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    • 2. 发明授权
    • A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine
    • US4837361A
    • 1989-06-06
    • US122725
    • 1987-11-18
    • Shih-Ger ChangDavid K. LiuElizabeth A. GriffithsDavid Littlejohn
    • Shih-Ger ChangDavid K. LiuElizabeth A. GriffithsDavid Littlejohn
    • B01D53/60
    • B01D53/60
    • The present invention in one aspect relates to a process for the simultaneous removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 from a fluid stream comprising mixtures thereof and in another aspect relates to the separation, use and/or regeneration of various chemicals contaminated or spent in the process and which includes the steps of:(A) contacting the fluid stream at a temperature of between about 105.degree. and 180.degree. C. with a liquid aqueous slurry or solution comprising an effective amount of an iron chelate of an amino acid moiety having at least one --SH group;(B) separating the fluid stream from the particulates formed in step (A) comprising the chelate of the amino acid moiety and fly ash;(C) washing and separating the particulates of step (B) with an aqeous solution having a pH value of between about 5 to 8;(D) subsequently washing and separating the particulates of step (C) with a strongly acidic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 1 to 3;(E) washing and separating the particulates of step (D) with an basic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 9 to 12;(F) optionally adding additional amino acid moiety, iron (II) and alkali to the aqueous liquid from step (D) to produce an aqueous solution or slurry similar to that in step (A) having a pH value of between about 4 to 12; and(G) recycling the aqueous slurry of step (F) to the contacting zone of step (A).Steps (D) and (E) can be carried out in the reverse sequence, however the preferred order is (D) and then (E).In a preferred embodiment the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation (regeneration) of cysteine from cystine, which includes reacting an aqueous solution of cystine at a pH of between about 9 to 13 with a reducing agent selected from hydrogen sulfide or alkali metal sulfides, sulfur dioxide, an alkali metal sulfite or mixtures thereof for a time and at a temperature effective to cleave and reduce the cystine to cysteine with subsequent recovery of the cysteine.In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a process for the removal of NO.sub.x, SO.sub.2 and particulates from a fluid stream which includes the steps of (A) injecting into a reaction zone an aqueous solution itself comprising (i) an amino acid moiety selected from those described above; (ii) iron (II) ion; and (iii) an alkali, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of between about 4 and 11; followed by solids separation and washing as is described in steps (B), (C), (D) and (E) above. The overall process is useful to reduce acid rain components from combustion gas sources.
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Process for the combined removal of SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x from flue gas
    • US4732744A
    • 1988-03-22
    • US923541
    • 1986-10-27
    • Shih-Ger ChangDavid K. LiuElizabeth A. GriffithsDavid Littlejohn
    • Shih-Ger ChangDavid K. LiuElizabeth A. GriffithsDavid Littlejohn
    • B01D53/60C01B21/00C01B17/00
    • B01D53/60
    • The present invention in one aspect relates to a process for the simultaneous removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 from a fluid stream comprising mixtures thereof and in another aspect relates to the separation, use and/or regeneration of various chemicals contaminated or spent in the process and which includes the steps of:(A) contacting the fluid stream at a temperature of between about 105.degree. and 180.degree. C. with a liquid aqueous slurry or solution comprising an effective amount of an iron chelate of an amino acid moiety having at least one --SH group;(B) separating the fluid stream from the particulates formed in step (A) comprising the chelate of the amino acid moiety and fly ash;(C) washing and separating the particulates of step (B) with an aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 5 to 8;(D) subsequently washing and separating the particulates of step (C) with a strongly acidic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 1 to 3;(E) washing and separating the particulates of step (D) with an basic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 9 to 12;(F) optionally adding additional amino acid moiety, iron (II) and alkali to the aqueous liquid from step (D) to produce an aqueous solution or slurry similar to that in step (A) having a pH value of between about 4 to 12; and(G) recycling the aqueous slurry of step (F) to the contacting zone of step (A).Steps (D) and (E) can be carried out in the reverse sequence, however the preferred order is (D) and then (E).In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a process for the removal of NO.sub.x, SO.sub.2 and particulates from a fluid stream which includes the steps of (A) injecting into a reaction zone an aqueous solution itself comprising (i) an amino acid moiety selected from those described above; (ii) iron (II) ion; and (iii) an alkali, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of between about 4 and 11; followed by solids separation and washing as is described in steps (B), (C), (D) and (E) above. The overall process is useful to reduce acid rain components from combustion gas sources.
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Atomic spectroscopy
    • 原子光谱
    • US4824241A
    • 1989-04-25
    • US57727
    • 1987-06-02
    • David LittlejohnJohn Marshall
    • David LittlejohnJohn Marshall
    • G01N21/31G01N21/74
    • G01N21/74
    • A method of atomic spectroscopy is provided involving the steps of inserting a probe into a cuvette, depositing a sample to be atomized onto the probe by means of a sample dispenser, withdrawing the probe from the cuvette, heating the cuvette to a desired temperature sufficient to atomize the sample, and then reinserting the probe into the cuvette. The sample dispenser may be a manually-operated pipette, or the dosing tube of an autosampler. Liquid samples may be dried by heating the cuvette to a temperature lower than the atomization temperature before withdrawing the probe from the cuvette. Both solid and liquid samples may be atomized by this procedure. Such samples also may be ashed where appropriate by heating the cuvette to a second temperature between the first temperature and the atomization temperature before withdrawing the probe from the cuvette. A spectrophotometer using the technique is also described.
    • 提供了一种原子光谱学方法,其包括以下步骤:将探针插入比色杯中,通过样品分配器将待雾化的样品沉积到探针上,将样品池从试管中取出,将试管加热到足够的温度 雾化样品,然后将探针重新插入比色皿。 样品分配器可以是手动移液器或自动进样器的计量管。 在将探针从比色皿中取出之前,通过将比色皿加热至低于雾化温度的温度,可以干燥液体样品。 固体和液体样品都可以通过该程序雾化。 这样的样品也可以在将试管从比色杯取出之前,通过将比色皿加热到第一温度和雾化温度之间的第二温度来适当地被灰化。 还描述了使用该技术的分光光度计。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Electrothermal atomizer
    • 电热雾化器
    • US4657389A
    • 1987-04-14
    • US749051
    • 1985-06-26
    • David Littlejohn
    • David Littlejohn
    • G01N21/31G01N21/74
    • G01N21/74
    • An electrothermal atomizer comprises a cuvette (1) clamped between two electrodes (2,3) to which an electrical power supply (4) is connected. A probe comprising a tubular head portion (5) and a stem portion (6) is insertable in and removable from the cuvette (1) by means of a rack (9) driven by a motor via a gear (10).By making the probe head (5) in the form of a tube, a large sample volume can be accommodated, and by forming the stem (6) at the top of the tube (5), spreading of acid samples along the stem during the drying phase is minimized.
    • 电热雾化器包括夹在电源(4)连接到的两个电极(2,3)之间的比色杯(1)。 包括管状头部(5)和杆部(6)的探针可通过齿轮(10)由电动机驱动的齿条(9)插入并从反应杯(1)中移除。 通过将探针头(5)制成管的形式,可以容纳大的样品体积,并且通过在管(5)的顶部形成茎(6),在 干燥相最小化。