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1. 发明授权

US08451434B2 Method and apparatus for measuring zeta potential of suspended particles 有权
标题翻译：用于测量悬浮颗粒的ζ电位的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08451434B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-28
申请号：US12539340
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Paul J Freud , Michael N Trainer
发明人： Paul J Freud , Michael N Trainer
IPC分类号： G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N15/0205 , G01N15/0266 , G01N21/1717 , G01N2021/1721 , G01N2021/4709 , G01S15/8968
摘要： A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the coupler to a photodetector; an electrical output of the photodetector is connected to a filtering and amplification module, wherein an analog output of the amplification module is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the analog-to-digital converter creates a digital data stream which is stored in a first memory; and a computer or microprocessor which calculates the frequency power spectrum from the stored digital data stream and stores the frequency power spectrum in a second memory, wherein the first and second memories can be either the same or different.
摘要翻译： ζ电位测量系统，包括：具有用于保持悬浮颗粒的细胞壁和底部的细胞; 光学测量探针，其具有探针尖端，其包括透明导电薄膜涂层，其防止离子电流在探针尖端上积累电荷，并且其中所述光学测量探针插入通过所述细胞壁，使得所述探针尖端与例子; 通过与光学测量探针相对的细胞壁插入的对电极; 激光源，其被配置成经由光学定向耦合器和光波导将光传送到所述光学测量探针; 其中所述光学测量探针将光聚焦到所述探针尖端的前表面上，使得从所述光学测量探针的前表面反射的光和由样品中的颗粒反向散射的光被所述探针尖收集，然后聚焦到光波导并通过耦合器传送到光电检测器; 光电检测器的电输出连接到滤波和放大模块，其中放大模块的模拟输出连接到模拟 - 数字转换器，其中模数转换器创建存储的数字数据流在第一个记忆中以及计算机或微处理器，其从存储的数字数据流中计算频率功率谱，并将频率功率谱存储在第二存储器中，其中第一和第二存储器可以相同或不同。

2. 发明申请

US20110037980A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ZETA POTENTIAL OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES 有权
标题翻译：用于测量悬浮颗粒的ZETA潜力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20110037980A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-17
申请号：US12539340
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G06F19/00 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N15/0205 , G01N15/0266 , G01N21/1717 , G01N2021/1721 , G01N2021/4709 , G01S15/8968
摘要： A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the coupler to a photodetector; an electrical output of the photodetector is connected to a filtering and amplification module, wherein an analog output of the amplification module is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the analog-to-digital converter creates a digital data stream which is stored in a first memory; and a computer or microprocessor which calculates the frequency power spectrum from the stored digital data stream and stores the frequency power spectrum in a second memory, wherein the first and second memories can be either the same or different.
摘要翻译： ζ电位测量系统，包括：具有用于保持悬浮颗粒的细胞壁和底部的细胞; 光学测量探针，其具有探针尖端，其包括透明导电薄膜涂层，其防止离子电流在探针尖端上积累电荷，并且其中所述光学测量探针插入通过所述细胞壁，使得所述探针尖端与例子; 通过与光学测量探针相对的细胞壁插入的对电极; 激光源，其被配置成经由光学定向耦合器和光波导将光传送到所述光学测量探针; 其中所述光学测量探针将光聚焦到所述探针尖端的前表面上，使得从所述光学测量探针的前表面反射的光和由样品中的颗粒反向散射的光被所述探针尖收集，然后聚焦到光波导并通过耦合器传送到光电检测器; 光电检测器的电输出连接到滤波和放大模块，其中放大模块的模拟输出连接到模拟 - 数字转换器，其中模数转换器创建存储的数字数据流在第一个记忆中以及计算机或微处理器，其从存储的数字数据流中计算频率功率谱，并将频率功率谱存储在第二存储器中，其中第一和第二存储器可以相同或不同。

