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1. 发明授权

US08592089B2 In-situ pore generation in lead-acid battery separator using electrolyte-soluble pore former 有权
标题翻译：铅酸蓄电池隔膜中使用电解质溶解成孔剂的原位孔生成
公开(公告)号：US08592089B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12600226
申请日：2008-05-15
申请人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M2/16
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/06 , H01M10/14
摘要： A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.
摘要翻译：用于淹水池型铅酸蓄电池的微孔聚乙烯电池隔板材料（212）在制造过程中使用电解质可溶性成孔剂时，可以获得孔隙率增加，润湿性提高和极低的电阻。成孔剂（210）可溶于电解液，因此在电池组装过程中溶解在硫酸中。造孔剂的溶解留在分离器材料中的另外更大的空隙（220）之后，从而增强离子扩散并改善电池性能。

2. 发明授权

US06704192B2 Electrically conductive, freestanding microporous sheet for use in an ultracapacitor 有权
标题翻译：用于超级电容器的导电，独立的微孔片材
公开(公告)号：US06704192B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US09975288
申请日：2001-10-10
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01G900
CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 , H01G9/042 , H01G9/155 , H01M2/1653 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/50 , H01M4/622 , H01M4/623 , H01M4/8875 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/417
摘要： A freestanding, microporous polymer sheet is composed of a polymer matrix binding an electrically conductive matrix. The polymer matrix preferably includes UHMWPE, and the electrically conductive matrix preferably contains one of a carbonaceous material and a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. The UHMWPE is of a molecular weight that provides sufficient molecular chain entanglement to form a sheet with freestanding characteristics. Multiple microporous sheets can be wound or stacked in a package filled with an electrolyte to function as electrodes in an energy storage device, such as a battery or an ultracapacitor.
摘要翻译：独立的微孔聚合物片材由结合导电基质的聚合物基质组成。聚合物基体优选包括UHMWPE，并且导电基质优选含有碳质材料和金属氧化物之一，或其组合。 UHMWPE具有提供足够的分子链缠结以形成具有独立特性的片材的分子量。可以将多个微孔板卷绕或堆叠在填充有电解质的包装中，用作诸如电池或超级电容器的能量存储装置中的电极。

3. 发明授权

US5932185A Method for making thin carbon foam electrodes 失效
标题翻译：制造薄碳泡沫电极的方法
公开(公告)号：US5932185A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US110003
申请日：1993-08-23
申请人： Richard W. Pekala , Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Robert L. Morrison
发明人： Richard W. Pekala , Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Robert L. Morrison
IPC分类号： B01J23/18 , B01J37/08 , B22F3/11 , C04B38/00 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/85 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/58 , C01B31/00
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B01J23/18 , B01J37/084 , B22F3/114 , C04B38/0022 , C04B41/5001 , C04B41/85 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/587 , C02F1/4691 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A method for fabricating thin, flat carbon electrodes by infiltrating highly porous carbon papers, membranes, felts, metal fibers/powders, or fabrics with an appropriate carbon foam precursor material. The infiltrated carbon paper, for example, is then cured to form a gel-saturated carbon paper, which is subsequently dried and pyrolyzed to form a thin sheet of porous carbon. The material readily stays flat and flexible during curing and pyrolyzing to form thin sheets. Precursor materials include polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylacrylonitrile (PMAN), resorcinol/formaldehyde, catechol/formaldehyde, phenol/formaldehyde, etc., or mixtures thereof. These thin films are ideal for use as high power and energy electrodes in batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells, and are potentially useful for capacitive deionization, filtration and catalysis.
摘要翻译：通过用合适的碳泡沫前体材料渗透高度多孔碳纸，膜，毡，金属纤维/粉末或织物来制造薄的扁平碳电极的方法。然后将渗透的碳纸固化以形成凝胶饱和碳纸，随后将其干燥并热解，形成多孔碳薄片。该材料在固化和热解过程中易于保持平坦和柔性，形成薄片。前体材料包括聚丙烯腈（PAN），聚甲基丙烯腈（PMAN），间苯二酚/甲醛，邻苯二酚/甲醛，苯酚/甲醛等，或其混合物。这些薄膜非常适用于电池，电容器和燃料电池中的高功率和高能量电极，并且可用于电容去离子，过滤和催化。

