
公开(公告)号：US06667955B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-23
申请号：US09315907
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： Alain Blanc , Sylvie Gohl , Alain Pinzaglia , Menahem Kaplan
发明人： Alain Blanc , Sylvie Gohl , Alain Pinzaglia , Menahem Kaplan
IPC分类号： H04J116
CPC分类号： H04Q3/52 , H04L12/5601 , H04L49/203 , H04L49/255 , H04L49/256 , H04L49/455 , H04L2012/5609 , H04Q2213/1302 , H04Q2213/1304 , H04Q2213/13167 , H04Q2213/13353
摘要： A Switch Fabric system comprising at least one Switch Fabric subsystem (100, 200) further including a set of Switch cores elements (111, 112, 121, 122) that are mounted in a port expansion permitting attachment of at least a first and second sets of Protocol Adapters (1, 2) under a routing control process. A Primary Switch controller (PSC) has a complete knowledge of the topology of the switch, e.g., the number of subsystems, the nature of the port expansion etc., while each Secondary Switch Controller only has a limited knowledge of that topology. One particular Switch Core (111, 211) which has a full-duplex communication capability in each Subsystem is assigned the key function to interface communication between the PSC and the other SSC in a same Switch Fabric Subsystem.
摘要翻译：一种交换矩阵系统，包括至少一个交换结构子系统（100,200），其还包括一组交换机核心元件（111,112,121,122），其安装在端口扩展中，允许至少连接第一和第二组的协议适配器（1,2）。主交换机控制器（PSC）完全了解交换机的拓扑结构，例如子系统的数量，端口扩展的性质等等，而每个辅助交换机控制器只对该拓扑结构的知识有限。在每个子系统中具有全双工通信能力的特定交换机核心（111,211）被分配为在相同交换结构子系统中的PSC和其他SSC之间的通信的关键功能。

65. 发明授权

US06661786B1 Service message system for a switching architecture 失效
公开(公告)号：US06661786B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US09315446
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： Jean-Claude Abbiate , Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Sylvie Gohl , Michel Poret
发明人： Jean-Claude Abbiate , Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Sylvie Gohl , Michel Poret
IPC分类号： H04L1250
CPC分类号： H04L49/1523 , H04L49/552
摘要： A service message system for a switching architecture including at least one Switch Fabric (10, 20) comprising a switch core (15, 25) located in a centralized building and a set of Switch Core Access Layer (SCAL) elements distributed in different physical areas for the attachment to the different Port adapters (30, 31). Each SCAL elements particularly includes a SCAL receive element (11-i) and a SCAL Xmit element (12-i) for the respective access to one input port and one output port via serial links. The service message is based on the use of a Cell qualifier field at the beginning of each cell, which comprises a first and a second field. The first field is the Filtering Control field which permits an easy decoding of a service message cell, when applicable. The second field is used for determining which particular type of service message is conveyed via the cell. Following the Cell qualifier is the Switch Routing Header (SRH) which permits the characterization of the destination of the cell and is used for controlling the routing process. Preferably, the service message is used in a fault tolerance configuration where two different Switch Fabrics act as a standby to each other and shares a part of the traffic. Each one is configured as a default routing path for some ports adapters and a backup path for the others. In that particular configuration, the service message system of the invention uses the first field of the Cell qualifier to transport a Direct filtering command causing the Switch fabric to route the cell when the SRH is representative of its default output port destination. Conversely, the first field may transport a Reverse filtering command in the first field that causes the Switch fabric to reverse the default routing process. The first field is also used for characterizing a service message cell which the second field indicates the accurate type. Particularly, two types are used for the production of the filling cells when no data cell is to be transmitted at a particular location of the switching architecture.

66. 发明授权

US06570845B1 Switching system including a mask mechanism for altering the internal routing process 失效
标题翻译：切换系统包括用于改变内部路由过程的掩码机制
公开(公告)号：US06570845B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US09317322
申请日：1999-05-24
申请人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Alain Saurel
发明人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Alain Saurel
IPC分类号： G06F1100
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04L49/108 , H04L49/153 , H04L49/256 , H04L49/309 , H04L2012/5627 , H04L2012/5681
摘要： A switching system receives a data cell from a set of n input ports for routing to one or more output ports in accordance with the contents of a bitmap value retrieved from the cell upon its receipt. The system has a module comprising a shared buffer for storing the cells which are to be routed and a mask mechanism with a mask register for altering the value of the bitmap before it is used for controlling the routing process. As a result of operation of the mask mechanism, a cell is either transported to an output port or discarded. Two switching systems are combined in first and second switch fabrics, each having a switch core and a set of switch core access layer (SCAL) elements. Each SCAL element respectively comprises a SCAL Receive element and a SCAL Xmit element for permitting access to input and output ports of one of the switching systems.
摘要翻译：交换系统根据从单元接收到的位图值的内容，从一组n个输入端口接收用于路由到一个或多个输出端口的数据单元。该系统具有模块，该模块包括用于存储待路由的单元的共享缓冲器和具有用于在用于控制路由过程之前改变位图的值的掩码寄存器的掩码机制。作为掩模机构的操作的结果，单元被传送到输出端口或被丢弃。两个交换系统组合在第一和第二交换机结构中，每个具有交换机核心和一组交换机核心接入层（SCAL）元件。每个SCAL元件分别包括SCAL接收元件和SCAL Xmit元件，用于允许访问一个交换系统的输入和输出端口。

