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1. 发明授权

US4276933A Surfactant waterflood method for the recovery of oil 失效
标题翻译：表面活性剂注水法回收油
公开(公告)号：US4276933A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US101598
申请日：1979-12-10
申请人： Mohan V. Kudchadker , George Kalfoglou , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Mohan V. Kudchadker , George Kalfoglou , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , C09K8/60 , E21B43/40 , E21B43/24
CPC分类号： C09K8/602 , C09K8/584 , E21B43/40
摘要： An improved surfactant waterflood method for the recovery of oil from a subterranean reservoir utilizing an anionic surface-active agent wherein an aqueous postflush slug containing a nonionic solubilizer is employed to minimize retention of the surface-active agent in the reservoir matrix.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用阴离子表面活性剂从地下储层中回收油的改进的表面活性剂注水方法，其中使用含有非离子增溶剂的水性后冲洗块以使表面活性剂在储层基质中的保留最小化。

2. 发明授权

US4277352A Demulsification of emulsions produced from surfactant recovery operations and recovery of surfactants therefrom 失效
标题翻译：由表面活性剂回收操作产生的乳液的破乳和从中回收表面活性剂
公开(公告)号：US4277352A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US24000
申请日：1979-03-26
申请人： Jean B. Allison , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Jean B. Allison , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： B01D17/04 , C10G33/04 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C10G33/04 , B01D17/047 , Y10S507/936
摘要： Treatment of emulsions of oil and water produced from surfactant recovery operations whereby the produced emulsions containing surfactants are demulsified and the surfactants are recovered in the water phase.
摘要翻译：处理由表面活性剂回收操作产生的油和水的乳液，由此产生的含表面活性剂的乳液被破乳并且表面活性剂在水相中回收。

3. 发明授权

US4161218A High conformance enhanced oil recovery process 失效
标题翻译：高度一致性强化采油过程
公开(公告)号：US4161218A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-17
申请号：US863504
申请日：1977-12-22
申请人： James E. Varnon , Vernon H. Schievelbein , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： James E. Varnon , Vernon H. Schievelbein , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/16 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/162
摘要： The conformance of a water flood oil recovery process, including surfactant or other chemicalized water flood process, in a formation containing at least two zones of varying permeability, the permeability of one zone being at least 50 percent greater than the permeability of the other zone, is improved by flooding until the higher permeability zone has been depleted, after which a fluid is injected into the high permeability zone, said fluid having relatively low viscosity at the time of injection and containing surface active agents which promote the formation of a coarse emulsion in the flow channels of the formation which reduces the permeability of the high permeability zone. Since the viscosity of the fluid injected into the previously water flooded, high permeability zone is no greater than water, it is injected easily into the zone and moves through substantially the same flow channels as water would move in the formation. After the permeability of the first zone has been reduced substantially, water flooding may then be accomplished in the second zone which was originally not invaded by the injected fluid since its permeability was substantially less than the permeability of the first zone. The surface active agent is tailored to exhibit optimum emulsion formation properties with the particular aqueous fluid present in the flow channels of the formation to be treated. The optimum emulsifying surfactant comprises a mixture of an alkylpolyalkoxyalkylene sulfonate or an alkylarylpolyalkoxylalkylene sulfonate and an organic sulfonate such as petroleum sulfonate.
摘要翻译：包含表面活性剂或其他化学化水淹过程的水浸油回收过程在含有至少两个变化渗透率的区域的地层中的一致性，一个区域的渗透率比另一个区域的渗透率大至少50％通过淹水得到改善，直到较高的渗透率区域已经耗尽，之后将流体注入高渗透性区域中，所述流体在注射时具有相对低的粘度并且含有促进粗乳液形成的表面活性剂地层的流动通道减少高渗透率区域的渗透性。由于注入先前水淹的高渗透性区域的流体的粘度不大于水，所以其容易注入区域中并且通过与水在地层中移动的基本上相同的流动通道移动。在第一区域的渗透性已经大大降低之后，可以在第二区域中实现水驱，其原本不被注入的流体侵入，因为其渗透性基本上小于第一区域的渗透性。定制表面活性剂以显示出在待处理地层的流动通道中存在的特定含水流体的最佳乳液形成性能。最佳的乳化表面活性剂包括烷基聚烷氧基亚烷基磺酸盐或烷基芳基聚烷氧基亚烷基磺酸盐和有机磺酸盐如石油磺酸盐的混合物。

