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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Method of forming high resilience slabstock polyurethane foam displaying latex-like characteristics
    • 形成高弹性板料聚氨酯泡沫塑料显示胶乳特性的方法
    • US06784218B1
    • 2004-08-31
    • US10392149
    • 2003-03-19
    • Wassana ApichatachutapanTodd J. GreenJames A. MullinsTheodore M. Smiecinski
    • Wassana ApichatachutapanTodd J. GreenJames A. MullinsTheodore M. Smiecinski
    • C08J912
    • C08J9/30B29C44/04B29C44/3469C08G18/6688C08G2101/0008C08G2101/0058C08G2101/0083C08J2375/04
    • The subject invention provides a method of forming high resilience slabstock polyurethane foam having random cell structures and displaying latex-like feel and characteristics with superior physical performance to latex foam, including complying with California Technical Bulletin 117 and British Standard 5852:Crib 5 flame tests. The method includes the first step of providing an isocyanate-reactive component and an isocyanate component substantially free of toluene diisocyanate comprising diphenylmethane-2,4′-diisocyanate present in an amount of from 15 parts by weight to 55 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate component and diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate present in an amount from 45 parts by weight to 85 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate component to react with the isocyanate-reactive component. A first nucleation gas is provided under low pressure and is added into at least one of the isocyanate-reactive component and the isocyanate component to produce a first cell structure in the polyurethane foam. A second nucleation gas different than the first nucleation gas is provided under low pressure and is added into at least one of the isocyanate-reactive component and the isocyanate component to produce a second cell structure in the polyurethane foam different than the first cell structure.
    • 本发明提供一种形成具有随机电池结构并具有优异的胶乳泡沫性能的胶乳样感觉和特性的高弹性板料聚氨酯泡沫的方法,包括符合加利福尼亚技术公报117和英国标准5852:Crib 5火焰试验。 该方法包括提供异氰酸酯反应性组分和基本上不含甲苯二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分的第一步骤,所述甲苯二异氰酸酯包含基于100份的15重量份至55重量份的二苯基甲烷-2,4'-二异氰酸酯 的异氰酸酯组分和二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯,其量为45重量份至85重量份,基于100重量份与异氰酸酯反应性组分反应的异氰酸酯组分。 在低压下提供第一成核气体,并加入到异氰酸酯反应性组分和异氰酸酯组分中的至少一种中,以在聚氨酯泡沫中产生第一泡孔结构。 在低压下提供与第一成核气体不同的第二成核气体,并且加入到异氰酸酯反应性组分和异氰酸酯组分中的至少一种中,以在不同于第一单元结构的聚氨酯泡沫中产生第二单元结构。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Insulating rigid polyurethane foams
    • 绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫
    • US5523334A
    • 1996-06-04
    • US551658
    • 1995-11-01
    • Walter R. White, IIIJames A. Mullins
    • Walter R. White, IIIJames A. Mullins
    • C08G18/42C08G18/48C08G18/50C08J9/14C08G18/18
    • C08J9/149C08G18/4208C08G18/482C08G18/5021C08G18/5033C08J9/141C08J9/144C08G2101/0025C08G2101/005C08G2105/02C08J2375/04
    • There is now provided a polyisocyanate based rigid closed cell foam made by reacting an organic isocyanate with a polyol composition in the presence of a blowing agent, where the polyol composition contains at least:a) an aromatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;b) an aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;and the blowing agent is at least cyclopentane in an amount of 7 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polyol composition; and further, the cyclopentane blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, and the amount of the aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol is 10 weight percent or less based on the weight of the polyol composition.The polyol composition is adapted to solubilize cyclopentane in the polyol composition without sacrificing, and advantageously improving, the thermal insulation and dimensional stability of the resulting polyurethane foam. It was surprising to discover that less than 10 weight percent of the aliphatic amine initiated polyol was need to accomplish these objectives, and it was further surprising to discover that the aromatic an fine initiated polyether polyol improved the thermal insulation of the foam.