3. 发明授权

US06396979B1 Optical waveguide probe having variable gap focusing 失效
标题翻译：具有可变间隙聚焦的光波导探针
公开(公告)号：US06396979B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09349813
申请日：1999-07-09
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G02B632
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G02B6/262 , G02B6/2804
摘要： An adjustable focusing assembly for use with an optical probe includes a focusing element having a first and a second end mounted within a holder member. The holder member is secured to the optical probe with the focusing element optically coupled to the light images projecting from the light probe. A window having an inner and an outer surface is mounted on a body member with the window inner surface in a facing and spaced relationship to the focusing element second end. The body member further includes a cowled portion extending from the periphery of the body member on a side opposite the window, arranged to engage surfaces on the periphery of the holder member, thereby defining a cavity between the focusing element second end and the window inner surface. The body member is adjusted, increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface. Upon establishment of the focus, the cowled portion is fixed to the holder member, fixing the focusing assembly to the optical probe. A second embodiment is also disclosed that alternatively locates the focusing element against the window inner surface forming the adjustable cavity between the focusing element and the optical probe. The body member is adjusted increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface.
摘要翻译：用于光学探针的可调节聚焦组件包括聚焦元件，其具有安装在保持器构件内的第一和第二端。保持器构件被固定到光学探针，其中聚焦元件与从光探针突出的光图像光学耦合。具有内表面和外表面的窗口安装在主体构件上，其中窗内表面与聚焦元件第二端面对并且间隔开。本体构件还包括从本体构件的周边延伸在与窗口相对的一侧的整流罩部分，布置成接合保持器构件的周边上的表面，从而在聚焦元件第二端和窗口内表面之间限定空腔。主体构件被调节，增加或可选地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗外表面上。当聚焦成立时，整流罩部分被固定到保持器构件上，将聚焦组件固定到光学探针上。还公开了第二实施例，其可替代地将聚焦元件定位在窗口内表面上，从而在聚焦元件和光学探针之间形成可调整空腔。调节身体构件的增加或替换地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗户外表面上。

4. 发明授权

US06178830B2 In-line diluting extractor 失效
标题翻译：在线稀释提取器
公开(公告)号：US06178830B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US09030239
申请日：1998-02-25
申请人： Paul J. Freud
发明人： Paul J. Freud
IPC分类号： G01N120
CPC分类号： G01N1/38 , G01N1/2035
摘要： A device is disclosed that creates and delivers diluted representative samples of a processed medium, flowing as a process stream in a conduit, for the analysis by a particle measurement instrument. The device includes an extraction conduit that includes a probe end extending into the process stream. The probe end includes a pitot-like opening adapted to receive therein a portion of the processed medium. A diluent delivery conduit is housed substantially within and in coaxial alignment with the extraction conduit, forming a sample delivery passage therebetween. The diluent delivery conduit is arranged to emit a stream of diluent into the processed medium entering the probe end creating diluted representative samples of the processed medium. The diluted representative samples flow through the sample delivery passage to a sampling chamber of the particle measurement instrument, where they are analyzed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种设备，其创建并递送经处理的介质的稀释的代表性样品，其作为管道中的工艺流程流动，用于通过颗粒测量仪器进行分析。该装置包括提取管道，其包括延伸到工艺流中的探针端。探针端包括皮托纹开口，其适于在其中接收处理过的介质的一部分。稀释剂输送导管基本上被容纳在提取导管的内部并且与提取管道同轴对准，在其间形成样品输送通道。稀释剂输送导管布置成将稀释剂流喷射到进入探针端的处理介质中，从而产生经处理介质的稀释的代表性样品。稀释的代表性样品流过样品输送通道到颗粒测量仪器的取样室，在那里进行分析。

5. 发明授权

US4469717A Thin film resistance thermometer with a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance and its method of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：具有预定温度系数电阻的薄膜电阻温度计及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4469717A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US317030
申请日：1981-11-02
申请人： Ronald D. Baxter , Paul J. Freud
发明人： Ronald D. Baxter , Paul J. Freud
IPC分类号： G01K7/18 , H01C7/06 , H01C17/24 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： G01K7/183 , H01C17/24 , H01C7/06
摘要： A thin film resistance thermometer is manufactured to have a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance while minimizing the amount of metal in the film. The process involves the production of a metal film deposit on an insulating substrate such that the film deposited has a bulk coefficient substantially higher than the desired coefficient with the film being deposited to a thickness that produces the desired coefficient.
摘要翻译：制造薄膜电阻温度计具有预定的电阻温度系数，同时最小化膜中的金属量。该方法涉及在绝缘基板上制备金属膜沉积物，使得沉积的膜的体系系数显着高于所需系数，其中膜被沉积到产生所需系数的厚度。

