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1. 发明授权

US06478965B1 Recovery of fermentation salts from dilute aqueous solutions 失效
标题翻译：从稀水溶液中回收发酵盐
公开(公告)号：US06478965B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09441211
申请日：1999-11-16
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Torsten Luettich
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Torsten Luettich
IPC分类号： B01D1102
CPC分类号： B01D17/042 , B01D11/0457 , B01D17/00 , B01D17/0211 , B01D17/0214 , B01D17/041 , B01D17/044 , B01D17/045 , B01D17/047 , B01D17/048 , C07C51/48 , C07C53/08
摘要： Dilute solutions of fermentation sales may be concentrated by extracting water using low-miscibility, low-molecular-weight secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. triethylamine (TEA), diisopropyl amine (DIA), N,N-diethylmethylamine (DEMA), and mixtures thereof. At 30° C.-55° C., which corresponds to typical fermentation temperatures, these low-molecular-weight amines or their mixtures, can extract large amounts of water from dilute aqueous solutions containing fermentation salts. Thus, dilute fermentation salt solutions can be concentrated by selectively removing water. At these low temperatures, the amine phase contains 20-35% water and a much reduced quantity of fermentation salt. When the temperature is raised, water phases out of the amine, allowing the amine to be recycled and reused to extract additional water. Using this approach, about 82.5% of water can be removed from a 3% dilute solution using conventional multistage, countercurrent extraction, thus providing a 15% concentrated fermentation salt solution.
摘要翻译：发酵销售的稀释溶液可以通过使用低混溶性，低分子量仲胺和叔胺例如水，三乙胺（TEA），二异丙胺（DIA），N，N-二乙基甲胺（DEMA）及其混合物。这些低分子量胺或其混合物在30℃-55℃下对应于典型的发酵温度，可以从含有发酵盐的稀释水溶液中提取大量的水。因此，可以通过选择性除去水来浓缩稀释的发酵盐溶液。在这些低温下，胺相含有20-35％的水和大量减少的发酵盐。当温度升高时，水从胺中脱出，允许胺再循环并重新使用以提取额外的水。使用这种方法，可以使用常规的多级逆流提取，从3％稀释溶液中除去约82.5％的水，从而提供15％浓缩的发酵盐溶液。

2. 发明授权

US5986133A Recovery of fermentation salts from dilute aqueous solutions 失效
标题翻译：从稀水溶液中回收发酵盐
公开(公告)号：US5986133A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US885841
申请日：1997-06-30
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Torsten Luettich
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Torsten Luettich
IPC分类号： C12P7/54 , B01D11/04 , B01D17/00 , B01D17/04 , C07C51/48 , C07C53/08 , C07C55/10 , C07C59/08 , C12P7/40 , C07C51/42
CPC分类号： B01D17/042 , B01D11/0457 , B01D17/00 , B01D17/041 , C07C51/48
摘要： Dilute solutions of fermentation sales may be concentrated by extracting water using low-miscibility, low-molecular-weight secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. triethylamine (TEA), diisopropyl amine (DIA), N,N-diethylmethylamine (DEMA), and mixtures thereof. At 30.degree. C.-55.degree. C., which corresponds to typical fermentation temperatures, these low-molecular-weight amines or their mixtures, can extract large amounts of water from dilute aqueous solutions containing fermentation salts. Thus, dilute fermentation salt solutions can be concentrated by selectively removing water. At these low temperatures, the amine phase contains 20-35% water and a much reduced quantity of fermentation salt. When the temperature is raised, water phases out of the amine, allowing the amine to be recycled and reused to extract additional water. Using this approach, about 82.5% of water can be removed from a 3% dilute solution using conventional multistage, countercurrent extraction, thus providing a 15% concentrated fermentation salt solution.
摘要翻译：发酵销售的稀释溶液可以通过使用低混溶性，低分子量仲胺和叔胺例如水，三乙胺（TEA），二异丙胺（DIA），N，N-二乙基甲胺（DEMA）及其混合物。这些低分子量胺或其混合物在30℃-55℃下对应于典型的发酵温度，可以从含有发酵盐的稀释水溶液中提取大量的水。因此，可以通过选择性除去水来浓缩稀释的发酵盐溶液。在这些低温下，胺相含有20-35％的水和大量减少的发酵盐。当温度升高时，水从胺中脱出，允许胺再循环并重新使用以提取额外的水。使用这种方法，可以使用常规的多级逆流提取，从3％稀释溶液中除去约82.5％的水，从而提供15％浓缩的发酵盐溶液。

