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1. 发明授权

US06829637B2 Distributed shared memory for server clusters 失效
标题翻译：服务器群集的分布式共享内存
公开(公告)号：US06829637B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US09915667
申请日：2001-07-26
申请人： Ravindranath Kokku , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
发明人： Ravindranath Kokku , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
IPC分类号： G06F1500
CPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04L67/1002 , H04L2029/06054
摘要： A system comprising a cluster of diskless servers employing a distributed shared memory abstraction that presents an area of shared memory for two or more processes executing on different servers in the cluster. The invention provides the appearance of a shared memory space between two or more processes thereby potentially reducing disk latency or eliminating redundant computation associated with conventional server clusters. The DSM abstraction may be dynamically alterable such that selectable groups of processes executing on the cluster share a common address space temporarily. The shared memory spaces may be determined empirically or servers may subscribe to a group reactively in response to client requests. Multiple groups may exist simultaneously and a single server may belong to more than one group. The types of objects to which the abstraction is applied may be restricted. Shared memory may be restricted, for example, to read-only objects to alleviate consistency considerations.
摘要翻译：一种系统，包括采用分布式共享存储器抽象的无盘服务器集群，其呈现在集群中的不同服务器上执行的两个或多个进程的共享存储器区域。本发明提供在两个或更多个进程之间的共享存储器空间的出现，从而潜在地减少磁盘延迟或消除与常规服务器集群相关联的冗余计算。 DSM抽象可以是可动态地改变的，使得在集群上执行的可选择的进程组可临时共享公共地址空间。可以根据经验确定共享存储器空间，或者服务器可以响应于客户端请求反应地订阅组。多个组可以同时存在，并且单个服务器可以属于多个组。可以限制应用抽象的对象的类型。共享内存可能会被限制，例如，限制为只读对象以减轻一致性问题。

2. 发明授权

US08370517B2 Conserving energy in a data processing network 失效
公开(公告)号：US08370517B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-05
申请号：US09965013
申请日：2001-09-27
申请人： Patrick Joseph Bohrer , Bishop Chapman Brock , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
发明人： Patrick Joseph Bohrer , Bishop Chapman Brock , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F1/3203 , G06F1/324 , H04L29/06 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/1014 , H04L67/1029 , H04L67/1031 , H04L69/24 , H04L69/329 , Y02D10/126
摘要： A data processing network and method for conserving energy in which an initial negotiation between a network server and a switch to which the server is connected is performed to establish an initial operating frequency of the server-switch link. An effective data rate of the server is determined based on network traffic at the server. Responsive to determining that the effective data rate is materially different than the current operating frequency, a subsequent negotiation is performed to establish a modified operating frequency where the modified operating frequency is closer to the effective data rate than the initial operating frequency. The determination of the effective date rate and the contingent initiation of a subsequent negotiation may be repeated periodically during the operating of the network. In one embodiment, the initial and subsequent negotiation are compliant with the IEEE 802.3 standard.

