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1. 发明申请

WO2005008385A3 REPROGRAMMABLE SECURITY FOR CONTROLLING PIRACY AND ENABLING INTERACTIVE CONTENT 审中-公开
标题翻译：控制真菌和促进交互性内容的可重用安全性
公开(公告)号：WO2005008385A3
公开(公告)日：2005-05-19
申请号：PCT/US2004021621
申请日：2004-07-07
申请人： CRYPTOGRAPHY RES INC , KOCHER PAUL C , JAFFE JOSHUA M , JUN BENJAMIN C , LAREN CARTER C , PEARSON PETER K
发明人： KOCHER PAUL C , JAFFE JOSHUA M , JUN BENJAMIN C , LAREN CARTER C , PEARSON PETER K
IPC分类号： G06Q50/00 , G06F20060101 , G06F1/00 , G06F12/14 , G06Q30/00 , G09C1/00 , G11B20/00 , G11B20/10 , G11B20/12 , G11B27/00 , H04L9/08 , H04L9/30 , H04N5/91 , H04N5/913
CPC分类号： G06F21/10 , G06F9/445 , G06F21/64 , G06Q50/188 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00115 , G11B20/0021 , G11B20/00231 , G11B20/00246 , G11B20/00253 , G11B20/00449 , G11B20/00818 , G11B20/00884 , H04L9/0844 , H04L9/302 , H04L9/3236 , H04L9/3249 , H04L9/3271 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/60 , H04N5/913 , H04N21/4181 , H04N21/42646 , H04N21/4325 , H04N21/4405 , H04N21/4627 , H04N21/8193 , H04N21/8358 , H04N2005/91342 , H04N2005/91364
摘要： Technologies are disclosed to transfer responsibility and control over security from player makers to content authors by enabling integration of security logic and content. An exemplary optical disk (200) carries an encrypted digital video title combined with data processing operations (225) that implement the titles security policies and decryption processes. Player devices include a processing environment (e.g., a real-time virtual machine), which plays content by interpreting its processing operations. Players also provide procedure calls to enable content code to load data from media, perform network communications, determine playback environment configurations (225), access secure non-volatile storage, submit data to CODECs for output (250), and/or perform cryptographic operations. Content can insert forensic watermarks in decoded output for tracing pirate copies. If pirates compromise a player or title, future content can be mastered with security features that, for example, block the attack, revoke pirated media, or use native code to correct player vulnerabilities.
摘要翻译：通过实现安全逻辑和内容的集成，公开了技术来将责任和控制权从播放器制造者转移到内容作者。示例性光盘（200）携带加密的数字视频标题，其与实现标题安全策略和解密处理的数据处理操作（225）组合。播放器设备包括通过解释其处理操作播放内容的处理环境（例如，实时虚拟机）。播放器还提供程序调用，使得内容代码能够从媒体加载数据，执行网络通信，确定播放环境配置（225），访问安全的非易失性存储，向CODEC提交数据以输出（250）和/或执行加密操作。内容可以在解码输出中插入取证水印，以追踪盗版副本。如果海盗妥协一个玩家或者标题，那么未来的内容就可以掌握安全功能，例如阻止攻击，撤销盗版媒体或使用本机代码纠正播放器漏洞。

