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1. 发明授权

US08644358B2 Highly power-efficient and broadband quantum cascade lasers 有权
标题翻译：高效率和宽带量子级联激光器
公开(公告)号：US08644358B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-04
申请号：US12795954
申请日：2010-06-08
申请人： Qiang Liu , Yu Yao , Anthony J. Hoffman , Matthew Escarra , Kale J. Franz , Jacob Khurgin , Yamac Dikmelik , William O. Charles , Jianxin Chen , Claire F. Gmachl
发明人： Qiang Liu , Yu Yao , Anthony J. Hoffman , Matthew Escarra , Kale J. Franz , Jacob Khurgin , Yamac Dikmelik , William O. Charles , Jianxin Chen , Claire F. Gmachl
IPC分类号： H01S5/34 , H01S5/343
CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 , B82Y20/00 , H01S5/0014 , H01S5/3407
摘要： The present invention relates generally to highly power-efficient quantum cascade sources, such as highly power-efficient quantum cascade lasers having ultra-strong coupling between injector and active regions which may be configured to provide broadband quantum cascade lasers.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及高功率效率的量子级联源，例如具有在喷射器和有源区域之间具有超强耦合的高功率效率量子级联激光器，其可被配置为提供宽带量子级联激光器。

2. 发明申请

US20110080930A1 Highly Power-efficient and Broadband Quantum Cascade Lasers 有权
标题翻译：高功率和宽带量子级联激光器
公开(公告)号：US20110080930A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-07
申请号：US12795954
申请日：2010-06-08
申请人： Qiang Liu , Yu Yao , Anthony J. Hoffman , Matthew Escarra , Kale J. Franz , Jacob Khurgin , Yamac Dikmelik , William O. Charles , Jianxin Chen , Claire F. Gmachl
发明人： Qiang Liu , Yu Yao , Anthony J. Hoffman , Matthew Escarra , Kale J. Franz , Jacob Khurgin , Yamac Dikmelik , William O. Charles , Jianxin Chen , Claire F. Gmachl
IPC分类号： H01S5/34
CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 , B82Y20/00 , H01S5/0014 , H01S5/3407
摘要： The present invention relates generally to highly power-efficient quantum cascade sources, such as highly power-efficient quantum cascade lasers having ultra-strong coupling between injector and active regions which may be configured to provide broadband quantum cascade lasers.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及高功率效率的量子级联源，例如具有在喷射器和有源区域之间具有超强耦合的高功率效率量子级联激光器，其可被配置为提供宽带量子级联激光器。

3. 发明申请

US20080273565A1 EXCITED STATE QUANTUM CASCADE PHOTON SOURCE 审中-公开
标题翻译：激光光源
公开(公告)号：US20080273565A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-06
申请号：US11744508
申请日：2007-05-04
申请人： Claire F. Gmachl , Kale J. Franz
发明人： Claire F. Gmachl , Kale J. Franz
IPC分类号： H01S5/34 , H01L33/00
CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 , B82Y20/00 , H01S5/024 , H01S5/3415
摘要： A quantum cascade source, such as a QC laser, is provided comprising a plurality of repeat units each including an active region and an injector region. The active region includes at least two quantum wells that, in response to an applied electrical bias, provide a first, second, and third electron energy level, each resulting from a respective quantum well excited state. The first and second energy levels are configured so that an electron transition from the first energy level to the second energy level emits a photon of a selected wavelength. The second and third energy levels are configured so that an electron transition from the second energy level to the third energy level comprises a nonradiative transition to empty the second energy level sufficiently quickly to promote a population inversion between the first and second energy levels.
摘要翻译：提供了量子级联源，例如QC激光器，其包括多个重复单元，每个重复单元包括有源区和注入区。有源区包括至少两个量子阱，其响应于施加的电偏压而提供第一，第二和第三电子能级，每个由相应的量子阱激发态产生。第一和第二能级配置成使得从第一能级到第二能级的电子跃迁发射所选波长的光子。第二和第三能级配置成使得从第二能量级到第三能级的电子跃迁包括非辐射过渡以足够快地清空第二能级，以促进第一和第二能量级之间的总体反转。