3. 发明申请

US20100152485A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于转化生物量的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20100152485A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12699669
申请日：2010-02-03
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Cesar B. Granda , Frank K. Agbogbo , Zhihong Fu
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Cesar B. Granda , Frank K. Agbogbo , Zhihong Fu
IPC分类号： C07C61/00 , C07C35/00
CPC分类号： C12P7/02 , C12P7/40 , Y02E50/16
摘要： In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a system and method converting biomass into useful chemicals are provided. In a particular embodiment, the method includes fermenting biomass in one or more fermentors to produce a fermentation broth comprising ammonium carboxylate salts, the fermentors containing an ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate buffer. The method further includes reacting the ammonium carboxylate salts from the fermentors with a high-molecular-weight amine to produce amine carboxylate salt, and thermally cracking the amine carboxylate salt to produce carboxylic acid. In another embodiment, the ammonium carboxylate salts from the fermentors may be reacted with a low-molecular-weight amine to produce a low-molecular-weight-amine carboxylate salt. The low-molecular-weight amine in the low-molecular-weight-amine carboxylate salt may then be switched with a high-molecular-weight amine to form a high-molecular-weight-amine carboxylate salt, which is then thermally cracked to produce carboxylic acid.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的教导，提供了将生物质转化为有用化学物质的系统和方法。在一个具体实施方案中，该方法包括在一个或多个发酵罐中发酵生物质以产生包含羧酸铵盐的发酵液，所述发酵罐含有碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵缓冲液。该方法还包括使来自发酵罐的羧酸铵盐与高分子量胺反应以产生胺羧酸盐，并热分解胺羧酸盐以产生羧酸。在另一个实施方案中，来自发酵罐的羧酸铵盐可以与低分子量胺反应以产生低分子量 - 羧酸盐。然后可以用高分子量胺转化低分子量羧酸盐中的低分子量胺形成高分子量胺羧酸盐，然后将其热裂解产生羧酸。

4. 发明授权

US5969189A Thermal conversion of volatile fatty acid salts to ketones 失效
标题翻译：挥发性脂肪酸盐转化为酮类
公开(公告)号：US5969189A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-19
申请号：US885774
申请日：1997-06-30
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： F28C3/14 , B01J8/08 , C07C41/01 , C07C45/54 , C07C49/04 , C07C45/45
CPC分类号： F28C3/14 , B01J8/087
摘要： This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种通过将疏水性容器中的VFAs的干钙盐与热传热剂混合来将挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）盐热转化为酮的方法，由此引起VFA的钙盐的热分解形成含酮蒸汽和碳酸钙; 并通过将来自含酮蒸气的酮的混合物冷凝来分离含酮蒸汽与碳酸钙和传热剂。

5. 发明授权

US06262313B1 Thermal conversion of fatty acid salts to ketones 有权
标题翻译：脂肪酸盐对酮的热转化
公开(公告)号：US06262313B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09469245
申请日：1999-12-22
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： C07C4545
CPC分类号： C12P7/40 , C07C29/145 , C07C45/54 , C07C49/04 , C07C31/08 , C07C31/10 , C07C31/12 , C07C31/125
摘要： This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor. This invention also provides a process for conversion of VFA salts, produced by anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic biomass, into liquid fuels, volatile fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and lactic acid.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种通过将疏水性容器中的VFAs的干钙盐与热传热剂混合而将挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）盐热转化为酮的方法，从而引起VFA的钙盐的热分解以形成含酮蒸汽和碳酸钙; 并通过将来自含酮蒸气的酮的混合物冷凝来分离含酮蒸汽与碳酸钙和传热剂。本发明还提供了将通过纤维素生物质的厌氧发酵生产的VFA盐转化为液体燃料，挥发性脂肪酸，醛，醇和乳酸的方法。