4. 发明申请

US20110045339A1 IN-SITU PORE GENERATION IN LEAD-ACID BATTERY SEPARATOR 有权
标题翻译：铅酸蓄电池分离器中的原位生成
公开(公告)号：US20110045339A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12600226
申请日：2008-05-15
申请人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M2/16 , H01M10/06
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/06 , H01M10/14
摘要： A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.
摘要翻译：用于淹水池型铅酸蓄电池的微孔聚乙烯电池隔板材料（212）在制造过程中使用电解质可溶性成孔剂时，可以获得孔隙率增加，润湿性提高和极低的电阻。成孔剂（210）可溶于电解液，因此在电池组装过程中溶解在硫酸中。造孔剂的溶解留在分离器材料中的另外更大的空隙（220）之后，从而增强离子扩散并改善电池性能。

5. 发明授权

US07211322B2 Lead acid battery separator with improved electrical and mechanical properties 有权
标题翻译：铅酸电池隔膜具有改善的电气和机械性能
公开(公告)号：US07211322B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-01
申请号：US11341939
申请日：2006-01-26
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B32B5/22
CPC分类号： H01M2/166 , C08K3/36 , H01M2/1653 , H01M2/1686 , H01M10/12 , Y10T428/249953 , Y10T428/249956 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/249991 , Y10T428/259 , C08L23/02
摘要： An oxidation resistant, microporous polyolefin web exhibiting high-strength mechanical and low electrical resistance properties is a solid matrix that includes an ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin component and a friable precipitated silica component. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin component provides high-strength mechanical properties to the web. The friable precipitated silica component is broken down into predominately discrete silica aggregates dispersed throughout the microporous web to maintain a low electrical resistance in the presence of an electrolyte. In an alternative preferred embodiment, a polyethylene web includes an antioxidant coating that is applied to the separator web following extraction of the majority of the process oils and drying of the extraction fluid from the separator pores. The resultant “sheath” of antioxidant protects the mechanical integrity of the polyethylene separator by suppressing polyethylene degradation.
摘要翻译：表现出高强度机械和低电阻性能的抗氧化微孔聚烯烃纤维网是包含超高分子量聚烯烃组分和易碎沉淀二氧化硅组分的固体基质。超高分子量聚烯烃组分为纤维网提供高强度机械性能。易碎的沉淀二氧化硅组分被分解成分散在整个微孔纤维网中的主要离散的二氧化硅聚集体，以在电解质存在下保持低电阻。在替代的优选实施方案中，聚乙烯纤维网包括抗氧化剂涂层，其在萃取大部分工艺油并从分离器孔中干燥萃取流体之后施加到隔板网。所得的抗氧化剂“护套”通过抑制聚乙烯降解来保护聚乙烯隔板的机械完整性。

6. 发明授权

US6025068A Inkjet printable coating for microporous materials 失效
标题翻译：用于微孔材料的喷墨可印刷涂层
公开(公告)号：US6025068A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US23374
申请日：1998-02-13
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B41M5/52 , C08L71/02 , B32B3/26 , B41M5/00
CPC分类号： C08L71/02 , B41M5/5254 , B41M5/5281 , Y10T428/249978 , Y10T428/249985 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/249991 , Y10T428/259
摘要： A microporous material substrate is coated with a coating composition comprising a volatile aqueous liquid medium and binder dissolved or dispersed in the volatile aqueous liquid medium, wherein the binder comprises film-forming organic polymer comprising: (a) water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 to 3,000,000, and (b) water-soluble or water-dispersible crosslinkable urethane-acrylate hybrid polymer. Finely divided substantially water-insoluble filler particles may optionally be present in the coating composition. After drying and crosslinking, the peel strength between the coating and the microporous material substrate is high. The coating may be inkjet printed. The printed coating may be coated by or laminated to a substantially transparent protective layer.
摘要翻译：微孔材料基材涂覆有包含挥发性水性液体介质和溶解或分散在挥发性水性液体介质中的粘合剂的涂料组合物，其中粘合剂包括成膜有机聚合物，其包含：（a）水溶性聚（环氧乙烷）重均分子量在100,000至3,000,000范围内，和（b）水溶性或水分散性交联的氨基甲酸酯 - 丙烯酸酯杂化聚合物。基本上水分非常小的填料颗粒可以任选地存在于涂料组合物中。干燥和交联后，涂层和微孔材料基片之间的剥离强度高。涂层可以喷墨印刷。印刷的涂层可以被涂覆或层压到基本上透明的保护层。

