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1. 发明授权

US08451434B2 Method and apparatus for measuring zeta potential of suspended particles 有权
标题翻译：用于测量悬浮颗粒的ζ电位的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08451434B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-28
申请号：US12539340
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Paul J Freud , Michael N Trainer
发明人： Paul J Freud , Michael N Trainer
IPC分类号： G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N15/0205 , G01N15/0266 , G01N21/1717 , G01N2021/1721 , G01N2021/4709 , G01S15/8968
摘要： A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the coupler to a photodetector; an electrical output of the photodetector is connected to a filtering and amplification module, wherein an analog output of the amplification module is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the analog-to-digital converter creates a digital data stream which is stored in a first memory; and a computer or microprocessor which calculates the frequency power spectrum from the stored digital data stream and stores the frequency power spectrum in a second memory, wherein the first and second memories can be either the same or different.
摘要翻译： ζ电位测量系统，包括：具有用于保持悬浮颗粒的细胞壁和底部的细胞; 光学测量探针，其具有探针尖端，其包括透明导电薄膜涂层，其防止离子电流在探针尖端上积累电荷，并且其中所述光学测量探针插入通过所述细胞壁，使得所述探针尖端与例子; 通过与光学测量探针相对的细胞壁插入的对电极; 激光源，其被配置成经由光学定向耦合器和光波导将光传送到所述光学测量探针; 其中所述光学测量探针将光聚焦到所述探针尖端的前表面上，使得从所述光学测量探针的前表面反射的光和由样品中的颗粒反向散射的光被所述探针尖收集，然后聚焦到光波导并通过耦合器传送到光电检测器; 光电检测器的电输出连接到滤波和放大模块，其中放大模块的模拟输出连接到模拟 - 数字转换器，其中模数转换器创建存储的数字数据流在第一个记忆中以及计算机或微处理器，其从存储的数字数据流中计算频率功率谱，并将频率功率谱存储在第二存储器中，其中第一和第二存储器可以相同或不同。

2. 发明申请

US20110037980A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ZETA POTENTIAL OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES 有权
标题翻译：用于测量悬浮颗粒的ZETA潜力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20110037980A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-17
申请号：US12539340
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G06F19/00 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N15/0205 , G01N15/0266 , G01N21/1717 , G01N2021/1721 , G01N2021/4709 , G01S15/8968
摘要： A zeta potential measurement system comprising: a cell having a cell wall and bottom for holding suspended particles; an optical measurement probe having a probe tip comprising a transparent and conducting thin film coating which prevents ionic current from accumulating charge on the probe tip, and wherein the optical measurement probe is inserted through the cell wall such that the probe tip is in fluid communication with the sample; a counter electrode inserted through the cell wall opposite to the optical measurement probe; a laser source which is disposed so as to deliver light to the optical measurement probe via an optical directional coupler and optical waveguide; wherein the optical measurement probe focuses the light onto a front surface of the probe tip, such that the light reflected from the front surface of the optical measurement probe and light backscattered from particles in the sample are collected by the probe tip, and thereafter focused to a optical waveguide and delivered through the coupler to a photodetector; an electrical output of the photodetector is connected to a filtering and amplification module, wherein an analog output of the amplification module is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the analog-to-digital converter creates a digital data stream which is stored in a first memory; and a computer or microprocessor which calculates the frequency power spectrum from the stored digital data stream and stores the frequency power spectrum in a second memory, wherein the first and second memories can be either the same or different.
摘要翻译： ζ电位测量系统，包括：具有用于保持悬浮颗粒的细胞壁和底部的细胞; 光学测量探针，其具有探针尖端，其包括透明导电薄膜涂层，其防止离子电流在探针尖端上积累电荷，并且其中所述光学测量探针插入通过所述细胞壁，使得所述探针尖端与例子; 通过与光学测量探针相对的细胞壁插入的对电极; 激光源，其被配置成经由光学定向耦合器和光波导将光传送到所述光学测量探针; 其中所述光学测量探针将光聚焦到所述探针尖端的前表面上，使得从所述光学测量探针的前表面反射的光和由样品中的颗粒反向散射的光被所述探针尖收集，然后聚焦到光波导并通过耦合器传送到光电检测器; 光电检测器的电输出连接到滤波和放大模块，其中放大模块的模拟输出连接到模拟 - 数字转换器，其中模数转换器创建存储的数字数据流在第一个记忆中以及计算机或微处理器，其从存储的数字数据流中计算频率功率谱，并将频率功率谱存储在第二存储器中，其中第一和第二存储器可以相同或不同。