4. 发明授权

US06836499B2 Optical amplifier for quantum cascade laser 有权
标题翻译：用于量子级联激光器的光放大器
公开(公告)号：US06836499B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US10155562
申请日：2002-05-24
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Claire F. Gmachl , Deborah Lee Sivco , Mariano Troccoli
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Claire F. Gmachl , Deborah Lee Sivco , Mariano Troccoli
IPC分类号： H01S500
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/3402 , H01S5/50
摘要： Techniques for amplifying light produced by a quantum cascade laser are described. An assembly according to the present invention includes an optical amplifier having an optical input and an optical output. The optical output has an area significantly greater than that of the optical output and the geometry of the amplifier is such that the amplifier widens from the optical input to the optical output. The optical amplifier is formed of a layered waveguide structure which achieves quantum confinement of electrons and photons within the active region. A distributed feedback laser is suitably coupled to the optical amplifier at the optical input of the amplifier. The widening of the amplifier makes available a large number of electrons, so that the amplifier is able to produce many photons resulting from stimulated transitions caused by introduction of light to the optical input of the amplifier, even if the great majority of the transitions occur nonradiatively.
摘要翻译：描述用于放大由量子级联激光器产生的光的技术。根据本发明的组件包括具有光输入和光输出的光放大器。光输出具有明显大于光输出的面积，并且放大器的几何形状使得放大器从光输入增宽到光输出。光放大器由层状波导结构形成，其在有源区内实现电子和光子的量子限制。分布式反馈激光器适当地耦合到放大器的光输入处的光放大器。放大器的加宽使得可以获得大量的电子，使得放大器能够产生由于通过向放大器的光输入引入光引起的受激变换而产生的许多光子，即使绝大多数的跃迁是非辐射的。

5. 发明授权

US06728282B2 Engineering the gain/loss profile of intersubband optical devices having heterogeneous cascades 有权
标题翻译：设计具有异质级联的子带间光学器件的增益/损耗曲线
公开(公告)号：US06728282B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US09883542
申请日：2001-06-18
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Rafaelle Colombelli , Claire F. Gmachl , Hock Min Ng , Deborah Lee Sivco
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Rafaelle Colombelli , Claire F. Gmachl , Hock Min Ng , Deborah Lee Sivco
IPC分类号： H01S500
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/3402 , H01S5/3422 , H01S5/4087 , H01S2301/18
摘要： An optical device includes a stack of at least two different intersubband (ISB) optical sub-devices in which the gain/loss profiles of the individual ISB sub-devices are mutually adapted, or engineered, so as to generate a predetermined overall function for the combination. We define this combination device as being heterogeneous since not all of the individual ISB sub-devices are identical to one another. Illustratively, the parameters of each individual ISB sub-device that might be subject to this engineering process include: the peak energy of the ISB optical transitions (emission or absorption) associated with each RT region, the position of each sub-device in the stack; the oscillator strengths of these ISB transitions; the energy bandwidth of each transition; and the total length of the RT and I/R regions of each ISB sub-device. In one embodiment, our approach may be used to engineer a gain profile that has peaks at a multiplicity of different wavelengths, thus realizing a multi-wavelength ISB optical source in which the applied electric field self-proportions itself so that each individual ISB sub-device experiences the appropriate field strength for its particular design. Alternatively, the gain profile may be engineered to be relatively flat over a predetermined wavelength range. In another embodiment, our approach may be used to generate a function that compensates for a characteristic of another device. For example, our heterogeneous ISB device may be engineered to have a gain profile that compensates for the loss profile of another device. Alternatively, the gain/loss profile may be engineered to produce a nonlinear refractive index profile in our device that compensates for that of another device (e.g., an optical fiber).
摘要翻译：光学装置包括至少两个不同的子带间（ISB）光学子装置的叠层，其中各个ISB子装置的增益/损耗曲线相互适应或设计，以便产生预定的整体功能组合。我们将此组合设备定义为异构，因为并非所有的单个ISB子设备都是相同的。示例性地，可能受该工程过程影响的各个ISB子设备的参数包括：与每个RT区域相关联的ISB光学跃迁（发射或吸收）的峰值能量，堆叠中每个子设备的位置 ; 这些ISB转换的振荡器强度; 每个过渡的能量带宽; 以及每个ISB子设备的RT和I / R区域的总长度。在一个实施例中，我们的方法可以用于设计在多个不同波长处具有峰值的增益分布，从而实现多波长ISB光源，其中所施加的电场自身比例，使得每个单独的ISB子载波，设备体验其特定设计的适当场强。或者，增益分布可以被设计为在预定波长范围上相对平坦。在另一个实施例中，我们的方法可以用于产生补偿另一设备的特性的功能。例如，我们的异构ISB设备可以被设计为具有补偿另一设备的丢失简档的增益简档。或者，增益/损耗曲线可以被设计为在我们的装置中产生非线性折射率分布，其补偿另一装置（例如，光纤）的折射率分布。