2. 发明申请

WO9967766A2 BALANCED CRYPTOGRAPHIC COMPUTATIONAL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LEAK MINIMIZATION IN SMARTCARDS AND OTHER CRYPTOSYSTEMS 审中-公开
标题翻译：智能卡和其他CRYPTOSYSMS中的平均最小化平衡计算方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO9967766A2
公开(公告)日：1999-12-29
申请号：PCT/US9912739
申请日：1999-06-03
申请人： CRYPTOGRAPHY RES INC , JAFFE JOSHUA M , KOCHER PAUL C , JUN BENJAMIN C
发明人： JAFFE JOSHUA M , KOCHER PAUL C , JUN BENJAMIN C
IPC分类号： H04L9/06 , G09C1/12
CPC分类号： H04L9/0618 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/755 , G06F2207/7219 , H04L9/003 , H04L63/1441 , H04L2209/122
摘要： Cryptographic devices that leak information about their secrets through externally monitorable characteristics (such as electromagnetic radiation and power consumption) may be vulnerable to attack, and previously-known methods that could address such leaking are inappropriate for smartcards and many other cryptographic applications. Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for performing computations in which the representation of data, the number of system state transitions at each computational step, and the Hamming weights of all operands are independent of computation inputs, intermediate values, or results. Exemplary embodiments implemented using conventional (leaky) hardware elements (such as electronic components, logic gates, etc.) as well as software executing on conventional (leaky) microprocessors are described. Smartcards and other tamper-resistant devices of the invention provide greatly improved resistance to cryptographic attacks involving external monitoring.
摘要翻译：通过外部可监控特性（如电磁辐射和功耗）泄露其秘密信息的密码设备可能容易受到攻击，而可能解决此类漏洞的先前已知的方法不适用于智能卡和许多其他密码应用。公开了用于执行计算的方法和装置，其中数据的表示，每个计算步骤的系统状态转换的数量以及所有操作数的汉明权重与计算输入，中间值或结果无关。描述了使用常规（泄漏）硬件元件（例如电子元件，逻辑门等）实现的示例性实施例以及在常规（泄漏）微处理器上执行的软件。本发明的智能卡和其他防篡改装置提供了大大提高的抵抗涉及外部监视的密码攻击的能力。

3. 发明申请

WO9967919A3 IMPROVED DES AND OTHER CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES WITH LEAK MINIMIZATION FOR SMARTCARDS AND OTHER CRYPTOSYSTEMS 审中-公开
标题翻译：改进DES和其他用于智能卡和其他CRYPTOSYSMS的泄漏最小化的克隆过程
公开(公告)号：WO9967919A3
公开(公告)日：2000-03-23
申请号：PCT/US9912734
申请日：1999-06-03
申请人： CRYPTOGRAPHY RES INC
发明人： KOCHER PAUL C , JAFFE JOSHUA M , JUN BENJAMIN C
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , H04L9/06 , H04L9/32
CPC分类号： H04L9/0625 , G06F21/556 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/755 , G06F2207/7219 , H04L9/003 , H04L2209/046 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/127
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for improving DES and other cryptographic protocols against external monitoring attacks by reducing the amount (and signal-to-noise ratio) of useful information leaked during processing. An improved DES implementation of the invention instead uses two 56-bit keys (K1 and K2) (100) and two 64-bit plaintext messages (M1 and M2), each associated with a permutation (i.e., K1P, K2P and M1P, M2P) such that K1P {K1} XOR K2P {K2} equals the "standard" DES key K (110), and M1P {M1} XOR M2P {M2} equals the "standard" message. During operation (145) of the device, the tables are preferably periodically updated, by introducing fresh entropy into the tables faster than information leaks out, so that attackers will not be able to obtain the table contents by analysis of measurements. The technique is implementable in cryptographic smartcards, tamper resistant chips, and secure processing systems of all kinds.
摘要翻译：公开了用于通过减少在处理期间泄露的有用信息的量（和信噪比）来改善DES和其他加密协议以抵抗外部监视攻击的方法和装置。本发明改进的DES实现代替使用两个56位密钥（K1和K2）（100）和两个64位明文消息（M1和M2），每个与置换相关联（即，K1P，K2P和M1P，M2P ），使得K1P {K1} XOR K2P {K2}等于“标准”DES密钥K（110），并且M1P {M1} XOR M2P {M2}等于“标准”消息。在设备的操作（145）期间，优选地通过将新鲜熵引入表中来快速地将信息泄漏出来，周期性地更新表，使得攻击者将不能通过分析测量获得表内容。该技术可以在加密智能卡，防篡改芯片和各种安全处理系统中实现。