6. 发明授权

US6007235A Sampling and diluting system for particle size distribution measurement 失效
标题翻译：采样和稀释系统的粒度分布测量
公开(公告)号：US6007235A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US30465
申请日：1998-02-25
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Glenn W. Dixon
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Glenn W. Dixon
IPC分类号： G01N15/00 , G01N1/00 , G01N1/10 , G01N1/20 , G01N1/22 , G01N1/38 , G01N15/02 , B01F15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/02 , G01N1/2035 , G01N1/38 , G01N1/14 , G01N2001/1025 , G01N2001/225 , G01N2001/383 , G01N35/1097
摘要： A system is disclosed for the extraction of a representative sample of a processed medium, flowing in a process stream under a first pressure force, and the delivery of the extracted representative sample to a mixing chamber along with a diluent medium. The system includes a source of a second pressure force connected to the mixing chamber, the second pressure force having a value less than the first pressure force of the process stream. An extraction flow control device connects the mixing chamber to the process stream and is operable into a first or alternatively a second position. When operated in the first position the second pressure force of the mixing chamber is connected to the first pressure force of the process stream and, responsive to the pressure force difference, a portion of the processed medium is drawn from the process stream through the extraction flow control device. A source of diluent medium under a third pressure force is further included connected to the extraction flow control device. The third pressure force also has a value greater than the second pressure force. Operating the extraction flow control device into the second position isolates the first pressure force of the process stream from the second pressure force and connects the second pressure force to the third pressure force of the source of diluent medium. Responsive to the pressure force difference between the third pressure force and the second pressure force, diluent medium flows from the source of diluent medium through the extraction flow control device to the mixing chamber, carrying with it the representative sample of processed medium previously extracted.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于提取在第一压力下在工艺流中流动的经处理介质的代表性样品的系统，以及将萃取的代表性样品与稀释介质一起递送到混合室。该系统包括连接到混合室的第二压力源，第二压力的值小于工艺流的第一压力。提取流控制装置将混合室连接到工艺流，并且可操作成第一或另一第二位置。当在第一位置操作时，混合室的第二压力与工艺流的第一压力相连，并且响应于压力差，处理过的介质的一部分从工艺流中通过提取流程控制装置进一步包括连接到提取流量控制装置的第三压力下的稀释介质源。第三压力也具有大于第二压力的值。将提取流量控制装置操作到第二位置将工艺流的第一压力与第二压力隔离，并将第二压力连接到稀释介质源的第三压力。响应于第三压力和第二压力之间的压力差，稀释介质从稀释介质源通过提取流量控制装置流到混合室，携带先前提取的处理介质的代表性样品。

7. 发明授权

US4390925A Multiple-cavity variable capacitance pressure transducer 失效
标题翻译：多腔可变电容式压力传感器
公开(公告)号：US4390925A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-28
申请号：US296290
申请日：1981-08-26
申请人： Paul J. Freud
发明人： Paul J. Freud
IPC分类号： G01L9/12 , G01L9/00 , H01G7/00
CPC分类号： G01L9/0073 , Y10T29/43
摘要： A plurality of recesses and interconnecting paths are etched into the surface of a silicon wafer. A plate of borosilicate glass carrying thin-film metal deposits in a corresponding pattern is electrostatically bonded to the silicon to form a multiple-cavity variable capacitance pressure transducer.
摘要翻译：多个凹槽和互连路径被蚀刻到硅晶片的表面中。将载有相应图案的薄膜金属沉积物的硼硅酸盐玻璃板静电结合到硅上以形成多空腔可变电容压力传感器。