4. 发明授权

US4161982A High conformance enhanced oil recovery process 失效
标题翻译：高度一致性强化采油过程
公开(公告)号：US4161982A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-24
申请号：US863502
申请日：1977-12-22
申请人： Vernon H. Schievelbein , Mohan V. Kudchadker , James E. Varnon , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Vernon H. Schievelbein , Mohan V. Kudchadker , James E. Varnon , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/16 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/162
摘要： The conformance of an enhanced oil recovery process, including water flood, surfactant or other chemicalized water flood process, in a formation containing at least two zones of varying permeability, the permeability of one zone being at least 50 percent greater than the permeability of the other zone, is improved by flooding until the higher permeability zone has been depleted, after which a fluid is injected into the high permeability zone, said fluid having relatively low viscosity at the time of injection and containing a mixture of surfactants or surface active agents which promote the formation of a coarse emulsion in the flow channels of the formation which reduces the permeability of the high permeability zone. Since the viscosity of the fluid injected into the previously flooded, high permeability zone is no greater than water, it is injected easily into the zone and moves through substantially the same flow channels as water would move in the formation. After the permeability of the first zone has been reduced substantially, water flooding may then be accomplished in the second zone which was originally not invaded by the injected water since its permeability was substantially less than the permeability of the first zone.
摘要翻译：在包含至少两个不同渗透性区域的地层中，强化采油过程（包括水浸，表面活性剂或其他化学水浸法）的一致性，一个区域的渗透率比另一个区域的渗透率大至少50％通过淹水改善，直到较高渗透性区域已经耗尽，之后将流体注入高渗透性区域中，所述流体在注射时具有相对低的粘度并且含有表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物，其促进在地层的流动通道中形成粗糙的乳液，这降低了高渗透率区域的渗透性。由于注入到先前淹没的高渗透性区域中的流体的粘度不大于水，所以其容易地注入到该区域中并且通过与水在地层中移动的基本上相同的流动通道移动。在第一区域的渗透性已经大大降低之后，可以在最初不被注入的水侵入的第二区域中实现溢流，因为其渗透性基本上小于第一区域的渗透性。

5. 发明授权

US4299284A High sweep efficiency enhanced oil recovery process 失效
标题翻译：高扫掠效率提高采油过程
公开(公告)号：US4299284A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US100683
申请日：1979-12-05
申请人： Alfred Brown , Mohan V. Kudchadker , James E. Varnon , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Alfred Brown , Mohan V. Kudchadker , James E. Varnon , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/502 , C09K8/82 , E21B33/138 , E21B43/30 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/82 , C09K8/502 , E21B33/138 , E21B43/30
摘要： Disclosed is a method for conducting an enhanced oil recovery process comprising injecting an oil displacing fluid into an injection well and recovering petroleum displaced by the fluid from one or more spaced-apart production wells, by an improved method in which the sweep efficiency or horizontal conformance of the displacement process is increased. A fluid is injected into the producing well, which fluid has a viscosity not substantially greater than the viscosity of water at the conditions of injection, but which reacts with oil present in the formation, forming a viscous emulsion which restricts the flow of fluids through the portion of the formation contacted by the emulsion-forming fluid. As a result of this treatment, there is a reduction in tendency for the displaced and injected fluids to form cusps as they approach the production well, thereby failing to sweep substantial portions of the formation. The injected fluid contains one or more surfactants specifically tailored to form a viscous emulsion with the particular formation crude oil and formation water or brine exhibiting maximum viscosity at formation conditions. The viscous emulsion-forming fluid may be injected into all of a group of wells surrounding a central injection well in approximately equal amounts, for the purpose of improving sweep efficiency, or the treatment may be selectively applied to certain of the wells where the formation exhibits a preferred direction of permeability, or where for other reasons the pattern integrity is poor.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于进行增强的油回收过程的方法，包括将排油流体注入注入井并通过改进的方法回收由一个或多个间隔开的生产井中的流体排出的石油，其中扫掠效率或水平一致性的位移过程增加。流体被注入到生产井中，该流体在注入条件下的粘度基本上不大于水的粘度，但与地层中存在的油反应，形成粘性乳液，从而限制流体流过由形成乳液的流体接触的形成部分。作为这种处理的结果，当位移和注入的流体在接近生产井时形成尖峰的倾向减小，从而不能扫掠地层的大部分。注入的流体含有一种或多种特别适于形成粘性乳液的表面活性剂，特别地层原油和地层水或盐水在形成条件下表现出最大的粘度。粘性乳液形成流体可以以大致相等的量注入围绕中央注入井的所有一组井中，以提高扫掠效率，或者可以将处理选择性地施加到形成物表面的某些井渗透性的优选方向，或者由于其他原因，图案完整性差。