3. 发明授权

US06396979B1 Optical waveguide probe having variable gap focusing 失效
标题翻译：具有可变间隙聚焦的光波导探针
公开(公告)号：US06396979B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09349813
申请日：1999-07-09
申请人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Paul J. Freud , Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G02B632
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G02B6/262 , G02B6/2804
摘要： An adjustable focusing assembly for use with an optical probe includes a focusing element having a first and a second end mounted within a holder member. The holder member is secured to the optical probe with the focusing element optically coupled to the light images projecting from the light probe. A window having an inner and an outer surface is mounted on a body member with the window inner surface in a facing and spaced relationship to the focusing element second end. The body member further includes a cowled portion extending from the periphery of the body member on a side opposite the window, arranged to engage surfaces on the periphery of the holder member, thereby defining a cavity between the focusing element second end and the window inner surface. The body member is adjusted, increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface. Upon establishment of the focus, the cowled portion is fixed to the holder member, fixing the focusing assembly to the optical probe. A second embodiment is also disclosed that alternatively locates the focusing element against the window inner surface forming the adjustable cavity between the focusing element and the optical probe. The body member is adjusted increasing or alternatively decreasing the cavity until the light images from the focusing element second end are focused on the window outer surface.
摘要翻译：用于光学探针的可调节聚焦组件包括聚焦元件，其具有安装在保持器构件内的第一和第二端。保持器构件被固定到光学探针，其中聚焦元件与从光探针突出的光图像光学耦合。具有内表面和外表面的窗口安装在主体构件上，其中窗内表面与聚焦元件第二端面对并且间隔开。本体构件还包括从本体构件的周边延伸在与窗口相对的一侧的整流罩部分，布置成接合保持器构件的周边上的表面，从而在聚焦元件第二端和窗口内表面之间限定空腔。主体构件被调节，增加或可选地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗外表面上。当聚焦成立时，整流罩部分被固定到保持器构件上，将聚焦组件固定到光学探针上。还公开了第二实施例，其可替代地将聚焦元件定位在窗口内表面上，从而在聚焦元件和光学探针之间形成可调整空腔。调节身体构件的增加或替换地减小空腔，直到来自聚焦元件第二端的光图像聚焦在窗户外表面上。

4. 发明授权

US6164817A Fiber optic hygrometer apparatus and method 失效
标题翻译：光纤湿度计装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US6164817A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US145072
申请日：1998-09-01
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N25/68 , G01N25/02
CPC分类号： G01N25/68
摘要： A fiber optic hygrometer apparatus and method for sensing and measuring the dew point of an atmosphere is disclosed that includes a controller for controlling the operation of the apparatus and a first optical fiber for transmitting light energy from a source of light energy to an optical core extending into the atmosphere being monitored. The optical core includes an end that is prepared as a reflecting surface, allowing the light energy reaching the optical core to be internally reflected back toward the source. A second optical fiber captures the light energy internally reflected from the optical core and conveys the captured light energy to a light energy detector. The light energy detector is arranged to output signals to the controller representing the magnitude of the light energy captured. A cooling device and a temperature-sensing device operationally connected to the controller are attached to the optical core. The cooling device is disposed to cool the optical core to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the atmosphere and cause water vapor that may be contained in the atmosphere to condense on the optical core, forming an evanescent region in the area of the condensate and thereby decreasing the magnitude of light energy captured by the second optical fiber. The light energy detector outputs signals to the controller representative of the decreased magnitude of light energy captured, causing the controller to read the temperature of the optical core sensed by the temperature device.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于感测和测量大气露点的光纤湿度计装置和方法，其包括用于控制装置的操作的控制器和用于将光能量从光能传递到光学芯的第一光纤延伸进入被监测的气氛。光学芯包括准备为反射表面的端部，允许到达光学核心的光能被内部反射回到源极。第二光纤捕获从光学核心内部反射的光能并将捕获的光能传送到光能检测器。光能检测器被布置成将表示所捕获的光能的大小的信号输出到控制器。与该控制器可操作地连接的冷却装置和温度检测装置安装在光纤芯上。冷却装置设置成将光芯冷却到低于大气环境温度的温度，并使大气中可能含有的水蒸气冷凝在光学芯上，在冷凝物区域形成ev逝区域减少由第二光纤捕获的光能的大小。光能检测器向控制器输出表示所捕获的光能量的减小的信号，使得控制器读取由温度装置感测的光学芯的温度。