7. 发明授权

US5898564A Capacitor with a composite carbon foam electrode 失效
标题翻译：电容器用复合碳泡沫电极
公开(公告)号：US5898564A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-27
申请号：US760852
申请日：1996-12-02
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
IPC分类号： H01B1/04 , H01G9/04
CPC分类号： H01G11/24 , H01G11/30 , H01G11/34 , H01G11/42 , H01G11/46 , Y02E60/13
摘要： Carbon aerogels used as a binder for granularized materials, including other forms of carbon and metal additives, are cast onto carbon or metal fiber substrates to form composite carbon thin film sheets. The thin film sheets are utilized in electrochemical energy storage applications, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (aerocapacitors), lithium based battery insertion electrodes, fuel cell electrodes, and electrocapacitive deionization electrodes. The composite carbon foam may be formed by prior known processes, but with the solid partides being added during the liquid phase of the process, i.e. prior to gelation. The other forms of carbon may include carbon microspheres, carbon powder, carbon aerogel powder or particles, graphite carbons. Metal and/or carbon fibers may be added for increased conductivity. The choice of materials and fibers will depend on the electrolyte used and the relative trade off of system resistivity and power to system energy.
摘要翻译：用作颗粒状材料（包括其他形式的碳和金属添加剂）的粘合剂的碳气凝胶被浇铸到碳或金属纤维基材上以形成复合碳薄膜片。薄膜片用于电化学储能应用，例如电化学双层电容器（aerocapacitors），锂基电池插入电极，燃料电池电极和电容去离子电极。复合碳泡沫可以通过先前已知的方法形成，但是在该方法的液相期间，即在凝胶化之前加入固体成分。碳的其他形式可以包括碳微球，碳粉，碳气凝胶粉或石墨碳。可以加入金属和/或碳纤维以增加导电性。材料和纤维的选择将取决于所使用的电解质和系统电阻率和功率对系统能量的相对折衷。

8. 发明授权

US5556892A Organic aerogels from the sol-gel polymerization of phenolic-furfural mixtures 失效
标题翻译：酚醛糠醛混合物的溶胶 - 凝胶聚合的有机气凝胶
公开(公告)号：US5556892A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-17
申请号：US429276
申请日：1995-04-25
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , C08G8/06 , C08J9/28
CPC分类号： C08J9/286 , B01J13/0091 , C08G8/06 , C08J2361/06
摘要： The sol-gel polymerization of a phenolic-furfural mixture in dilute solution leads to a highly cross-linked network that can be supercritically dried to form a high surface area foam. These porous materials have cell/pore sizes .ltoreq.1000.ANG., and although they are dark brown in color, they can be classified as a new type of aerogel. The phenolic-furfural aerogel can be pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere at 1050.degree. C. to produce carbon aerogels. This new aerogel may be used for thermal insulation, chromatographic packing, water filtration, ion-exchange, and carbon electrodes for energy storage devices, such as batteries and double-layer capacitors.
摘要翻译：酚醛糠醛混合物在稀溶液中的溶胶 - 凝胶聚合导致高度交联的网络，其可被超临界干燥以形成高表面积泡沫。这些多孔材料具有

9. 发明授权

US5476878A Organic aerogels from the sol-gel polymerization of phenolic-furfural mixtures 失效
标题翻译：酚醛糠醛混合物的溶胶 - 凝胶聚合的有机气凝胶
公开(公告)号：US5476878A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-19
申请号：US307219
申请日：1994-09-16
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , C08G8/06 , C08J9/28
CPC分类号： C08J9/286 , B01J13/0091 , C08G8/06 , C08J2361/06
摘要： The sol-gel polymerization of a phenolic-furfural mixture in dilute solution leads to a highly cross-linked network that can be supercritically dried to form a high surface area foam. These porous materials have cell/pore sizes.ltoreq.1000.ANG., and although they are dark brown in color, they can be classified as a new type of aerogel. The phenolic-furfural aerogel can be pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere at 1050.degree. C. to produce carbon aerogels. This new aerogel may be used for thermal insulation, chromatographic packing, water filtration, ion-exchange, and carbon electrodes for energy storage devices, such as batteries and double-layer capacitors.
摘要翻译：酚醛糠醛混合物在稀溶液中的溶胶 - 凝胶聚合导致高度交联的网络，其可被超临界干燥以形成高表面积泡沫。这些多孔材料具有

10. 发明授权

US5402306A Aquagel electrode separator for use in batteries and supercapacitors 失效
标题翻译：用于电池和超级电容器的Aquagel电极分离器
公开(公告)号：US5402306A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US57739
申请日：1993-05-04
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , B01J20/02 , C01B31/02
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： An electrode separator for electrochemical energy storage devices, such as a high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes. The separator is derived from an aquagel of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers and containing ionically conducting electrolyte in the pores thereof.
摘要翻译：一种用于电化学储能装置的电极分离器，例如包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。分离器衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛的水凝胶和相关聚合物，并在其孔中含有离子导电电解质。

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