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1. 发明授权

US5023452A Method and apparatus for detecting trace contaminents 失效
标题翻译：用于检测痕量污染物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5023452A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-11
申请号：US511672
申请日：1990-04-20
申请人： Lauren M. Purcell , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： Lauren M. Purcell , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G01N1/28 , G01N21/17 , G01N21/85 , G01N23/00 , G01N37/00 , G01Q30/14 , G01Q60/00
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G01N21/17 , G01N23/00 , G01N2021/8571 , G01N2223/418 , G01N2223/426 , G01N2223/637 , G01N2223/638 , G01N2223/652 , Y10S977/852
摘要： Apparatus and methods for identifying the nature of an unidentified substrate present in trace amounts of known gaseous or liquid media such as air or water include collecting a sample of the substance in the media, filtering and concentrating the sample, depositing at least a portion of the same on a known substrate, analyzing the deposited sample utilizing SETM, NFOM and/or AFM techniques to form one or more images characteristic of the unidentified substance, and then identifying the substance by comparing the images so obtained to images of known substances obtained using the same techniques.

2. 发明申请

US20080219246A1 System and method for switching using coordinated phase shifters 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用协调移相器切换的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080219246A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-11
申请号：US11715432
申请日：2007-03-08
申请人： Mansoor K. Siddiqui , Albert F. Lawrence , Kai E. Johnson , Lance B. Sjogren
发明人： Mansoor K. Siddiqui , Albert F. Lawrence , Kai E. Johnson , Lance B. Sjogren
IPC分类号： H04L12/50
CPC分类号： H01P1/10
摘要： A switching circuit (100) is provided, comprising: a signal coupler (110) configured to receive first and second input signals and provide first and second coupled signals; a first phase shifter (130) configured to shift a first phase of the first coupled signal by zero degrees or ninety degrees based on a first control signal to generate a first shifted signal; a second phase shifter (135) configured to shift a second phase of the second coupled signal by zero degrees or ninety degrees based on a second control signal to generate a second shifted signal; and a combiner (150) configured to combine the first and second shifted signals. The first coupled signal includes an in-phase copy of the first input signal and a ninety-degree-shifted copy of the second input signal; and the second coupled signal includes an in-phase copy of the second input signal and a ninety-degree-shifted copy of the first input signal.
摘要翻译：提供了一种开关电路（100），包括：信号耦合器（110），被配置为接收第一和第二输入信号并提供第一和第二耦合信号; 第一移相器（130），被配置为基于第一控制信号将第一耦合信号的第一相位移位零度或九十度，以产生第一移位信号; 第二移相器（135），被配置为基于第二控制信号将所述第二耦合信号的第二相位移位零度或九十度，以产生第二移位信号; 以及被配置为组合第一和第二移位信号的组合器（150）。第一耦合信号包括第一输入信号的同相复制和第二输入信号的九十位移复制; 并且第二耦合信号包括第二输入信号的同相拷贝和第一输入信号的九十位移复制。

3. 发明授权

US5228001A Optical random access memory 失效
标题翻译：光学随机存取存储器
公开(公告)号：US5228001A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-13
申请号：US644500
申请日：1991-01-23
申请人： Robert R. Birge , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： Robert R. Birge , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G11B7/0045 , G11C13/04
CPC分类号： G11B7/00455 , G11C13/04
摘要： An electro optical random access memory uses a film of bacteriorhodopsin or similar photochromic substance which can change between two light absorbing states in response to light of each of two wavelengths. In one embodiment combined red and green laser beams are steered in two orthogonal directions to memory locations on the film. The relative amounts of the light of the two wavelength reflected from memory cell is sensed and discriminated to indicate "1" or "0". A crowbar circuit holds one or the other of the two laser beams on to compensate for degradation that occurs in a read cycle. In another embodiment a single wavelength is employed for read and write operations, but at a much greater strength for the write operation.
摘要翻译：电光学随机存取存储器使用细菌视紫红质或类似光致变色物质的膜，其可以响应于两个波长中的每一个的光而在两种光吸收状态之间变化。在一个实施例中，组合的红色和绿色激光束在两个正交方向上转向到胶片上的记忆位置。从存储单元反射的两个波长的光的相对量被感测和鉴别以表示“1”或“0”。撬棒电路保持两个激光束中的一个或另一个以补偿在读周期中发生的劣化。在另一个实施例中，单个波长用于读取和写入操作，但是对于写入操作来说具有非常大的强度。