67. 发明授权

US06480501B1 Process for transporting a cell through a switching structure base on a single stage switch 失效
标题翻译：通过单级开关上的开关结构基地传送电池的过程
公开(公告)号：US06480501B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09100903
申请日：1998-06-19
申请人： Alain Blanc , Jean-Claude Abbiate
发明人： Alain Blanc , Jean-Claude Abbiate
IPC分类号： H04L1254
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04L49/153 , H04L49/203 , H04L49/256 , H04L49/309 , H04L49/455
摘要： A process for transporting a data cell throughout a switch fabric having a centralized switching structure and a set of distributed, generally remotely located, Switch Core Access Layers (SCAL) permitting the attachment of the protocol adapters. Remotely with respect to the centralized switching structure, the data cell which is received from a telecommunications link is divided into k logical units (LUs) and additional bytes are introduced for permitting the reservation of a bitmap field that will be used for routing through the switch core. Every LU is coded in accordance with the 8B/10B coding process. Within the centralized switching structure, the k coded LUs are deserialized and the cell clock is obtained for each cell in order to reconstitute the data cell. In addition the routing byte reservations are filled with appropriate values (bit map) for the routing process within the switch by means of an access to an entry routing table. When the cell outputs the switching structure, a second access to a routing table permits the replacement of the previous bit map by new values in order to enhance multicast capabilities. The data cell is divided again in a set of k serialized logical units (LUs) in order to prepare a serialization through k links. The LUs are coded as previously to permit the merging of the LUs when different sets of switches operated in parallel are connected in a port expansion mode. Remotely with respect to the switch core, the coded LUs are deserialized and the data cell is reconstituted by means of the deserialization and extraction of the data cell clock transported by the 8B/10B coding process. The newly inserted values of the bit map are then used for enhancing multicasting capabilities.
摘要翻译：一种用于在具有集中式交换结构的交换结构中传送数据单元的过程，以及允许协议适配器附接的分布式，通常位于远程位置的交换核心接入层（SCAL）。远离集中式交换结构，从电信链路接收的数据信元被划分为k个逻辑单元（LU），并且引入附加字节以允许保留将用于通过交换机进行路由的位图字段核心。每个LU都按照8B / 10B编码过程进行编码。在集中式交换结构中，k个编码的LU被反序列化，并且为每个小区获得单元时钟以便重构数据单元。此外，通过对入口路由表的访问，路由字节预留用交换机内的路由进程的适当值（位图）填充。当小区输出交换结构时，对路由表的第二次访问允许以先前的位图替换新的值，以便增强多播能力。为了通过k个链路准备序列化，数据信元再次被划分成一组k个串行化的逻辑单元（LU）。在以端口扩展模式连接不同组合的并行开关的情况下，逻辑单元按照以前的编码方式允许逻辑单元的合并。相对于交换机核心，编码的LU被反序列化，并且数据信元通过由8B / 10B编码过程传输的数据信元时钟的反序列化和提取来重构。然后，使用位图的新插入值来增强多播能力。

68. 发明授权

US06452900B1 Flow control process for a switching architecture using an out-of-band flow control channel and apparatus for performing the same 有权
标题翻译：使用带外流量控制信道的交换结构的流控制过程和用于执行该流控制信道的装置
公开(公告)号：US06452900B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09207061
申请日：1998-12-07
申请人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Pierre Debord , Albert Widmer
发明人： Alain Blanc , Bernard Brezzo , Pierre Debord , Albert Widmer
IPC分类号： H04L100
CPC分类号： H04L47/263 , H04L12/5602 , H04L47/10 , H04L49/255 , H04L49/3081 , H04L49/45 , H04L49/506 , H04L2012/5615 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5635
摘要： A flow control process for a switching architecture having a central switch core with associated distributed Switch Core Access Layers communicating with the core by means of serial data communication links. The serial links carry data flows that are coded in accordance with the 8B/10B coding, where two among the three comma characters are used for creating an additional specialized flow control channel. When the cells are idle or empty, the nature of the comma character that appears at the beginning of the cell provides the appropriate flow control bit information. For instance, should the K.28.5 character be detected, the receiving entity (either the switching structure or a distributed SCAL element) decodes the character as positive flow control information, corresponding to a request to reduce the incoming data flow. Also, should the K.28.1 character be decoded, then the receiving entity decodes this as information according to which no reduction in the data flow is requested. When the incoming flow provides data cells, the invention uses a predetermined bit within the data cell, generally that immediately following the beginning of the cell, in order to carry the flow control information.
摘要翻译：一种用于具有中央交换机核心的交换架构的流控制过程，其具有通过串行数据通信链路与核心通信的相关联的分布式交换机核心接入层。串行链路携带根据8B / 10B编码编码的数据流，其中三个逗号中的两个用于创建附加的专用流控制信道。当单元格空闲或空闲时，出现在单元开头的逗号字符的性质提供了适当的流控制位信息。例如，如果检测到K.28.5字符，接收实体（交换结构或分布式SCAL元素）将该字符解码为正流量控制信息，对应于减少传入数据流的请求。此外，如果解码了K.28.1字符，则接收实体将其解码为信息，根据该信息不要求数据流的减少。当传入流提供数据单元时，本发明使用数据单元内的预定位，通常是在单元开始之后，为了承载流量控制信息。

