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1. 发明授权

US06281973B1 Optical detection system and method for determining particle size distribution in an oscillating flow field 有权
公开(公告)号：US06281973B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09406944
申请日：1999-09-28
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N2100
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G01N2015/0216
摘要： An optical detection system and method is disclosed comprising a first light guide for conveying light energy from a light source to a first light guide face end that is immersed in a dispersant medium. A first portion of the light energy exits the face end to irradiate particles contained in the dispersant medium and a second portion of the light energy is reflected by the face end back into the first light guide. A frequency transducer mounted to the first light guide receives at least one specific frequency from a range of frequencies generated by a frequency oscillator and oscillates the first light guide face end at the applied specific frequency. The transducer oscillations are further coupled into the dispersant medium, causing the dispersant medium and the particles contained therein to oscillate at the oscillation frequency of the first light guide face end. The light energy scattered by the oscillating particles is captured by the first light guide face end and is mixed within the first light guide with the reflected light energy, producing an optical Doppler beat signal for the applied specific frequency. A second light guide, optically connected to the first light guide, conveys the optical Doppler beat signal to a light detection device that produces an output signal representative of the optical Doppler beat signal. A mixer circuit receives the specific frequency signal from the frequency oscillator and the output signal from the detection device and produces a plurality of derived harmonics for the input specific frequency signal. The mixer circuit further generates frequency components for the input Doppler beat signal producing a total power value signal for each derived harmonic of the frequency. The total power value signals are applied to a signal processing system that calculates a particle motion amplitude signal for each applied specific frequency. The particle motion amplitude signal is used to determine the percentage of the total particles which are following the oscillations of the dispersant fluid at the applied specific frequency.

2. 发明授权

US5094532A Method and apparatus for measuring small particle size distribution 失效
标题翻译：用于测量小颗粒尺寸分布的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5094532A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-10
申请号：US432710
申请日：1989-11-07
申请人： Michael N. Trainer , William L. Wilcock , Brian M. Ence
发明人： Michael N. Trainer , William L. Wilcock , Brian M. Ence
IPC分类号： G01J3/44 , G01N15/02 , G01N15/14
CPC分类号： G01J3/4412 , G01N15/0205
摘要： A method of measuring the size distribution of moving particles within a scattering medium includes a step of directing a beam of light into the scattering medium. The frequency of the scattered light is compared to nonscattered light emitted from the scattering medium and results in the generation of a first signal having a magnitude which is indicative of the difference in frequency between the scattered light and the nonscattered light. A second signal is generated having a magnitude which varies with frequency on a linear scale. The frequency scale of the second signal is then translated to a logarithmic scale. Finally, the translated second signal is deconvolved to determine the size and distribution of moving particles within the scattering medium.

3. 发明授权

US4648274A Photoelastic measuring transducer and accelerometer based thereon 失效
标题翻译：基于光弹测量传感器和加速度计
公开(公告)号：US4648274A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-10
申请号：US763152
申请日：1985-08-07
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01D5/26 , G01H9/00 , G01L1/24 , G02F1/01 , G01B11/18
CPC分类号： G02F1/0131 , G01H9/00
摘要： A photoelastic transducer is constructed with a photoelastic element receiving a 45.degree. polarized light beam with a wave plate providing a 90.degree. phase displacement in its orthogonal components. The element has reflective surface coatings to produce multiple internal reflections so as to lengthen the optical path, and increase the sensitivity of the unit. Analysis of the orthogonal outputs can be according to the difference divided by the sum with one of the outputs being multiplied by the ratio of the D.C. component of the other output to its D.C. component, for the purpose of compensating for changes in tramsmission of the two signals. Alternatively, the signal analysis can be in accordance with the difference between the rates of change of the two signals with each rate of change being multiplied by a factor which is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the other signal to the present signal, for the purpose of compensating for changes in the wave plate dimensions due to factors such as temperature change.
摘要翻译：光弹性传感器由光弹性元件构成，光弹元件接收45°偏振光束，其波片在其正交分量中提供90°相位位移。该元件具有反射表面涂层以产生多个内部反射，以便延长光路，并增加单元的灵敏度。正交输出的分析可以根据除以与其中一个输出相乘的和乘以另一个输出的直流分量与其直流分量的比的差值，以补偿两个交通事件的交通变化信号。或者，信号分析可以根据每个变化率的两个信号的变化率之间的差乘以与另一个信号与当前信号的比率的平方根成比例的因子，为了补偿由于诸如温度变化的因素导致的波片尺寸的变化。