8. 发明授权

US5650571A Low power signal processing and measurement apparatus 失效
标题翻译：低功率信号处理和测量装置
公开(公告)号：US5650571A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US403517
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer , Giancarlo Punis , Anthony M. Demark
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer , Giancarlo Punis , Anthony M. Demark
IPC分类号： G01F1/66 , G01F1/708 , G01F1/712 , G01F23/296 , G01N29/00 , G01N29/024 , G01N29/40 , G01N29/50 , G01S15/10
CPC分类号： G01N29/50 , G01F1/667 , G01F1/7082 , G01F1/712 , G01F23/2962 , G01N29/024 , G01N29/40 , G01S15/10 , G01N2291/02836 , G01N2291/044 , G01N2291/048
摘要： A low power apparatus for measuring various process parameters and/or physical properties of a fluid or gas medium by measuring the change of a wave signal or time dependent signal as it traverses the fluid or gas medium, the apparatus comprising: at least one transmission transducer for providing a transmitted wave or time dependent signal for injection into the fluid or gas medium; at least one reception transducer, displaced from the transmission transducer for receiving a received wave or time dependent signal from the fluid or gas medium; and an analog signal processor, coupled to the reception transducer, for processing of the received wave or time dependent signal such that a short interval of the processed received wave or time dependent signal is extracted.
摘要翻译：一种用于测量流体或气体介质的各种工艺参数和/或物理性质的低功率设备，其通过测量波信号或时间相关信号在穿过流体或气体介质时的变化，所述设备包括：至少一个传输换能器用于提供用于喷射到流体或气体介质中的透射波或时间依赖信号; 至少一个接收换能器，从所述发射换能器移位，用于接收来自所述流体或气体介质的接收波或时间相关信号; 以及耦合到接收变换器的模拟信号处理器，用于处理接收的波或时间相关信号，从而提取经处理的接收波或时间相关信号的短间隔。

9. 发明授权

US5094526A Integrated optical waveguide doppler velocimeter 失效
标题翻译：集成光波导多普勒测速仪
公开(公告)号：US5094526A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-10
申请号：US610471
申请日：1990-11-07
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01P5/26
CPC分类号： G01P5/26
摘要： A Doppler velocimeter for measuring the doppler frequency shift of light scattered from particles suspended in a medium. The velocimeter includes a light source and an integrated optical waveguide having a first optical waveguide path for receiving an incident beam of light from the light source at one end. The first waveguide path further guides the incident beam to a second end which is located in the medium adjacent the particles. A second optical waveguide path is optically coupled to the first waveguide path for receiving the scattered light from the particles as well as the non-scattered light and guiding both to the other end thereof. A detector receives the scattered and non-scattered light from the second waveguide and converts it to an electrical signal indicative of the doppler frequency shift.
摘要翻译：一种用于测量从悬浮在介质中的颗粒散射的光的多普勒频移的多普勒测速仪。速度计包括光源和集成光波导，其具有用于在一端接收来自光源的入射入射光束的第一光波导路径。第一波导路径进一步将入射光束引导到位于与颗粒相邻的介质中的第二端。第二光波导路径被光学耦合到第一波导路径，用于接收来自粒子的散射光以及非散射光，并将其引导到另一端。检测器接收来自第二波导的散射光和非散射光，并将其转换为指示多普勒频移的电信号。

10. 发明授权

US4599906A Remote probe differential pressure transducer 失效
标题翻译：远程探头差压传感器
公开(公告)号：US4599906A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-15
申请号：US666843
申请日：1984-10-31
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Paul M. Kroninger, Jr.
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Paul M. Kroninger, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01F1/38 , G01L9/00 , G01L9/12
CPC分类号： G01L9/0073 , G01F1/386
摘要： A differential pressure transducer assembly for measuring flow in dirty and solids bearing fluids utilizes small barrier diaphragms located at the pressure taps of a flow measuring restriction. The barrier diaphragms are of minimum size and minimum thickness with a minimum volumetric compliance and are connected to a pressure receiving body by equal length capillaries of minimum i.d. A measuring transducer with a diaphragm having low volumetric displacement for measured differential pressures and having minimum volume diaphragm cavities is connected to the capillaries by equal and minimum volume cavities in the pressure receiving body. The pressure receiving body cavities on both the high pressure side and the low pressure side incorporate close tolerance inserts of material having a low thermal expansion coefficient when compared to that of the pressure receiving body, so that with increases in temperature the volumes of the cavities, which are minimized as much as possible, will increase just enough to match the increase in volume of the fill fluid which fills the cavities and capillaries.
摘要翻译：用于测量脏污和固体轴承流体中的流量的差压传感器组件使用位于流量测量限制器的压力分接头处的小阻隔膜片。阻隔隔膜具有最小尺寸和最小厚度，具有最小的体积顺应性，并且通过相等长度的最小i.d的毛细管连接到受压体。具有用于测量差压的具有低体积位移并具有最小体积隔膜腔的隔膜的测量传感器通过压力接收体中相等和最小体积的腔连接到毛细管。与压力接收体相比，高压侧和低压侧的压力接收体腔都具有热膨胀系数较小的紧密公差插入物，因此随着温度的升高，空腔的体积，这尽可能地最小化，将增加足以匹配填充腔和毛细管的填充流体的体积增加。

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