69. 发明授权

US6125114A Switching system comprising distributed elements allowing attachment to line adapters, and having multicasting capabilities 失效
标题翻译：交换系统包括允许附加到线路适配器并具有多播功能的分布式元件
公开(公告)号：US6125114A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-26
申请号：US992015
申请日：1997-12-17
申请人： Alain Blanc , Laurent Nicolas , Sylvie Gohl
发明人： Alain Blanc , Laurent Nicolas , Sylvie Gohl
IPC分类号： H04L12/54 , H04L12/70 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/933 , H04L12/935 , H04L12/937 , H04Q11/04 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04L49/108 , H04L49/1553 , H04L49/203 , H04L49/255 , H04L49/309 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/5627 , H04L2012/5672
摘要： A switching system comprising a switching structure for routing cells from a set of M input ports towards a set of M output ports. The system includes a set of distributed individual Switch Core Access layer elements which communicate with one input and output port of the switching structure by means of a set of serial communication links. Each SCAL element provides attachment to at least one Protocol Adapter and comprises a set of circuits. The receive part of each circuit includes means for introducing at least one extra byte to every cell. The extra byte is reserved for carrying a routing header for controlling the switching structure in a first step, and then for use by the PINT circuit when the cell will be received by the transmit part in a second step. The transmit part of each PINT circuit comprises a control module that receives all the cells generated at the corresponding output port and controls whether to discard the cell based on the value of the extra byte.
摘要翻译：一种交换系统，包括用于将一组M个输入端口的单元路由到一组M个输出端口的交换结构。该系统包括一组分布式的交换机核心接入层元件，它们通过一组串行通信链路与交换结构的一个输入和输出端口通信。每个SCAL元件提供至少一个协议适配器的附件，并且包括一组电路。每个电路的接收部分包括用于向每个单元引入至少一个额外字节的装置。额外的字节被保留用于携带用于在第一步骤中控制交换结构的路由报头，然后由PINT电路用于第二步中由发送部分接收信元。每个PINT电路的发送部分包括控制模块，其接收在相应输出端口处生成的所有单元，并根据额外字节的值来控制是否丢弃该单元。

70. 发明授权

US5665851A Aminoplastic resins and their use as a crosslinking agent for cellulose 失效
标题翻译：氨基塑料树脂及其作为纤维素交联剂的用途
公开(公告)号：US5665851A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-09
申请号：US517568
申请日：1995-08-21
申请人： Didier Wilhelm , Alain Blanc , William C. Floyd
发明人： Didier Wilhelm , Alain Blanc , William C. Floyd
IPC分类号： C08L1/00 , C08B15/10 , C08G12/26 , C08G12/32 , C08L61/20 , C08L61/28 , C08G12/08 , C08G12/30
CPC分类号： C08G12/26 , C08B15/10
摘要： Aminoplastic resin based on one or more amino derivatives and one or more aldehydes in which the amino derivative is melamine, glycoluril or their mixture in variable proportions and that the aldehyde is a product of formula (I) R--CHO where R=a dialkoxymethyl, 1,3-dioxolan 2-yl group optionally substituted on the vertex 4 and/or 5 by one or more alkyl groups or a 1,3-dioxan 2-yl group optionally substituted on vertices 4, 5 and/or 6 by one or more alkyl groups, optionally mixed with glyoxal, preparation process and use as a crosslinking agent for cellulose.
摘要翻译：氨基塑料树脂，其基于一种或多种氨基衍生物和一种或多种醛，其中氨基衍生物是三聚氰胺，甘脲或其可变比例的混合物，并且醛是式（I）R-CHO的产物，其中R =二烷氧基甲基，任选在顶点4和/或5上被一个或多个烷基取代的1,3-二氧戊环2-基，或任选在顶点4,5和/或6上被一个或多个取代的1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-2-基，更多的烷基，任选地与乙二醛混合，制备方法和用作纤维素的交联剂。

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