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    • 7. 发明授权
    • Method for the production of precision castings by centrifugal casting with controlled solidification
    • 通过离心铸造控制凝固生产精密铸件的方法
    • US06250366B1
    • 2001-06-26
    • US08937995
    • 1997-09-26
    • Alok ChoudhuryHarald ScholzMatthias BlumGeorg JarczykMarek GorywodaDavid Francis Lupton
    • Alok ChoudhuryHarald ScholzMatthias BlumGeorg JarczykMarek GorywodaDavid Francis Lupton
    • B22D1306
    • B22D13/04B22D27/003B22D27/045B22D27/15
    • In the production of precision castings by centrifugal casting with controlled solidification, a melt is cast under vacuum or shield gas into a pre-heated mold (15) with a central gate (19) and several mold cavities proceeding from the gate toward the outer circumference (Da) of the mold (15). To prevent the formation of shrinkholes and porous areas in the castings, to save energy, and to increase the production rate, the mold (15) is operated at temperatures which decrease from the inside toward the outside. The mold consists of a material or material combination with a coefficient of thermal conductivity lower than that of copper. Before the melt is poured, the mold (15) is heated, starting from the gate (19), by a heating device (20), which projects into the gate, so that the gate (19) reaches a temperature which is a function of the material being cast. Heating is carried out at a rate sufficient to produce a temperature gradient of at least 100° C., preferably of 200-600° C., even more preferably of 300-500° C., between the inside circumference (Di) and the outside circumference (Da). The invention is used preferably for the production of precision castings of metals of the group titanium, titanium alloys with at least 40 wt. % of the titanium, and superalloys.
    • 在通过具有受控凝固的离心铸造生产精密铸件时,将熔体在真空下或保护气体下铸入具有中心浇口(19)的预热模具(15)中,并且从浇口朝向外圆周 (15)的(Da)。 为了防止在铸件中形成收缩孔和多孔区域,为了节省能量并提高生产率,模具(15)在从内向外减小的温度下运行。 模具由材料或材料组合组成,其导热系数低于铜的导热系数。 在熔融物浇注之前,模具(15)从浇口(19)开始被加入装置(20)加热,加热装置(20)突入浇口,使得浇口(19)达到功能的温度 的材料被铸造。 以足以在内圆周(Di)和内径(Di)之间产生至少100℃,优选200-600℃,甚至更优选300-500℃的温度梯度的速率进行加热 外围(Da)。 本发明优选用于生产钛,钛合金金属的精密铸件,其具有至少40wt。 %的钛和超级合金。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Process for making an indium-tin-oxide shaped body
    • 制造氧化铟锡体的方法
    • US06080341A
    • 2000-06-27
    • US310310
    • 1999-05-12
    • Bernd StengerMarek GorywodaDavid Francis LuptonWolfram GrafWolfgang Jablonski
    • Bernd StengerMarek GorywodaDavid Francis LuptonWolfram GrafWolfgang Jablonski
    • C04B35/457C04B35/622C23C14/34C04B35/64
    • C23C14/3414C04B35/457C04B35/622
    • A process for making an indium-tin-oxide shaped body, comprising: (a) filling an indium-tin-oxide powder into a first flexible mold, the indium-tin-oxide powder having a specific BET surface of at most 3 m.sup.2 /g with a mean primary particle size of 0.03 .mu.m to 1.0 .mu.m and/or having a density of at least 40% of theoretical density after cold pressing at a pressure of 100 MPa and/or the indium-tin-oxide powder being made by reacting at least two reaction partners comprising a molten indium-tin-metal alloy as a first reaction partner and oxygen as a second reaction partner in a plasma arc in a plasma chamber provided with an inlet opening for the reaction partners and an outlet with a gas-supply device to obtain a material, and quenching the material at the outlet opening of the plasma chamber with a gas stream which cools the material at a cooling rate of 10.sup.5 K/s to 10.sup.8 K/s to +50.degree. C. to +400.degree. C.; (b) cold pressing the indium-tin-oxide powder at a minimum pressure of 100 MPa; (c) placing the cold compact released from the first mold in a ceramic powder in a second mold, the ceramic powder having a maximum particle diameter of 250 .mu.m, and a melting point and a sintering temperature higher than +800.degree. C., the melting point of the second mold being higher than 800.degree. C. and the second mold being ductile under the conditions of a hot isostatic pressing; (d) sealing the second mold in a gastight manner; and (e) subjecting the wetted cold compact to hot isostatic pressing at a minimum temperature of +800.degree. C. and a minimum pressure of 20 MPa.
    • 一种制造铟锡氧化物成形体的方法,包括:(a)将铟锡氧化物粉末填充到第一柔性模具中,所述铟锡氧化物粉末具有至多3m 2 / g,平均一次粒径为0.03μm〜1.0μm,和/或在100MPa的压力下冷压后具有至少40%的理论密度的密度和/或制造的氧化铟锡粉末 通过使等离子体室中的至少两个包含熔融的铟 - 锡 - 金属合金作为第一反应伴侣的氧和作为第二反应配对的氧反应,所述等离子体室具有用于反应配体的入口和具有 气体供给装置,以获得材料,并且以105K / s至108K / s至+ 50℃的冷却速率将材料冷却的气流淬火在等离子体室的出口处的材料, +400℃。 (b)在100MPa的最小压力下冷压氧化铟锡粉末; (c)将从第一模具释放的冷压实体放置在第二模具中的陶瓷粉末中,所述陶瓷粉末的最大粒径为250μm,熔点和烧结温度高于+800℃, 第二模具的熔点高于800℃,第二模具在热等静压的条件下是延性的; (d)以气密方式密封第二模具; 和(e)在+ 800℃的最低温度和20MPa的最小压力下对湿润的冷成型体进行热等静压。