3. 发明授权

US06499028B1 Efficient identification of candidate pages and dynamic response in a NUMA computer 失效
标题翻译：在NUMA计算机中有效识别候选页面和动态响应
公开(公告)号：US06499028B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-24
申请号：US09282625
申请日：1999-03-31
申请人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , David Brian Glasco , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
发明人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , David Brian Glasco , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3414 , G06F11/3471 , G06F11/3495 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/0813 , G06F2201/81 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/87 , G06F2201/88 , G06F2212/2542 , Y10S707/99934
摘要： A performance monitor configured to count memory transactions and to issue an interrupt to the computer system if the monitor detects a specified number of transactions associated with a particular segment of the physical address space of the system. The monitor includes an interface suitable for coupling to an interconnect network of a computer system and configured to extract physical address information from a transaction traversing the interconnect network, a translation module adapted for associating the extracted physical address with one of a plurality of memory blocks and, in response thereto, incrementing a memory block counter corresponding to the memory block, and an interrupt unit configured to assert an interrupt if the block counter exceeds a predetermined value. The interface unit is configurable to selectively monitor either incoming or outgoing transactions and the translation unit preferably includes a plurality of region filters each comprising one or more of the memory blocks. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of block counters are implemented with a random access memory device. In one embodiment useful for simulating operation of the system and for checking the design of the performance monitor, the monitor further includes a transaction generator coupled to the interconnect network and configured to issue specified remote memory transactions at specified intervals if a monitor enable bit of the performance monitor is disabled. In one embodiment, the transaction generator is configurable to issue either outgoing transactions or incoming transactions.
摘要翻译：如果监视器检测到与系统的物理地址空间的特定段相关联的指定数量的事务，则性能监视器被配置为对存储器事务进行计数并向计算机系统发出中断。监视器包括适于耦合到计算机系统的互连网络并被配置为从穿过互连网络的事务提取物理地址信息的接口，适于将所提取的物理地址与多个存储器块中的一个相关联的翻译模块，以及响应于此，增加对应于存储块的存储器块计数器，以及中断单元，被配置为在块计数器超过预定值时断言中断。接口单元可配置为选择性地监视输入或输出事务，并且转换单元优选地包括多个区域滤波器，每个区域滤波器包括一个或多个存储器块。在优选实施例中，多个块计数器由随机存取存储器件实现。在一个实施例中有用于模拟系统的操作和用于检查性能监视器的设计，监视器还包括耦合到互连网络并被配置为以特定间隔发布指定的远程存储器事务的事务发生器，如果监视器使能位性能监视器被禁用。在一个实施例中，事务生成器可配置为发出传出事务或传入事务。

4. 发明授权

US06442654B1 Operating system support for in-server caching of documents 失效
标题翻译：操作系统支持文件的服务器缓存
公开(公告)号：US06442654B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09458406
申请日：1999-12-10
申请人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
发明人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： H04L67/2842
摘要： A system and method for providing in-server caching of shared data involves a server program that defines a server cache in RAM of a server machine and stores a selected file in the server cache. If a cached file is modified through the file system interface of the operating system of the server machine, the operating system automatically issues an upcall to the server program, the upcall identifying the modified file. In response to receipt of the upcall, the server program removes the modified file from the server cache. In one embodiment, the server program responds to a client request requiring access to a requested file by obtaining the requested file from the server cache if the server cache contains that file. Otherwise, the server program calls the operating system to obtain the requested file and then adds that file to the server cache as a cached file. The server program then generates a result based on the requested file and transmits the result to the remote data processing system.
摘要翻译：用于提供共享数据的服务器间缓存的系统和方法涉及服务器程序，该服务器程序在服务器机器的RAM中定义服务器高速缓存，并将选定的文件存储在服务器高速缓存中。如果通过服务器机器的操作系统的文件系统界面修改缓存的文件，则操作系统会自动向服务器程序发出一个上调，标识修改后的文件。响应于接收到上调，服务器程序从服务器缓存中删除修改的文件。在一个实施例中，如果服务器高速缓存包含该文件，服务器程序通过从服务器高速缓存获得所请求的文件来响应需要访问所请求文件的客户端请求。否则，服务器程序会调用操作系统来获取所请求的文件，然后将该文件作为缓存文件添加到服务器缓存中。然后，服务器程序基于所请求的文件生成结果，并将结果发送到远程数据处理系统。