4. 发明授权

US06054712A Inspection equipment using small-angle topography in determining an object's internal structure and composition 失效
公开(公告)号：US06054712A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-25
申请号：US012771
申请日：1998-01-23
申请人： Oleg V. Komardin , Albert F. Lawrence , Pavel I. Lazarev
发明人： Oleg V. Komardin , Albert F. Lawrence , Pavel I. Lazarev
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , A61B6/02 , G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/502 , G01V5/0025
摘要： Devices for X-ray topography determine structures and compositions of objects. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a scanning system forms images using small angle scattering. A spatial filter selects radiation an object scatters at small angles and blocks other radiation. A coordinate-sensitive detector behind the filter records the scattered radiation. An object image is constructed based on the small-angle scattering information and the compositions of regions of the object are determined from scattering curves for the regions. One embodiment of the invention includes a source of penetrating radiation, a detector system for radiation transmitted through an analyzed object, a detector system for radiation the object scatters at small angles, and a unit for moving the object during scanning. A three-dimensional absorption factor distribution is determined for the object by X-raying the object at different angles. Small-angle scattering curves are obtained for separate volume elements of the object. The scattering curve for a volume element is compared to a data base of scattering curves for known substances to identify the composition of the element. A three-dimensional image of the object's internal structure has the substances composing the object identified. A unit shaping the radiation flux to the object can be two separate sets of collimators. One set forms fan beams for scanning the object and forming an image based on radiation absorption. The other set of collimators forms beams for imaging based on small-angle scattering and includes a series of multislit collimators. The collimators' axes are at different angles with the object motion direction. Each multislit collimator forms flat weakly diverging fan-shaped beams. Two-dimensional coordinate-sensitive detectors with a spatial filter positioned before each of the detectors record the scattered radiation.

5. 发明授权

US5291032A Fiber optic evanescent wave fuel gauge and leak detector using eccentric core fibers 失效
标题翻译：光纤消弧波燃料计和使用偏心芯纤维的检漏仪
公开(公告)号：US5291032A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-01
申请号：US59714
申请日：1993-05-11
申请人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , I-Fu Shih , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , I-Fu Shih , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G01F23/292 , G01N15/06
CPC分类号： G01F23/292 , Y10S250/907
摘要： An optical fiber evanescent wave fuel sensor, employing a light source with a wavelength selected to be at the strong infrared absorption lines of the fuel, typically hydrocarbons. The amount of light leaking from the optical fiber is an exponential function of the length of the fiber in the liquid, and is independent of the relative indices of refraction of the fuel and fiber cladding material.
摘要翻译：一种光纤ev逝波燃料传感器，其采用波长选定在燃料的强红外吸收线上的光源，通常为烃类。从光纤泄漏的光量是液体中纤维长度的指数函数，并且与燃料和纤维包层材料的相对折射率无关。

6. 发明授权

US5235179A Evanescent wave liquid level sensor with density compensation 失效
标题翻译：渐近波液位传感器具有密度补偿
公开(公告)号：US5235179A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US764754
申请日：1991-09-24
申请人： David B. Chang , Victor Vali , Keith V. Pearson , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： David B. Chang , Victor Vali , Keith V. Pearson , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G01F23/292 , G01N9/24 , G01N21/55 , G01N21/85
CPC分类号： G01F23/292 , G01N21/552 , G01N9/24 , Y10S250/90 , Y10S250/905
摘要： An evanescent wave liquid level sensor for measuring the density-compensated level of a liquid in a container. The sensor employs an eccentric core optical fiber fully immersed in the liquid to be measured. Light is injected into one end of the fiber. Some of the light will be lost due to evanescent wave losses. Changes in the ratio of the intensity of the input light and the reflected light are due solely to changes in the density of the liquid. Changes in the liquid density can then be used to compensate a liquid level measurement. Since the liquid temperature is related to its density, the sensor can also be used to measure changes in the liquid temperature.
摘要翻译：一种ev逝波液位传感器，用于测量容器中液体的密度补偿水平。传感器采用完全浸入待测液体的偏心芯光纤。光被注入纤维的一端。一些光将由于ev逝的波浪损失而消失。输入光的强度与反射光的比例的变化仅由于液体密度的变化。然后可以使用液体密度的变化来补偿液位测量。由于液体温度与其密度有关，传感器也可用于测量液体温度的变化。