6. 发明授权

US5693296A Calcium hydroxide pretreatment of biomass 失效
标题翻译：生物质氢氧化钙预处理
公开(公告)号：US5693296A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-02
申请号：US300543
申请日：1994-09-06
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Murlidhar Nagwani
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison , Murlidhar Nagwani
IPC分类号： A23K10/32 , C01F11/18 , C12P7/10 , C13K1/02 , C01F11/02 , A23K1/12 , C01F11/06
CPC分类号： C12P7/10 , A23K10/32 , C01F11/18 , C13K1/02 , Y02E50/16
摘要： Lignocellulose-containing materials are treated with lime (calcium hydroxide) and water at a relatively high temperature and for a certain period of time under certain conditions. The process variables were: lime loading which ranged from about 2 to about g Ca(OH).sub.2 /100 g dry material; water loading which ranged from about 6 to about 19 g water/g dry material; treatment temperature which varied from about 50.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C.; and treatment time which varied from about 1 to about 36 hours. The effects of treatment time and temperature were interdependent. A process for lime recovery is developed. The soluble Ca(OH).sub.2 was washed out of the pretreated material with water and converted to insoluble CaCO.sub.3, by reacting with CO.sub.2, and was thus separated. The CaCO.sub.3 can be heated to produce CaO and CO.sub.2. The CaO is hydrated to Ca(OH).sub.2 which can be reused as the lignocellulose treatment agent. Carbon dioxide is reused for lime recovery.
摘要翻译：含木质纤维素的材料在比较高的温度下用石灰（氢氧化钙）和水处理并在一定条件下处理一段时间。过程变量为：约2至约g Ca（OH）2 / 100g干物料的石灰负荷; 水含量范围为约6至约19克水/克干物质; 处理温度从约50℃变化到约150℃。治疗时间约1〜36小时。治疗时间和温度的影响是相互依存的。开发了石灰回收方法。将可溶性Ca（OH）2用水从预处理物质中洗出，并与CO 2反应转化为不溶性CaCO 3，由此分离。可以加热CaCO3以产生CaO和CO 2。 CaO与Ca（OH）2水合，可以作为木质纤维素处理剂再次使用。二氧化碳重新用于石灰回收。

7. 发明申请

US20100248318A1 HYDROGEN PROCESSING AND IMPURITY REMOVAL AND CLEANING METHODS IN A BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS 审中-公开
标题翻译：生物质转化过程中的氢加工和污染物清除和清除方法
公开(公告)号：US20100248318A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US12795377
申请日：2010-06-07
申请人： Cesar B. Granda , Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Cesar B. Granda , Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： C12P7/62 , C12P7/54
CPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C12M21/04 , C12M23/58 , C12M47/06 , C12M47/18 , C12P7/02 , C12P7/40 , C12P7/54
摘要： In one embodiment, the disclosure includes a method of biomass conversion including fermenting biomass to produce a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt and hydrogen gas, recovering the hydrogen gas, and converting the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt to an alcohol using the hydrogen gas. In one embodiment, the hydrogen produced by biomass conversion may be converted to an acetate. Another embodiment relates to a biomass conversion system. The system may include: a fermentation unit for fermentation of biomass to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt in a fermentation broth and for production of a carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas stream, an extraction unit for extracting the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt from the fermentation broth, a gas extraction unit for separation of the hydrogen gas and the carbon dioxide, and a production unit for production of an alcohol from the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt using the hydrogen gas.
摘要翻译：在一个实施方案中，本公开包括生物质转化的方法，包括发酵生物质以产生羧酸或羧酸盐和氢气，回收氢气，并使用氢气将羧酸或羧酸盐转化为醇。在一个实施方案中，通过生物质转化产生的氢可以转化为乙酸酯。另一个实施方案涉及生物质转化系统。该系统可以包括：发酵单元，其用于将发酵生物质发酵到发酵液中的羧酸或羧酸盐，并用于生产二氧化碳和氢气流;提取单元，用于从发酵液中提取羧酸或羧酸盐，用于分离氢气和二氧化碳的气体提取单元，以及使用氢气从羧酸或羧酸盐生成醇的生产单元。