5. 发明授权

US5416580A Methods and apparatus for determining small particle size distribution utilizing multiple light beams 失效
标题翻译：使用多个光束确定小粒度分布的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5416580A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-16
申请号：US88445
申请日：1993-07-07
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/0211
摘要： A method (and corresponding apparatus) for determining the size distribution of small particles within a dispersing medium utilizing a particle analyzer that measures the angle of scattered light, including the step of sequentially irradiating the particles within the dispersing medium with each of a plurality of light sources positioned at different angles. The scattered light developed by sequentially irradiating the particles is focused, utilizing at least one collector lens, onto a detector array associated with each such lens and the angular distribution of scattered light associated with each of the plurality of light sources is sequentially measured utilizing each detector array associated with a given lens. Finally, the measured angular distributions of scattered light associated with the plurality of light sources, is translated into a size distribution for the particle ensemble contained in the dispersing medium, using well known inversion techniques, such as deconvolution. The invention also contemplates methods for extending the angular scatter measurement range of a particle size analyzers that use a single light source to irradiate particles, and products that are the result of the extension process.
摘要翻译：一种用于利用测量散射光角度的粒子分析仪来确定分散介质内的小颗粒的尺寸分布的方法（以及相应的装置），包括用多个光中的每一个依次照射分散介质中的颗粒的步骤来源位于不同的角度。利用至少一个收集透镜将与颗粒相关的散射光聚焦在与每个这样的透镜相关联的检测器阵列上，并且利用每个检测器依次测量与多个光源中的每一个相关联的散射光的角分布阵列与给定的镜头相关联。最后，使用众所周知的反转技术，例如去卷积，将与多个光源相关联的散射光的测量的角度分布转换成包含在分散介质中的粒子集合的尺寸分布。本发明还考虑了用于扩展使用单个光源照射颗粒的粒度分析仪的角度散射测量范围和作为延伸过程的结果的产品的方法。

6. 发明授权

US06177983B1 Method and system for the measurement of specific characteristics of small particles 有权
标题翻译：测量小粒子特性的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06177983B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09156792
申请日：1998-09-17
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01P336
CPC分类号： G01N15/0211
摘要： A method for producing measurements of specific key characteristic parameters of small particles suspended within a scattering medium includes the step of directing a beam of light into the scattering medium, then detecting the Doppler-shifted components of light scattered by the movement of the suspended particles and unscattered light from the source and generating a first signal representative of the power spectral density of the Doppler-shifted components and unscattered light. The first signal is next applied to a plurality of bandpass filters to generate a plurality of second signals, the magnitude of which are representative of the power spectral density integrated over the bandpass. The first signal is also applied to a low pass filter that generates a third signal, used in deriving the concentration of the particles in the scattering medium. Each second signal is then normalized by dividing each second signal by the third signal, thereby developing a plurality of individual ratiometric signals whose magnitude is representative of a measurement of a specific key characteristic parameter of the particles in the scattering medium.
摘要翻译：用于产生悬浮在散射介质内的小颗粒的特定关键特征参数的测量的方法包括将光束引导到散射介质中的步骤，然后检测通过悬浮颗粒的运动而散射的光的多普勒偏移分量，来自源的未散射光并且产生表示多普勒偏移分量和未散射光的功率谱密度的第一信号。接下来，第一信号被施加到多个带通滤波器以产生多个第二信号，其大小代表在带通上积分的功率谱密度。第一信号也被应用于产生第三信号的低通滤波器，用于导出散射介质中的颗粒的浓度。然后通过将每个第二信号除以第三信号来对每个第二信号进行归一化，从而开发多个单独的比例信号，其大小代表散射介质中颗粒的特定关键特征参数的测量值。