7. 发明授权

US5233673A Output steerable optical phased array 失效
标题翻译：输出可转换光学相位阵列
公开(公告)号：US5233673A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-03
申请号：US773471
申请日：1991-10-09
申请人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G01S7/48 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/295 , G11B7/135 , H01S5/40
CPC分类号： G02F1/2955 , G01S7/48 , H01S5/40 , G02F1/0134 , G02F1/035 , G02F2202/20 , G02F2203/24
摘要： Optical phased arrays employing a large number of light emitters and optical phase delays between adjacent emitters to steer and focus an optical beam from the contributions of all the light emitters. The array can include a laser oscillator (22) as the light source, with the laser light being conducted via optical waveguides (26, 30 and 32) into optical fibers (34), with phase delays being effected by piezoelectric or electro-optic effects on the optical waveguides. The array can be used in a low cost display device for generating optical images or in an optical memory.
摘要翻译：在相邻发射器之间采用大量光发射器和光相位延迟的光相位阵列，以引导和聚焦来自所有发光体的贡献的光束。阵列可以包括作为光源的激光振荡器（22），激光通过光波导（26,30和32）传导到光纤（34）中，相位延迟通过压电或电光效应在光波导上。该阵列可以用于低成本显示装置中以产生光学图像或在光学存储器中。

8. 发明授权

US5210779A Apparatus and method for focusing hard X-rays 失效
标题翻译：用于聚焦硬X射线的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5210779A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-11
申请号：US736153
申请日：1991-07-26
申请人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , Albert F. Lawrence
发明人： Victor Vali , David B. Chang , Albert F. Lawrence
IPC分类号： G03F7/20 , G21K1/06 , H01L21/027
CPC分类号： G21K1/06 , G03F7/70158 , G03F7/70316 , G21K2201/062
摘要： A dislocation-free, composite-substance crystal having a lattice constant which decreases over the length of the crystal (38) convergently focuses beams of hard X-rays or gamma rays (11). A single-substance, dislocation-free crystal (34) collimates diffuse beams of hard X-rays or gamma rays and projects the collimated radiation (11') to the focusing crystal (38). A mask (36) is interposed between the collimating crystal (34) and the focusing crystal (38) causing the collimated radiation (11'') to carry an image of the mask (36). The focusing crystal (38) produces a convergent hard X-ray beam or gamma ray beam (11''') to focus a reduced image of the mask (36) upon the photosensitive layer (41) of a wafer (39). An example of a dislocation-free crystal having a lattice constant which decreases over its length (38) is a dislocation-free silicon-germanium crystal (20) wherein the proportion of germanium to silicon varies over the length of the crystal.
摘要翻译：具有在晶体（38）的长度上减小的晶格常数的无位错复合材料晶体会聚地聚焦硬X射线或γ射线（11）的光束。单体无位错晶体（34）准直了硬X射线或伽马射线的漫射束，并将准直辐射（11'）投影到聚焦晶体（38）。在准直晶体（34）和聚焦晶体（38）之间插入有使准直辐射（11“）携带掩模（36）的图像的掩模（36）。聚焦晶体（38）产生会聚的硬X射线束或伽马射线束（11“），以将掩模（36）的还原图像聚焦在晶片（39）的感光层（41）上。具有在其长度上减小的晶格常数（38）的无位错晶体的实例是无位错硅 - 锗晶体（20），其中锗与硅的比例在晶体长度上变化。

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