5. 发明授权

US06601149B1 Memory transaction monitoring system and user interface 失效
标题翻译：内存事务监控系统和用户界面
公开(公告)号：US06601149B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-29
申请号：US09460831
申请日：1999-12-14
申请人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
发明人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
IPC分类号： G06F1300
CPC分类号： G06F11/323
摘要： A system for and method of monitoring memory transactions in a data processing system are disclosed. The method includes defining a set of memory transaction attributes with a monitoring system and detecting, on a data processing system connected to the monitoring system, memory transactions that match the defined set of memory transaction attributes. The number of detected memory transactions occurring during a specified duration are then displayed in a graphical format. In one embodiment, the data processing system comprises a non-uniform memory architecture (NUMA) system comprising a set of nodes. In this embodiment, the detected transactions comprise transactions passing through a switch connecting the nodes of the NUMA system. The set of memory transaction attributes may include memory transaction type information, node information, and transaction direction information. The data processing system may operate under a first operating system such as a Unix® based system while the monitoring system operates under a second operating system such as a Windows® operating system. The set of memory transactions may include memory address information. In this embodiment, defining the memory address information may include defining a memory window size, subdividing the memory window into a set of memory grains, and displaying the number of detected memory transactions corresponding to each memory grain in the memory window.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在数据处理系统中监视存储器事务的系统和方法。该方法包括使用监视系统定义一组存储器事务属性，并且在连接到监视系统的数据处理系统上检测与定义的存储器事务属性集匹配的存储器事务。然后以图形格式显示在指定持续时间内发生的检测到的内存事务的数量。在一个实施例中，数据处理系统包括包括一组节点的非均匀存储器架构（NUMA）系统。在该实施例中，检测到的事务包括通过连接NUMA系统的节点的交换机的事务。存储器事务属性集合可以包括存储器事务类型信息，节点信息和事务方向信息。数据处理系统可以在诸如基于Unix的系统之类的第一操作系统下操作，同时监视系统在诸如Windows操作系统的第二操作系统下操作。存储器事务的集合可以包括存储器地址信息。在该实施例中，定义存储器地址信息可以包括定义存储器窗口大小，将存储器窗口细分成一组存储器晶粒，以及显示对应于存储器窗口中的每个存储器颗粒的检测到的存储器事务的数量。

6. 发明授权

US07366833B2 Method and system for enhanced scheduling of memory access requests 有权
标题翻译：用于增强内存访问请求调度的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07366833B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-29
申请号：US10334279
申请日：2002-12-31
申请人： Anupam Chanda , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
发明人： Anupam Chanda , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/0659 , G06F3/0613 , G06F3/0674
摘要： In information storage systems in which data retrieval requires movement of at least one physical element, a measurable amount of time is required to reposition that physical element in response to each data write or read request. After selecting one or more data requests for dispatch based solely on an approaching or past due time deadline, additional requests are identified for data to be read or written to locations which are in close proximity to previously scheduled requests, previously selected additional requests, or the present position of the moveable physical element, obviating the need to expend the full amount of time required to accelerate the physical element and then decelerate the physical element to position it over the desired area within the information storage system. In this manner, data may be transferred to or retrieved from an information storage system more efficiently with less expenditure of time.
摘要翻译：在其中数据检索需要移动至少一个物理元件的信息存储系统中，需要可测量的时间量来重新定位该物理元件以响应于每个数据写入或读取请求。仅在接近或过期到期时间限制之后选择一个或多个数据请求进行调度时，将为要被读取或写入到紧邻先前调度的请求，先前选择的附加请求的位置的数据识别附加请求，或者可移动物理元件的当前位置，避免需要花费加速物理元件所需的全部时间，然后减速物理元件以将其定位在信息存储系统内的期望区域上。以这种方式，可以以更少的时间花费更有效地将数据传送到信息存储系统或从信息存储系统检索。

7. 发明授权

US06473085B1 System for dynamically adjusting image quality for interactive graphics applications 有权
标题翻译：用于动态调整交互式图形应用程序图像质量的系统
公开(公告)号：US06473085B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09465295
申请日：1999-12-17
申请人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazebllah Nabil Elinozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
发明人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazebllah Nabil Elinozahy , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： G06T15/00
摘要： A method and system for optimizing image quality while operating an interactive graphics application within a data processing system. First, the image rendering speed for each of the rendering modes available within the interactive graphics application are assessed. Upon initial operation of the interactive graphics system, a default rendering mode is activated. During operation of the interactive graphics application, the processing load imposed on the data processing system is monitored and utilized as a user activity metric. The active rendering mode is updated in accordance with the user activity metric, such that the speed of the selected rendering mode varies inversely with the current processing load.
摘要翻译：一种用于在数据处理系统内操作交互式图形应用程序时优化图像质量的方法和系统。首先，评估交互式图形应用中可用的每个呈现模式的图像呈现速度。在交互式图形系统的初始操作时，默认渲染模式被激活。在交互式图形应用的操作期间，对数据处理系统施加的处理负荷被监视并用作用户活动度量。主动渲染模式根据用户活动度量被更新，使得所选渲染模式的速度与当前处理负载成反比变化。