7. 发明授权

US6104491A System for determining small particle size distribution in high particle concentrations 失效
标题翻译：用于确定高颗粒浓度的小粒度分布的系统
公开(公告)号：US6104491A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US211374
申请日：1998-12-14
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/02
摘要： A system is disclosed for determining the distribution of the size of small particles contained in a sampled portion of a process stream containing particles at high concentrations. The system includes a light delivery arrangement that anamorphically modifies light energy received from a light source and projects the anamorphically modified light energy to an optical element contained in a sample cell. The optical element includes a passage that is arranged to receive therein particles of a predetermined size from the sampled portion of the process stream flowing in the sample cell. The anamorphically modified light energy is transmitted through the optical element and is focused within the passage to irradiate the particle ensemble therein. A light collection arrangement collects the light energy escaping from the optical element and focuses the light energy collected onto a detector array. The detector array develops output signals used to determine a measurement of the distribution of the size of the particles contained in the process stream.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定包含在含有高浓度颗粒的工艺流的采样部分中的小颗粒尺寸分布的系统。该系统包括光传输装置，其对从光源接收的光能变质地修改，并将变形修饰的光能投射到包含在样品池中的光学元件。光学元件包括通道，其布置成从在样品池中流动的工艺流的采样部分接收预定尺寸的颗粒。变形修饰的光能透过光学元件并聚焦在通道内以照射其中的粒子集合。光收集装置收集从光学元件逸出的光能并将收集的光能聚焦到检测器阵列上。检测器阵列产生用于确定包含在过程流中的颗粒尺寸分布的测量的输出信号。

8. 发明授权

US6094266A Detector for determining particle size distribution in an oscillating flow field 有权
标题翻译：用于确定振荡流场中的粒度分布的检测器
公开(公告)号：US6094266A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US236146
申请日：1999-01-22
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N15/02 , G01N29/032 , G01N29/34
CPC分类号： G01N15/02 , G01N29/032 , G01N29/341 , G01N29/348 , G01N2015/0216 , G01N2291/02408 , G01N2291/02416
摘要： A detector used in a measurement system that determines the size distribution of particles contained in a dispersant medium is disclosed that includes means for exciting the dispersant medium at an ultrasonic frequency to cause particles contained in the dispersant medium to oscillate at the applied ultrasonic frequency. The detector of the present invention further includes a light source for producing light energy in a specific frequency range, a first light guide for conveying the light energy from the light source to the dispersant medium, a second light guide for capturing and conveying the light energy scattered by the particles in oscillation and a third light guide for conveying light energy from said light source to the second light guide to produce heterodyned light energy. A light energy detection device optically connected to the second light guide receives the heterodyned light energy and produces signals representative of the heterodyned light energy detected.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定分散介质中所含颗粒的尺寸分布的测量系统中使用的检测器，其包括以超声波频率激发分散介质的装置，以使包含在分散介质中的颗粒以施加的超声频率振荡。本发明的检测器还包括用于在特定频率范围内产生光能的光源，用于将来自光源的光能传递到分散介质的第一光导，用于捕获和传送光能的第二光导由振荡器中的颗粒散射，以及第三光导，用于将光能从所述光源传送到第二光导，以产生外差光能。与第二光导光学连接的光能检测装置接收外差光能并产生表示所检测到的被外置光能的信号。