6. 发明授权

US4159037A High conformance oil recovery process 失效
标题翻译：高度一致性采油过程
公开(公告)号：US4159037A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US901387
申请日：1978-05-01
申请人： James E. Varnon , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Alfred Brown , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： James E. Varnon , Mohan V. Kudchadker , Alfred Brown , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/16 , E21B33/138 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： E21B43/162 , C09K8/584
摘要： The conformance of an enhanced oil recovery process, including waterflood, surfactant or other chemicalized water flood process, in a formation containing at least two strata or zones of varying permeability, the permeability of one zone being at least 50 percent greater than the permeability of the other zone, is improved by flooding until the higher permeability zone has been depleted, after which an aqueous fluid is injected into the high permeability zone, said fluid having relatively low viscosity at the time of injection and containing a blend of surface active agents which promote the formation of a coarse viscous emulsion in the flow channels of the formation which reduces the permeability of the high permeability zone. After the permeability of the first zone has been reduced substantially, flooding may then be accomplished in the second zone which was originally not invaded by the injected oil recovery fluid. The surface active agents are individually tailored and the ratio of dissimilar surfactants balanced to exhibit optimum viscous emulsion formation properties. The optimum emulsifying surfactant comprises a mixture of an organic sulfonate such as petroleum sulfonate and a solubilizing co-surfactant such as an alkyl or alkylarylpolyalkoxy alkylene sulfonate and/or a low molecular weight alcohol.
摘要翻译：在含有至少两层不同渗透性的地层或地层中，强化采油过程（包括水驱，表面活性剂或其他化学化水淹过程）的一致性，一个区域的渗透率比渗透率大至少50％其他区域通过淹水得到改善，直到较高渗透性区域已经耗尽，之后将水性流体注入到高渗透性区域中，所述流体在注射时具有相对较低的粘度并含有表面活性剂的混合物，其促进在地层的流动通道中形成粗糙的粘性乳液，这降低了高渗透率区域的渗透性。在第一区域的渗透性已经大大降低之后，可以在最初未被注入的油回收流体侵入的第二区域中实现溢流。单独定制表面活性剂，并且不同表面活性剂的比例平衡以显示最佳的粘性乳液形成性质。最佳乳化表面活性剂包括有机磺酸盐如石油磺酸盐和增溶助表面活性剂如烷基或烷基芳基聚烷氧基亚烷基磺酸盐和/或低分子量醇的混合物。

7. 发明授权

US4319636A Surfactant waterflood oil recovery process 失效
标题翻译：表面活性剂waterflood油回收过程
公开(公告)号：US4319636A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-16
申请号：US122219
申请日：1980-02-19
申请人： Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Mohan V. Kudchadker , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/20 , Y10S507/936
摘要： Disclosed is a surfactant waterflooding oil recovery process for use in high salinity water-containing formations employing two separate surfactant-containing slugs or a single slug in which the composition is changed from the first to the last portion of the slug injected into the formation. The first portion of the surfactant fluid contains a surfactant combination which exhibits optimum low surface tension characteristics, and the second or latter portion of the surfactant slug contains a blend of surfactants which produces a high viscosity fluid. Use of hydrophilic viscosity-increasing polymer is thus avoided, eliminating the interaction between polymer and surfactant which causes a reduction in surfactant effectiveness.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于高盐度含水地层的表面活性剂注水油回收方法，其使用两种分开的含表面活性剂的絮状物或单块，其中组合物从注入地层的絮状物的第一部分变为最后部分。表面活性剂流体的第一部分含有表现出最佳低表面张力特性的表面活性剂组合，并且表面活性剂团块的第二或后一部分含有产生高粘度流体的表面活性剂的共混物。因此避免使用亲水性增粘聚合物，消除聚合物和表面活性剂之间的相互作用，导致表面活性剂的有效性降低。