8. 发明申请

US20080176301A1 Hydrogen Processing, And Impurity Removal And Cleaning Methods In A Biomass Conversion Process 审中-公开
标题翻译：氢处理，以及生物质转化过程中的杂质去除和清洗方法
公开(公告)号：US20080176301A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-24
申请号：US11948506
申请日：2007-11-30
申请人： Cesar B Granda , Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Cesar B Granda , Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： C12P7/04 , C12M1/00
CPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C12M21/04 , C12M23/58 , C12M47/06 , C12M47/18 , C12P7/02 , C12P7/40 , C12P7/54
摘要： In one embodiment, the disclosure includes a method of biomass conversion including fermenting biomass to produce a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt and hydrogen gas, recovering the hydrogen gas, and converting the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt to an alcohol using the hydrogen gas. In one embodiment, the hydrogen produced by biomass conversion may be converted to an acetate. Another embodiment relates to a biomass conversion system. The system may include: a fermentation unit for fermentation of biomass to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt in a fermentation broth and for production of a carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas stream, an extraction unit for extracting the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt from the fermentation broth, a gas extraction unit for separation of the hydrogen gas and the carbon dioxide, and a production unit for production of an alcohol from the carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt using the hydrogen gas.
摘要翻译：在一个实施方案中，本公开包括生物质转化的方法，包括发酵生物质以产生羧酸或羧酸盐和氢气，回收氢气，并使用氢气将羧酸或羧酸盐转化为醇。在一个实施方案中，通过生物质转化产生的氢可以转化为乙酸酯。另一个实施方案涉及生物质转化系统。该系统可以包括：发酵单元，其用于将发酵生物质发酵到发酵液中的羧酸或羧酸盐，并用于生产二氧化碳和氢气流;提取单元，用于从发酵液中提取羧酸或羧酸盐，用于分离氢气和二氧化碳的气体提取单元，以及使用氢气从羧酸或羧酸盐生成醇的生产单元。

9. 发明授权

US06395926B1 Process for recovering low-boiling acids 有权
标题翻译：回收低沸点酸的方法
公开(公告)号：US06395926B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09882853
申请日：2001-06-15
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： C07C5100
CPC分类号： C12P7/40 , C07C29/145 , C07C45/54 , C07C49/04 , C07C31/08 , C07C31/10 , C07C31/12 , C07C31/125
摘要： The invention provides a method for recovering low-boiling acids from a concentrated solution of the calcium salt of the acid by treating the concentrated solution of calcium salts of the low-boiling acids with a high molecular weight tertiary amine and carbon dioxide.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种通过用高分子量叔胺和二氧化碳处理低沸点酸的钙盐的浓缩溶液从酸的钙盐的浓缩溶液中回收低沸点酸的方法。

10. 发明授权

US6043392A Method for conversion of biomass to chemicals and fuels 失效
标题翻译：将生物质转化为化学品和燃料的方法
公开(公告)号：US6043392A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-28
申请号：US885896
申请日：1997-06-30
申请人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
发明人： Mark T. Holtzapple , Richard R. Davison
IPC分类号： C12M1/00 , C07C29/145 , C07C45/54 , C07C49/04 , C07C51/02 , C07C59/08 , C10L1/02 , C12P7/40 , C12P7/52 , C12P7/54 , C07C51/00
CPC分类号： C12P7/40 , C07C29/145 , C07C45/54
摘要： This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal decomposition of the calcium salts of VFAs to form ketone-containing vapor and calcium carbonate; and separating the ketone-containing vapor from the calcium carbonate and heat transfer agent by condensing a mixture of ketones from the ketone-containing vapor. This invention also provides a process for conversion of VFA salts, produced by anaerobic fermentation of cellulosic biomass, into liquid fuels, volatile fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and lactic acid.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种通过将疏水性容器中的VFAs的干钙盐与热传热剂混合来将挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）盐热转化为酮的方法，由此引起VFA的钙盐的热分解形成含酮蒸汽和碳酸钙; 并通过将来自含酮蒸气的酮的混合物冷凝来分离含酮蒸汽与碳酸钙和传热剂。本发明还提供了将通过纤维素生物质的厌氧发酵生产的VFA盐转化为液体燃料，挥发性脂肪酸，醛，醇和乳酸的方法。

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