8. 发明授权

US06349394B1 Performance monitoring in a NUMA computer 失效
标题翻译： NUMA电脑中的性能监控
公开(公告)号：US06349394B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-19
申请号：US09282626
申请日：1999-03-31
申请人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , David Brian Glasco , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
发明人： Bishop Chapman Brock , Eli Chiprout , Elmootazbellah Nabil Elnozahy , David Brian Glasco , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Ronald Lynn Rockhold
IPC分类号： G06F1100
CPC分类号： G06F11/3471 , G06F11/302 , G06F11/3072 , G06F11/349 , G06F2201/87 , G06F2201/88
摘要： A performance monitor for a computer system that includes an interface, a filter module, and an address mapping module. The interface is suitable for coupling to an interconnect network of the computer system. The interconnect network links a local node of the system with at least one remote node of the system. The interface is configured to extract physical address information from a transaction traversing the interconnect network. The filter module associates the physical address with one of several memory blocks, where each memory block comprises a contiguous portion of the system's physical address space. The address mapping module associates the identified memory block with at least one range of virtual addresses associated with at least one of a plurality of concurrently executing programs and increments each of a set of access counters. The association between the selected memory block and the access counters is facilitated by a pointer field corresponding to the memory block.
摘要翻译：包括接口，过滤器模块和地址映射模块的计算机系统的性能监视器。该接口适用于耦合到计算机系统的互连网络。互连网络将系统的本地节点与系统的至少一个远程节点连接。该接口被配置为从穿过互连网络的事务提取物理地址信息。滤波器模块将物理地址与几个存储器块之一相关联，其中每个存储器块包括系统的物理地址空间的连续部分。地址映射模块将所识别的存储器块与至少一个与多个并发执行程序中的至少一个相关联的虚拟地址范围进行关联，并增加一组访问计数器的每一个。所选择的存储块和存取计数器之间的关联由对应于存储块的指针字段来促进。

9. 发明授权

US08966219B2 Address translation through an intermediate address space 有权
标题翻译：通过中间地址空间进行地址转换
公开(公告)号：US08966219B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-24
申请号：US11928125
申请日：2007-10-30
申请人： Ramakrishnan Rajamony , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
发明人： Ramakrishnan Rajamony , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1063 , G06F12/1072
摘要： In a data processing system capable of concurrently executing multiple hardware threads of execution, an intermediate address translation unit in a processing unit translates an effective address for a memory access into an intermediate address. A cache memory is accessed utilizing the intermediate address. In response to a miss in cache memory, the intermediate address is translated into a real address by a real address translation unit that performs address translation for multiple hardware threads of execution. The system memory is accessed with the real address.
摘要翻译：在能够同时执行多个硬件执行线程的数据处理系统中，处理单元中的中间地址转换单元将存储器访问的有效地址转换为中间地址。使用中间地址访问高速缓冲存储器。响应于高速缓冲存储器中的缺失，中间地址被实现地址转换单元转换成实地址，该单元执行多个硬件执行线程的地址转换。使用实际地址访问系统内存。

10. 发明授权

US08843705B2 Read and write aware cache with a read portion and a write portion of a tag and status array 有权
标题翻译：具有读取部分和标签和状态数组的写入部分的读写感知高速缓存
公开(公告)号：US08843705B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-23
申请号：US13572916
申请日：2012-08-13
申请人： Jian Li , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
发明人： Jian Li , Ramakrishnan Rajamony , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F12/0848 , G06F2212/271 , Y02D10/13
摘要： A mechanism is provided in a cache for providing a read and write aware cache. The mechanism partitions a large cache into a read-often region and a write-often region. The mechanism considers read/write frequency in a non-uniform cache architecture replacement policy. A frequently written cache line is placed in one of the farther banks. A frequently read cache line is placed in one of the closer banks. The size ratio between read-often and write-often regions may be static or dynamic. The boundary between the read-often region and the write-often region may be distinct or fuzzy.
摘要翻译：在缓存中提供了一种机制，用于提供读写感知高速缓存。该机制将大型缓存分区分为常读区域和经常写区域。该机制将读/写频率视为非均匀缓存架构替换策略。经常写入的高速缓存行放置在更远的存储区之一中。经常读取的高速缓存行被放置在其中一个较近的存储体中。常读区域和经常写区域之间的大小比可以是静态的或动态的。经常读区域和经常写区域之间的边界可能是不同的或模糊的。

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