4. 发明申请

US20110037980A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ZETA POTENTIAL OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES 有权
标题翻译：用于测量悬浮颗粒的ZETA潜力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20110037980A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-17
申请号：US12539340
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G06F19/00 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N15/0205 , G01N15/0266 , G01N21/1717 , G01N2021/1721 , G01N2021/4709 , G01S15/8968
摘要： A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the coupler to a photodetector; an electrical output of the photodetector is connected to a filtering and amplification module, wherein an analog output of the amplification module is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the analog-to-digital converter creates a digital data stream which is stored in a first memory; and a computer or microprocessor which calculates the frequency power spectrum from the stored digital data stream and stores the frequency power spectrum in a second memory, wherein the first and second memories can be either the same or different.
摘要翻译： ζ电位测量系统，包括：具有用于保持悬浮颗粒的细胞壁和底部的细胞; 光学测量探针，其具有探针尖端，其包括透明导电薄膜涂层，其防止离子电流在探针尖端上积累电荷，并且其中所述光学测量探针插入通过所述细胞壁，使得所述探针尖端与例子; 通过与光学测量探针相对的细胞壁插入的对电极; 激光源，其被配置成经由光学定向耦合器和光波导将光传送到所述光学测量探针; 其中所述光学测量探针将光聚焦到所述探针尖端的前表面上，使得从所述光学测量探针的前表面反射的光和由样品中的颗粒反向散射的光被所述探针尖收集，然后聚焦到光波导并通过耦合器传送到光电检测器; 光电检测器的电输出连接到滤波和放大模块，其中放大模块的模拟输出连接到模拟 - 数字转换器，其中模数转换器创建存储的数字数据流在第一个记忆中以及计算机或微处理器，其从存储的数字数据流中计算频率功率谱，并将频率功率谱存储在第二存储器中，其中第一和第二存储器可以相同或不同。

5. 发明授权

US06396979B1 Optical waveguide probe having variable gap focusing 失效
标题翻译：具有可变间隙聚焦的光波导探针
公开(公告)号：US06396979B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09349813
申请日：1999-07-09
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G02B632
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G02B6/262 , G02B6/2804
摘要： An adjustable focusing assembly for use with an optical probe includes a focusing element having a first and a second end mounted within a holder member. The holder member is secured to the optical probe with the focusing element optically coupled to the light images projecting from the light probe. A window having an inner and an outer surface is mounted on a body member with the window inner surface in a facing and spaced relationship to the focusing element second end. The body member further includes a cowled portion extending from the periphery of the body member on a side opposite the window, arranged to engage surfaces on the periphery of the holder member, thereby defining a cavity between the focusing element second end and the window inner surface. The body member is adjusted, increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface. Upon establishment of the focus, the cowled portion is fixed to the holder member, fixing the focusing assembly to the optical probe. A second embodiment is also disclosed that alternatively locates the focusing element against the window inner surface forming the adjustable cavity between the focusing element and the optical probe. The body member is adjusted increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface.
摘要翻译：用于光学探针的可调节聚焦组件包括聚焦元件，其具有安装在保持器构件内的第一和第二端。保持器构件被固定到光学探针，其中聚焦元件与从光探针突出的光图像光学耦合。具有内表面和外表面的窗口安装在主体构件上，其中窗内表面与聚焦元件第二端面对并且间隔开。本体构件还包括从本体构件的周边延伸在与窗口相对的一侧的整流罩部分，布置成接合保持器构件的周边上的表面，从而在聚焦元件第二端和窗口内表面之间限定空腔。主体构件被调节，增加或可选地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗外表面上。当聚焦成立时，整流罩部分被固定到保持器构件上，将聚焦组件固定到光学探针上。还公开了第二实施例，其可替代地将聚焦元件定位在窗口内表面上，从而在聚焦元件和光学探针之间形成可调整空腔。调节身体构件的增加或替换地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗户外表面上。

