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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Vanadium recovery from scrap alloys
    • 废钢回收钒
    • US4298582A
    • 1981-11-03
    • US140569
    • 1980-04-15
    • Jameel MenashiAlkis S. RappasDonald A. Douglas
    • Jameel MenashiAlkis S. RappasDonald A. Douglas
    • C01G31/00C22B34/22C22B34/30
    • C01G31/00C22B34/22C22B34/30Y02P10/234
    • Disclosed is a process for recovering chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten from secondary resources such as alloy scrap comprising a refractory metal and base metals such as cobalt, nickel, iron, and copper. The scrap is calcined with sodium carbonate in air to convert the refractory metal values to MoO.sub.4.sup.=, VO.sub.4.sup..ident., WO.sub.4.sup.=, and CrO.sub.4.sup.= and the base metals to water insoluble oxides. A leach of the calcined materials produces a pregnant liquor rich in refractory metals which, after separation of the vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten values, is treated with CO, CHOO.sup.-, CH.sub.3 OH, or HCHO to reduce Cr.sup.+6 to Cr.sup.+3. The carbonate and bicarbonate salts produced as a byproduct of the reduction are recycled to the calcination stage.As a result of the V, W, and Mo partition, a mixed solid comprising CaO.nV.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaMoO.sub.4, and CaWO.sub.4 is produced. This is treated with carbonated water or formic acid to selectively dissolve vanadium values which are subsequently recovered by precipitation or extraction. The remaining mixed CaWO.sub.4 and CaMoO.sub.4 solid is treated with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and sulfuric acid to reject a Mo and W-free CaSO.sub.4 precipitate, and to produce a concentrated solution of tungsten and molybdenum. The W values are selectively precipitated from this solution by decomposing the peroxy complexes. The process has the advantages that a wide variety of different feed materials can be treated, no energy intensive pyrometallurgy is involved, reagent consumption is minimized, and no aqueous effluents are produced.
    • 公开了从二次资源中回收铬,钒,钼和钨的方法,例如包含难熔金属和诸如钴,镍,铁和铜的贱金属的合金废料。 将废料用碳酸钠在空气中煅烧以将难熔金属值转化为MoO4 =,VO4 =,WO4 =和CrO4 =,并将贱金属转化为水不溶性氧化物。 煅烧材料的浸出产生富含难熔金属的怀孕液体,在分离钒,钼和钨的值后,用CO,CHOO-,CH 3 OH或HCHO处理以将Cr + 6还原为Cr + 3。 作为还原的副产物产生的碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐被再循环到煅烧阶段。 作为V,W和Mo分隔的结果,制备了包含CaO·nV 2 O 5,CaMoO 4和CaWO 4的混合固体。 用碳酸水或甲酸处理,以选择性地溶解钒值,随后通过沉淀或萃取回收。 剩余的混合CaWO4和CaMoO4固体用H 2 O 2和硫酸处理以排除Mo和无W的CaSO 4沉淀物,并产生钨和钼的浓溶液。 W值通过分解过氧配合物从该溶液中选择性沉淀。 该方法的优点是可以处理各种不同的饲料,不涉及能量密集的火法冶金,减少试剂消耗,不产生含水废水。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Fuel cells and other products containing modified carbon products
    • 燃料电池等含有改性碳产品的产品
    • US07541308B2
    • 2009-06-02
    • US10112689
    • 2002-03-29
    • Jameel Menashi
    • Jameel Menashi
    • C09C1/48
    • H01M8/1004H01M4/96
    • Fuel cells are described and contain a gas diffusion electrode, a gas diffusion counter-electrode, an electrolyte membrane located between the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrode or counter-electrode or both contain at least one modified carbon product. The electrolyte membrane can also or alternatively contain modified carbon products as well. The modified carbon product is a carbon product having attached at least one organic group. Preferably the organic group is a proton conducting group and/or an electron conducting group. The present invention preferably permits the elimination of fluoropolymer binder in the active or catalyst layer and further preferably leads to a thinner active layer and/or a thinner electrolyte membrane. Other uses and advantages are also described.
    • 描述了燃料电池,并且包含气体扩散电极,气体扩散对电极,位于电极和对电极之间的电解质膜。 电极或对电极或两者都含有至少一种改性碳产物。 电解质膜也可以也可以含有改性碳产物。 改性碳产物是连接有至少一个有机基团的碳产物。 优选地,有机基团是质子传导基团和/或电子传导基团。 本发明优选地允许消除活性或催化剂层中的氟聚合物粘合剂,并且进一步优选地导致较薄的活性层和/或较薄的电解质膜。 还描述了其他用途和优点。