6. 发明授权

US06333944B1 Semiconductor laser for operation in librational modes 有权
标题翻译：半导体激光器用于演示模式
公开(公告)号：US06333944B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-25
申请号：US09591716
申请日：2000-06-12
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Claire F. Gmachl , Deborah Lee Sivco , Evgueni E. Narimanov , Alfred Douglas Stone
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Claire F. Gmachl , Deborah Lee Sivco , Evgueni E. Narimanov , Alfred Douglas Stone
IPC分类号： H01S3083
CPC分类号： H01S3/083
摘要： A solid state laser comprises a cavity resonator in the form of a generally cylindrical body and, located within the resonator, an active region which generates lasing light when suitably pumped. The resonator has a relatively high effective refractive index (n>2 and typically n>3) is sufficiently deformed from circularity so as to support at least one librational mode (e.g., a V-shaped or a bow-tie mode, the latter being presently preferred for generating relatively high power, directional outputs). Specifically described is a Group III-V compound semiconductor, quantum cascade (QC), micro-cylinder laser in which the resonator has a flattened quadrupolar deformation from circularity. This laser exhibits both a highly directional output emission and a three-order of magnitude increase in optical output power compared to conventional semiconductor micro-cylinder QC lasers having circularly symmetric resonators.
摘要翻译：固体激光器包括呈大致圆柱形体形式的空腔谐振器，并且位于谐振器内部的有源区域，其在适当泵浦时产生激光。谐振器具有相对较高的有效折射率（n> 2且通常n> 3）从圆形度充分变形，以便支持至少一种示范模式（例如，V形或蝴蝶结模式，后者为目前优选用于产生相对高功率的方向输出）。具体描述的是其中谐振器具有从圆形度的扁平四极变形的III-V族化合物半导体，量子级联（QC），微圆柱激光器。与具有圆形对称谐振器的常规半导体微型气缸QC激光器相比，该激光器表现出高度方向性的输出发射和光输出功率三位数的增加。

7. 发明授权

US06324199B1 Intersubband light source with separate electron injector and reflector/extractor 有权
标题翻译：带有独立电子注入器和反射器/提取器的带内光源
公开(公告)号：US06324199B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09195260
申请日：1998-11-18
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Sung-Nee George Chu , Claire F. Gmachl , Albert Lee Hutchinson , Deborah Lee Sivco , Alessandro Tredicucci
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Sung-Nee George Chu , Claire F. Gmachl , Albert Lee Hutchinson , Deborah Lee Sivco , Alessandro Tredicucci
IPC分类号： H01S500
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/3402
摘要： An intersubband semiconductor light source comprises a core region that includes a unipolar, radiative transition (RT) region having upper and lower energy levels, an injector-only (I) region disposed on one side of the RT region, and a reflector/extractor-only (R/E) region disposed on the other side of the RT region. The I region has a first miniband of energy levels aligned so as to inject electrons into the upper energy level, and the R/E region has a second miniband of energy levels aligned so as to extract electrons from the lower energy level. The R/E region also has a minigap aligned so as to inhibit the extraction of electrons from the upper level. A suitable voltage applied across the core region is effective to cause the RT region to generate light at a wavelength determined by the energy difference between the upper and lower energy levels. Low voltage operation at less than 3 V is described.
摘要翻译：子带间半导体光源包括芯区域，其包括具有上和下能级的单极辐射跃迁（RT）区域，设置在RT区域的一侧上的仅注射器（I）区域，以及反射器/ （R / E）区域设置在RT区域的另一侧。 I区具有对准能量水平的第一小能级以将电子注入到上能量级中，并且R / E区具有对准的能级的第二小容纳，从而从较低的能级提取电子。 R / E区域也具有微小的栅极排列，从而抑制从上层提取电子。在芯区域上施加的合适电压有效地使得RT区域产生由上和下能量级之间的能量差确定的波长的光。描述低于3V的低电压操作。