8. 发明授权

US4790382A Alkylated oxidized lignins as surfactants 失效
标题翻译：烷基化氧化木质素作为表面活性剂
公开(公告)号：US4790382A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US112585
申请日：1987-10-26
申请人： Lawrence R. Morrow , Michael G. DaGue , Lawrence E. Whittington
发明人： Lawrence R. Morrow , Michael G. DaGue , Lawrence E. Whittington
IPC分类号： B01F17/00 , C09K8/584 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C08H6/00 , B01F17/0028 , C09K8/584 , Y10S507/936
摘要： The invention is a method of producing surfactants from lignin which comprises subjecting lignin to two reactions, alkylation with an alkyl chain having about 3 to about 24 carbon atoms at phenolic sites, and oxidation sufficient to break the lignin into smaller polymeric and monomeric units. The invention also includes using these lignin surfactants in surfactant floods for enhanced oil recovery.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种从木质素生产表面活性剂的方法，其包括使木质素进行两个反应，在酚部位用烷基链烷基化，具有约3至约24个碳原子的烷基链，以及足以将木质素破坏成更小的聚合物和单体单元的氧化。本发明还包括在表面活性剂泛滥中使用这些木质素表面活性剂以提高采收率。

9. 发明授权

US4739040A Surfactants from lignin 失效
标题翻译：木质素表面活性剂
公开(公告)号：US4739040A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-19
申请号：US946270
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： Douglas G. Naae , Lawrence E. Whittington , Will A. Ledoux , Francis E. Debons
发明人： Douglas G. Naae , Lawrence E. Whittington , Will A. Ledoux , Francis E. Debons
IPC分类号： B01F17/00 , B01F17/50 , C09K8/584 , C08H5/02 , C07C43/115
CPC分类号： C08H6/00 , B01F17/0028 , B01F17/0057 , C09K8/584
摘要： A method of producing surfactants from lignin is disclosed by reducing lignin in the presence of a carbon monoxide or hydrogen reducing agent at high temperature and pressure to produce low molecular weight lignin phenols and subjecting the lignin phenols to one or a combination of several reactions such as alkoxylation, alkylation, sulfonation, sulfation, alkoxysulfation, and sulfomethylation. The lignin surfactants so produced can be employed in a surfactant system to recover oil from underground formations.
摘要翻译：通过在一氧化碳或氢还原剂的存在下在高温和高压下还原木质素以产生低分子量木质素酚并使木质素酚与一种或多种反应的组合，例如烷氧基化，烷基化，磺化，硫酸化，烷氧基硫酸化和磺甲基化。如此生产的木质素表面活性剂可用于表面活性剂体系以从地层中回收油。

10. 发明授权

US4548721A Method of enhanced oil recovery and compositions useful therein 失效
标题翻译：提高采油率的方法及其中有用的组合物
公开(公告)号：US4548721A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-22
申请号：US577370
申请日：1984-02-06
申请人： Francis E. DeBons , Lawrence E. Whittington , Larry D. Pedersen
发明人： Francis E. DeBons , Lawrence E. Whittington , Larry D. Pedersen
IPC分类号： C09K8/584 , E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/584
摘要： A method for the enhanced recovery of oil comprised of injecting into an oil containing formation a surfactant system comprised of an oil soluble amine modified lignin and an anionic or nonionic surfactant; driving the surfactant system through the formation and producing the oil mobilized by the surfactant system. A surfactant composition useful for enhanced oil recovery methods comprised of an oil soluble amine modified lignin and an anionic or nonionic surfactant.
摘要翻译：一种用于提高油的回收率的方法，其包括将含有油溶性胺改性木质素和阴离子或非离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂体系注入含油地层中; 通过形成驱动表面活性剂体系并产生由表面活性剂体系起动的油。用于增强油回收方法的表面活性剂组合物，其包含油溶性胺改性木质素和阴离子或非离子表面活性剂。

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