6. 发明授权

US6164817A Fiber optic hygrometer apparatus and method 失效
标题翻译：光纤湿度计装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US6164817A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US145072
申请日：1998-09-01
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N25/68 , G01N25/02
CPC分类号： G01N25/68
摘要： A fiber optic hygrometer apparatus and method for sensing and measuring the dew point of an atmosphere is disclosed that includes a controller for controlling the operation of the apparatus and a first optical fiber for transmitting light energy from a source of light energy to an optical core extending into the atmosphere being monitored. The optical core includes an end that is prepared as a reflecting surface, allowing the light energy reaching the optical core to be internally reflected back toward the source. A second optical fiber captures the light energy internally reflected from the optical core and conveys the captured light energy to a light energy detector. The light energy detector is arranged to output signals to the controller representing the magnitude of the light energy captured. A cooling device and a temperature-sensing device operationally connected to the controller are attached to the optical core. The cooling device is disposed to cool the optical core to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the atmosphere and cause water vapor that may be contained in the atmosphere to condense on the optical core, forming an evanescent region in the area of the condensate and thereby decreasing the magnitude of light energy captured by the second optical fiber. The light energy detector outputs signals to the controller representative of the decreased magnitude of light energy captured, causing the controller to read the temperature of the optical core sensed by the temperature device.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于感测和测量大气露点的光纤湿度计装置和方法，其包括用于控制装置的操作的控制器和用于将光能量从光能传递到光学芯的第一光纤延伸进入被监测的气氛。光学芯包括准备为反射表面的端部，允许到达光学核心的光能被内部反射回到源极。第二光纤捕获从光学核心内部反射的光能并将捕获的光能传送到光能检测器。光能检测器被布置成将表示所捕获的光能的大小的信号输出到控制器。与该控制器可操作地连接的冷却装置和温度检测装置安装在光纤芯上。冷却装置设置成将光芯冷却到低于大气环境温度的温度，并使大气中可能含有的水蒸气冷凝在光学芯上，在冷凝物区域形成ev逝区域减少由第二光纤捕获的光能的大小。光能检测器向控制器输出表示所捕获的光能量的减小的信号，使得控制器读取由温度装置感测的光学芯的温度。

7. 发明授权

US5416580A Methods and apparatus for determining small particle size distribution utilizing multiple light beams 失效
标题翻译：使用多个光束确定小粒度分布的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5416580A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-16
申请号：US88445
申请日：1993-07-07
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/0211
摘要： A method (and corresponding apparatus) for determining the size distribution of small particles within a dispersing medium utilizing a particle analyzer that measures the angle of scattered light, including the step of sequentially irradiating the particles within the dispersing medium with each of a plurality of light sources positioned at different angles. The scattered light developed by sequentially irradiating the particles is focused, utilizing at least one collector lens, onto a detector array associated with each such lens and the angular distribution of scattered light associated with each of the plurality of light sources is sequentially measured utilizing each detector array associated with a given lens. Finally, the measured angular distributions of scattered light associated with the plurality of light sources, is translated into a size distribution for the particle ensemble contained in the dispersing medium, using well known inversion techniques, such as deconvolution. The invention also contemplates methods for extending the angular scatter measurement range of a particle size analyzers that use a single light source to irradiate particles, and products that are the result of the extension process.
摘要翻译：一种用于利用测量散射光角度的粒子分析仪来确定分散介质内的小颗粒的尺寸分布的方法（以及相应的装置），包括用多个光中的每一个依次照射分散介质中的颗粒的步骤来源位于不同的角度。利用至少一个收集透镜将与颗粒相关的散射光聚焦在与每个这样的透镜相关联的检测器阵列上，并且利用每个检测器依次测量与多个光源中的每一个相关联的散射光的角分布阵列与给定的镜头相关联。最后，使用众所周知的反转技术，例如去卷积，将与多个光源相关联的散射光的测量的角度分布转换成包含在分散介质中的粒子集合的尺寸分布。本发明还考虑了用于扩展使用单个光源照射颗粒的粒度分析仪的角度散射测量范围和作为延伸过程的结果的产品的方法。