    • 现在提供一种通过有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物在发泡剂存在下反应制备的多异氰酸酯基刚性闭孔泡沫,其中多元醇组合物至少包含:a)具有羟基数的芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇 200meq多元醇/ g KOH或更多; b)具有羟值为200meq多元醇/ g KOH或更高的脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇; 发泡剂至少为多元醇组合物重量的7重量%以上的环戊烷; 此外,环戊烷发泡剂可溶于多元醇组合物,并且脂肪族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇的量相对于多元醇组合物的重量为10重量%以下。 多元醇组合物适于在多元醇组合物中溶解环戊烷,而不会牺牲所得聚氨酯泡沫体的绝热性和尺寸稳定性,有利地改善。 令人惊奇地发现,少于10重量%的脂族胺引发的多元醇需要实现这些目的,并且进一步令人惊奇的是发现芳族的细引发的聚醚多元醇改善了泡沫的隔热性。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Semiconductor run-to-run control system with state and model parameter estimation
    • 具有状态和模型参数估计的半导体运行控制系统
    • US06748280B1
    • 2004-06-08
    • US10171758
    • 2002-06-14
    • Jianping ZouJames A. MullinsKeith A. Edwards
    • Jianping ZouJames A. MullinsKeith A. Edwards
    • G05B1302
    • H01L22/20G05B13/042G05B13/048G05B15/02G05B17/02
    • A method for a run-to-run (R2R) control system includes processing materials using a process input and producing a process output, storing the process input in a database, the storing including using a timestamp, and storing at least one measurement of the process output in the database aligned with each process input using the timestamp. The method further includes iterating over the data in the database to estimate one or more coefficients for a model, and, if one or more measurements is missing, replacing the missing measurements based on a prediction from said model. The model is updated with said coefficient estimates. The method additionally includes iterating over the data from the database to estimate a process state, and, if one or more of the measurements is missing from the database, replacing the missing measurements based on prediction from the model. The model is updated with said process state estimate. A controller may receive the updated model and utilize the model to produce the next process input. The updated model may also be utilized to generate an estimate for a measurable process variable, wherein the estimate can be compared to an actual measurement to determine if the estimate is within confidence limits. If the estimate is not within confidence limits, a fault is indicated.
    • 运行运行(R2R)控制系统的方法包括使用过程输入处理材料并产生过程输出,将过程输入存储在数据库中,存储包括使用时间戳,以及存储至少一个测量值 数据库中的进程输出与使用时间戳记的每个进程输入进行对齐。 该方法还包括迭代数据库中的数据以估计模型的一个或多个系数,并且如果缺少一个或多个测量,则基于来自所述模型的预测来替换丢失的测量。 该模型用所述系数估计更新。 该方法另外包括迭代来自数据库的数据以估计过程状态,并且如果数据库中缺少一个或多个测量值,则根据来自模型的预测来替换丢失的测量值。 该模型使用所述过程状态估计进行更新。 控制器可以接收更新的模型并利用该模型产生下一个过程输入。 还可以使用更新的模型来生成可测量过程变量的估计,其中可以将估计与实际测量进行比较,以确定估计是否在置信限度内。 如果估计值不在置信限度内,则会显示故障。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Insulating rigid polyurethane foam compositions
    • 绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫组合物
    • US5547998A
    • 1996-08-20
    • US551507
    • 1995-11-01
    • Walter R. White, IIIJames A. Mullins
    • Walter R. White, IIIJames A. Mullins
    • C08G18/42C08G18/48C08G18/50C08J9/14C08G18/18
    • C08J9/149C08G18/4208C08G18/482C08G18/5033C08J9/141C08J9/144C08G2101/0025C08G2101/005C08G2105/02C08G2170/60C08J2375/04
    • There is now provided storage stable polyol compositions and polyisocyanate based rigid dosed cell foam made by reacting an organic isocyanate with polyol compositions in the presence of a blowing agent, where the polyol composition contains at least:a) an aromatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;b) an aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;and the blowing agent is at least cyclopentane in an amount of 7 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polyol composition; and further, the cyclopentane blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, and the amount of the aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol is 10 weight percent or less based on the weight of the polyol composition.The polyol composition is adapted to solubilize cyclopentane in the polyol composition without sacrificing, and advantageously improving, the thermal insulation and dimensional stability of the resulting polyurethane foam. It was surprising to discover that less than 10 weight percent of the aliphatic amine initiated polyol was need to accomplish these objectives, and it was further surprising to discover that the aromatic amine initiated polyether polyol improved the thermal insulation of the foam.
    • 现在提供储存稳定的多元醇组合物和通过有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物在发泡剂存在下反应制备的多异氰酸酯基刚性定量泡沫泡沫,其中多元醇组合物至少包含:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,其具有 羟值为200meq多元醇/ g KOH以上; b)具有羟值为200meq多元醇/ g KOH或更高的脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇; 发泡剂至少为多元醇组合物重量的7重量%以上的环戊烷; 此外,环戊烷发泡剂可溶于多元醇组合物,并且脂肪族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇的量相对于多元醇组合物的重量为10重量%以下。 多元醇组合物适于在多元醇组合物中溶解环戊烷,而不会牺牲所得聚氨酯泡沫体的绝热性和尺寸稳定性,有利地改善。 令人惊奇地发现,少于10重量%的脂族胺引发的多元醇需要实现这些目的,并且令人惊奇的是发现芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇改善了泡沫的隔热性。