9. 发明授权

US6084665A Optical sensor for detecting the dew point of an atmosphere 失效
标题翻译：用于检测大气露点的光学传感器
公开(公告)号：US6084665A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US145068
申请日：1998-09-01
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N21/55 , G01N21/01 , G02B6/42
CPC分类号： G01N21/552
摘要： An optical sensor for detecting the dew point of an atmosphere is disclosed for use with an optical measurement system. The optical measurement system includes a source of light energy, a light detector, and a light energy conduction arrangement for directing light energy from the source of light energy to the optical sensor. The light energy conduction arrangement also returns light energy from the optical sensor to the light detector. The optical sensor of the present invention includes a substrate located within the atmosphere and a first waveguide located on a surface of the substrate. The first waveguide includes a first end optically connected to the light energy conduction arrangement arranged to receive thereat light energy from the source of light energy and to direct thereat light energy to the light detector. A second waveguide is located on the substrate first surface parallel to and in a spaced relationship to the first waveguide. The second waveguide includes an end that is prepared as a reflecting surface. A means for cooling is attached to the substrate and is arranged to cool the optical sensor to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the atmosphere, to cause water vapor that may be contained in the atmosphere to condense and form deposits of water between the first and second waveguides. The water deposits form an evanescent region in the area of the condensate, coupling the light energy from the first waveguide to the second waveguide. The light energy entering the second waveguide is reflected off of the second waveguide's reflecting surface and is directed back to the evanescent region, where the light energy is coupled back to the first waveguide and the light energy conduction arrangement for transmission to the light detector.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测大气露点的光学传感器，用于光学测量系统。光学测量系统包括光源，光检测器和用于将光能量从光能引导到光学传感器的光能传导装置。光能传导装置还将光能量从光学传感器返回到光检测器。本发明的光学传感器包括位于大气中的衬底和位于衬底表面上的第一波导管。第一波导包括光学连接到光能传导装置的第一端，该光能传导装置布置成从光能源接收光能并将光能引导到光检测器。第二波导位于与第一波导平行且间隔开的基板第一表面上。第二波导包括准备为反射表面的端部。用于冷却的装置被附接到基底并被布置成将光学传感器冷却到低于大气环境温度的温度，以使大气中可能含有的水蒸汽冷凝并在第一和第第二波导。水沉积物形成冷凝物区域中的ev逝区域，将来自第一波导管的光能耦合到第二波导管。进入第二波导的光能从第二波导的反射表面反射并且被引导回到消逝区域，其中光能被耦合回第一波导和光能传导装置以传输到光检测器。

10. 发明授权

US06281973B1 Optical detection system and method for determining particle size distribution in an oscillating flow field 有权
公开(公告)号：US06281973B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09406944
申请日：1999-09-28
申请人： Michael N. Trainer
发明人： Michael N. Trainer
IPC分类号： G01N2100
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G01N2015/0216
摘要： An optical detection system and method is disclosed comprising a first light guide for conveying light energy from a light source to a first light guide face end that is immersed in a dispersant medium. A first portion of the light energy exits the face end to irradiate particles contained in the dispersant medium and a second portion of the light energy is reflected by the face end back into the first light guide. A frequency transducer mounted to the first light guide receives at least one specific frequency from a range of frequencies generated by a frequency oscillator and oscillates the first light guide face end at the applied specific frequency. The transducer oscillations are further coupled into the dispersant medium, causing the dispersant medium and the particles contained therein to oscillate at the oscillation frequency of the first light guide face end. The light energy scattered by the oscillating particles is captured by the first light guide face end and is mixed within the first light guide with the reflected light energy, producing an optical Doppler beat signal for the applied specific frequency. A second light guide, optically connected to the first light guide, conveys the optical Doppler beat signal to a light detection device that produces an output signal representative of the optical Doppler beat signal. A mixer circuit receives the specific frequency signal from the frequency oscillator and the output signal from the detection device and produces a plurality of derived harmonics for the input specific frequency signal. The mixer circuit further generates frequency components for the input Doppler beat signal producing a total power value signal for each derived harmonic of the frequency. The total power value signals are applied to a signal processing system that calculates a particle motion amplitude signal for each applied specific frequency. The particle motion amplitude signal is used to determine the percentage of the total particles which are following the oscillations of the dispersant fluid at the applied specific frequency.

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