8. 发明授权

US6104490A Multiple pathlength sensor for determining small particle size distribution in high particle concentrations 失效
标题翻译：用于确定高颗粒浓度的小粒度分布的多路径长度传感器
公开(公告)号：US6104490A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US211373
申请日：1998-12-14
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/02
摘要： A multiple pathlength sensor is disclosed that is installed substantially within a process stream containing particles at high concentrations. The sensor includes a transparent surface for receiving the first and the second light energy emissions projected by first and second light delivery arrangements. The first and second light energy emissions penetrate the transparent surface and enter the sensor in a first directional path. A first light deflecting surface modifies the first and second light energy emissions to travel into a second directional path through the sensor. A first passage exposed to the process stream is sized to receive particles of a first predetermined size range. The first light energy emission in the second directional path is projected through the first passage to irradiate the particle ensemble therein. A second passage exposed to the process stream is sized to receive particles of a second predetermined size range. The second light energy emission in the second directional path is projected through the second passage to irradiate the particle ensemble therein. A second light deflecting surface receives the light energy projected through the first and second passages and the light energy scattered by the particle ensemble in each of the first and said second passages. The second deflecting surface directionally modifies the light energy it receives to follow a third directional path through the sensor to the transparent surface, where the light energy escapes the sensor and is collected by a light collection arrangement.
摘要翻译：公开了一种多路径长度传感器，其基本上安装在含有高浓度颗粒的工艺流中。传感器包括用于接收由第一和第二光输送装置投射的第一和第二光能发射的透明表面。第一和第二光能辐射穿透透明表面并以第一方向路径进入传感器。第一光偏转表面修改第一和第二光能发射以行进通过传感器的第二定向路径。暴露于工艺流的第一通道的尺寸被设计成接收第一预定尺寸范围的颗粒。第二方向路径中的第一光能发射通过第一通道突出以照射其中的粒子集合。暴露于工艺流的第二通道的尺寸被设计成接收第二预定尺寸范围的颗粒。第二方向路径中的第二光能发射通过第二通道突出以照射其中的粒子集合。第二光偏转表面接收通过第一和第二通道投射的光能量以及由第一和第二通道中的每一个中的粒子集合散射的光能。第二偏转表面定向地修改其接收的光能以遵循穿过传感器的第三方向路径到透明表面，其中光能量逸出传感器并且由光收集装置收集。

9. 发明授权

US5650571A Low power signal processing and measurement apparatus 失效
标题翻译：低功率信号处理和测量装置
公开(公告)号：US5650571A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US403517
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer , Giancarlo Punis , Anthony M. Demark
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer , Giancarlo Punis , Anthony M. Demark
IPC分类号： G01F1/66 , G01F1/708 , G01F1/712 , G01F23/296 , G01N29/00 , G01N29/024 , G01N29/40 , G01N29/50 , G01S15/10
CPC分类号： G01N29/50 , G01F1/667 , G01F1/7082 , G01F1/712 , G01F23/2962 , G01N29/024 , G01N29/40 , G01S15/10 , G01N2291/02836 , G01N2291/044 , G01N2291/048
摘要： A low power apparatus for measuring various process parameters and/or physical properties of a fluid or gas medium by measuring the change of a wave signal or time dependent signal as it traverses the fluid or gas medium, the apparatus comprising: at least one transmission transducer for providing a transmitted wave or time dependent signal for injection into the fluid or gas medium; at least one reception transducer, displaced from the transmission transducer for receiving a received wave or time dependent signal from the fluid or gas medium; and an analog signal processor, coupled to the reception transducer, for processing of the received wave or time dependent signal such that a short interval of the processed received wave or time dependent signal is extracted.
摘要翻译：一种用于测量流体或气体介质的各种工艺参数和/或物理性质的低功率设备，其通过测量波信号或时间相关信号在穿过流体或气体介质时的变化，所述设备包括：至少一个传输换能器用于提供用于喷射到流体或气体介质中的透射波或时间依赖信号; 至少一个接收换能器，从所述发射换能器移位，用于接收来自所述流体或气体介质的接收波或时间相关信号; 以及耦合到接收变换器的模拟信号处理器，用于处理接收的波或时间相关信号，从而提取经处理的接收波或时间相关信号的短间隔。

10. 发明授权

US5094526A Integrated optical waveguide doppler velocimeter 失效
标题翻译：集成光波导多普勒测速仪
公开(公告)号：US5094526A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-10
申请号：US610471
申请日：1990-11-07
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01P5/26
CPC分类号： G01P5/26
摘要： A Doppler velocimeter for measuring the doppler frequency shift of light scattered from particles suspended in a medium. The velocimeter includes a light source and an integrated optical waveguide having a first optical waveguide path for receiving an incident beam of light from the light source at one end. The first waveguide path further guides the incident beam to a second end which is located in the medium adjacent the particles. A second optical waveguide path is optically coupled to the first waveguide path for receiving the scattered light from the particles as well as the non-scattered light and guiding both to the other end thereof. A detector receives the scattered and non-scattered light from the second waveguide and converts it to an electrical signal indicative of the doppler frequency shift.
摘要翻译：一种用于测量从悬浮在介质中的颗粒散射的光的多普勒频移的多普勒测速仪。速度计包括光源和集成光波导，其具有用于在一端接收来自光源的入射入射光束的第一光波导路径。第一波导路径进一步将入射光束引导到位于与颗粒相邻的介质中的第二端。第二光波导路径被光学耦合到第一波导路径，用于接收来自粒子的散射光以及非散射光，并将其引导到另一端。检测器接收来自第二波导的散射光和非散射光，并将其转换为指示多普勒频移的电信号。

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