4. 发明申请

WO9967909A3 SECURE MODULAR EXPONENTIATION WITH LEAK MINIMIZATION FOR SMARTCARDS AND OTHER CRYPTOSYSTEMS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于智能卡和其他CRYPTOSYSTEMS的安全模块化授权与泄漏最小化
公开(公告)号：WO9967909A3
公开(公告)日：2000-05-04
申请号：PCT/US9912740
申请日：1999-06-03
申请人： CRYPTOGRAPHY RES INC
发明人： KOCHER PAUL C , JAFFE JOSHUA M
IPC分类号： G06F7/72 , H04L9/28 , G06F12/14
CPC分类号： H04L9/3066 , G06F7/723 , G06F7/725 , G06F21/556 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/755 , G06F2207/7261 , H04L9/003 , H04L9/0841 , H04L2209/127 , H04L2209/56
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for securing cryptosystems against external monitoring attacks by reducing the amount (and signal to noise ratio) of useful information leaked during processing. In general, this is accomplished by implementing critical operations using "branchless" or fixed execution path routines (115, 125) whereby the execution path does not vary in any manner that can reveal new information about the secret key during subsequent operations. More particularly, various embodiments of the invention include: implementing modular exponentiation without key-dependent conditional jumps (125); implementing modular exponentiation with fixed memory access patterns (120); implementing modular multiplication without using leak-prone multiplication-by-one operations (115); and implementing leak-minimization multiplication (and other operations) for elliptic curve cryptosystems (130).
摘要翻译：公开了用于通过减少在处理期间泄露的有用信息的量（和信噪比）来保护密码系统免受外部监视攻击的方法和装置。通常，这是通过使用“无分支”或固定执行路径例程（115,125）实现关键操作来实现的，由此执行路径不以可以在随后的操作期间揭示有关秘密密钥的新信息的任何方式变化。更具体地，本发明的各种实施例包括：实现没有密钥依赖条件跳转（125）的模幂运算; 用固定存储器访问模式（120）实现模幂运算; 实现模乘，而不使用易泄漏的乘法运算（115）; 并为椭圆曲线密码系统（130）实施泄漏最小化乘法（和其他操作）。

5. 发明申请

WO9967766A8 BALANCED CRYPTOGRAPHIC COMPUTATIONAL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LEAK MINIMIZATION IN SMARTCARDS AND OTHER CRYPTOSYSTEMS 审中-公开
标题翻译：智能卡和其他CRYPTOSYSMS中的平均最小化平衡计算方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO9967766A8
公开(公告)日：2000-07-27
申请号：PCT/US9912739
申请日：1999-06-03
申请人： CRYPTOGRAPHY RES INC
发明人： JAFFE JOSHUA M , KOCHER PAUL C , JUN BENJAMIN C
IPC分类号： H04L9/06 , G09C1/12
CPC分类号： H04L9/0618 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/755 , G06F2207/7219 , H04L9/003 , H04L63/1441 , H04L2209/122
摘要： Cryptographic devices that leak information about their secrets through externally monitorable characteristics (such as electromagnetic radiation and power consumption) may be vulnerable to attack, and previously-known methods that could address such leaking are inappropriate for smartcard and many other cryptographic applications. Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for performing computations in which the representation of data, the number of system state transitions at each computational step, and the Hamming weights of all operands are independent of computation inputs, intermediate values, or results. Exemplary embodiments (figure 6) implemented using conventional hardware elements such as electronic components (611, 613) and logic gates (610, 620, 630, 640) as well as software executing on conventional microprocessors are described.
摘要翻译：通过外部可监视特性（如电磁辐射和功耗）泄露其秘密信息的密码设备可能容易受到攻击，并且可能解决此类漏洞的先前已知的方法不适用于智能卡和许多其他密码应用。公开了用于执行计算的方法和装置，其中数据的表示，每个计算步骤的系统状态转换的数量以及所有操作数的汉明权重与计算输入，中间值或结果无关。描述了使用诸如电子部件（611,613）和逻辑门（610,620,630,640）的常规硬件元件实现的示例性实施例（图6）以及在常规微处理器上执行的软件。

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