8. 发明授权

US5901168A Article comprising an improved QC laser 失效
标题翻译：文章包括改进的QC激光
公开(公告)号：US5901168A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US852646
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： James Nelson Baillargeon , Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Jerome Faist , Claire F. Gmachl , Carlo Sirtori , Deborah Lee Sivco
发明人： James Nelson Baillargeon , Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Jerome Faist , Claire F. Gmachl , Carlo Sirtori , Deborah Lee Sivco
IPC分类号： H01S5/00 , H01S5/06 , H01S5/062 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/34 , H01S3/08 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/3402 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/06203 , H01S5/06243 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/1228
摘要： It has been found that previously known quantum cascade (QC) lasers have a shortcoming that substantially decreases their usefulness as radiation sources for pollution monitoring and other potential applications that involve absorption measurements. Except at cryogenic temperatures, these lasers have to be driven in pulse mode and are inherently multimode. We have now established that this shortcoming can be overcome by provision of appropriate distributed feedback. Resulting lasers (QC-DFB lasers) can have single mode mid-IR output at or near room temperature, can have significant optical power, and be continuously tunable over a significant spectral region.
摘要翻译：已经发现，先前已知的量子级联（QC）激光器具有显着降低其作为用于污染监测的辐射源和涉及吸收测量的其它潜在应用的有用性的缺点。除了在低温下，这些激光器必须以脉冲模式驱动，并且固有地是多模式的。我们现在已经确定，可以通过提供适当的分布式反馈来克服这个缺点。所产生的激光器（QC-DFB激光器）可以在室温或接近室温的单模中红外输出，可以具有显着的光功率，并且可以在显着的光谱区域上连续可调。

9. 发明授权

US10441201B2 Noninvasive mid-infrared in vivo glucose sensor 有权
公开(公告)号：US10441201B2
公开(公告)日：2019-10-15
申请号：US14470386
申请日：2014-08-27
申请人： Sabbir Liakat , Claire F. Gmachl , Anna P. M. Michel , Kevin Bors
发明人： Sabbir Liakat , Claire F. Gmachl , Anna P. M. Michel , Kevin Bors
IPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1495
摘要： A noninvasive mid-infrared in vivo glucose sensor for use in connection with the skin of a test subject is disclosed. The sensor includes a mid-infrared light source configured to deliver a light beam to the skin of the test subject, a collector element configured to collect backscattered light from the skin and direct it to the detector, and a detector element configured to measure the collected backscattered light from the skin. The mid-infrared light source may be a quantum cascade laser. The sensor may include optical fibers configured to deliver the light beam to the skin of the test subject. The collector element may be an integrating sphere or a bundle of two or more optical fibers. The sensor may also include a probe containing or connecting to optical fibers coupled to the mid-infrared light source and configured to be placed on the skin to take glucose level readings.

10. 发明授权

US06760354B2 Intersubband light emitters with injection/relaxation regions doped to different levels 有权
标题翻译：具有掺杂到不同级别的注入/弛豫区域的Intersubband光发射器
公开(公告)号：US06760354B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-06
申请号：US10096702
申请日：2002-03-12
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Rafaelle Colombelli , Claire F. Gmachl , Trinesha Shenika Mosely , Axel Straub , Deborah Lee Sivco , Mariano Troccoli
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Yi Cho , Rafaelle Colombelli , Claire F. Gmachl , Trinesha Shenika Mosely , Axel Straub , Deborah Lee Sivco , Mariano Troccoli
IPC分类号： H01S532
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G01N2021/399 , G01N2201/0612 , H01S5/305 , H01S5/3402
摘要： In an intersubband light emitter, at least two injection/relaxation (I/R) regions contiguous with the same RT region have different doping levels. Preferably, one I/R region has a doping level that is at least 100 times lower than that of the other I/R region. In one embodiment, one I/R region is undoped, whereas the other I/R region is doped.
摘要翻译：在子带间光发射器中，与相同RT区域连续的至少两个注入/弛豫（I / R）区域具有不同的掺杂水平。优选地，一个I / R区域的掺杂水平比其它I / R区域低至少100倍。在一个实施例中，一个I / R区域是未掺杂的，而另一个I / R区域被掺杂。

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