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81. 发明授权

US4955284A Piston having ceramic parts 失效
标题翻译：活塞有陶瓷零件
公开(公告)号：US4955284A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US315977
申请日：1989-02-27
申请人： Henry B. Faulkner
发明人： Henry B. Faulkner
IPC分类号： F02F3/00 , F02F7/00 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F02F3/0023 , F02F7/0087 , F16J1/02 , F05C2201/021 , F05C2251/042
摘要： A piston has a first endwall, a second endwall and a tubular ceramic sidewall extending between and forming a closed cylinder with the endwalls. The piston does not include a piston ring. The first endwall is substantially flexible and is releasably interconnected with the second endwall by means of connection with an extended portion of an associated piston rod mounted in a hub of the second endwall. As a result, the first endwall is urged into a concave configuration. The ceramic piston sidewall is mounted for reciprocation within a ceramic cylindrical wall. An anti-rotation device is provided to limit rotation of the endwalls relative to the sidewall, and another anti-rotation device is provided to limit rotation of the hub relative to the piston rod.
摘要翻译：活塞具有在端壁之间延伸的第一端壁，第二端壁和管状陶瓷侧壁，并且形成具有端壁的封闭圆筒。活塞不包括活塞环。第一端壁是基本上柔性的并且通过与安装在第二端壁的毂中的相关联的活塞杆的延伸部分的连接可释放地与第二端壁互连。结果，第一端壁被推动成凹形构造。陶瓷活塞侧壁安装用于在陶瓷圆柱壁内往复运动。提供防旋转装置以限制端壁相对于侧壁的旋转，并且提供另一个防旋转装置以限制毂相对于活塞杆的旋转。

82. 发明授权

US4909133A Lightweight piston architecture 失效
标题翻译：轻型活塞结构
公开(公告)号：US4909133A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-20
申请号：US250469
申请日：1988-09-28
申请人： Allan H. Taylor , Philip O. Ransome
发明人： Allan H. Taylor , Philip O. Ransome
IPC分类号： C04B35/83 , F02F3/00 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F02F3/0015 , C04B35/83 , F16J1/02 , F05C2203/0808 , F05C2251/042 , Y10T29/49259
摘要： The invention is an improvement in a lightweight carbon-carbon composite piston, the improvement comprehending the use of near-net shape knitted or warp-interlock pre-forms to improve the structural qualitites of the piston. In its preferred embodiment, a one piece, tubular, closed-ended, knitted pre-form (a sock) of carbon fibers (11) embedded within the matrix of the piston structure forms the crown (12), side wall (15), skirt (16) and inner surface (18) of the piston, and wrap-interlock pre-forms strengthen the piston crown and wrist pin bosses.
摘要翻译：本发明是轻质碳 - 碳复合活塞的改进，其改进包括使用近净型针织或经编互锁预成型件来改善活塞的结构定性。在其优选实施例中，嵌入在活塞结构的基体内的碳纤维（11）的单件式，管状封闭的针织预制件（袜子）形成表冠（12），侧壁（15），活塞的裙部（16）和内表面（18），并且包裹互锁预制件增强了活塞冠和腕针凸台。

83. 发明授权

US4903580A Piston for alternative endothermic engines creating oil cushion lubrication 失效
标题翻译：用于替代吸热发动机的活塞，产生油垫润滑
公开(公告)号：US4903580A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-27
申请号：US218616
申请日：1988-07-13
申请人： Ludovico Bruni
发明人： Ludovico Bruni
IPC分类号： F02F3/02 , F16J1/02 , F16J1/08
CPC分类号： F16J1/02 , F02F3/022 , F02F3/027 , F16J1/08
摘要： An improvement of pistons for alternative, endothermic four-cycle engines, in which notches or grooves are cut on opposite sides of the oval surface of the piston skirt and arranged in a parallel fashion with respect to the piston pin. The grooves create concavities which are closed off frontally by the cylinder wall and laterally by the piston skirt. The purpose of the grooves is to create a series of pockets for the lubricating oil, which is under pressure during engine operation, and to improve lubrication in the areas of maximum piston stress.
摘要翻译：对于替代的吸热四冲程发动机的活塞的改进，其中切口或槽在活塞裙部的椭圆形表面的相对侧上被切割并且相对于活塞销以平行的方式布置。槽形成凹部，其由气缸壁正面封闭，并且由活塞裙部侧向封闭。凹槽的目的是为发动机运行期间的压力产生一系列用于润滑油的凹坑，并改善最大活塞应力区域的润滑。

84. 发明授权

US4899702A Aluminum alloy piston and piston-ring assembly treated to suppress agglutination of the piston alloy to a piston-ring 失效
标题翻译：处理铝合金活塞和活塞环组件以抑制活塞合金对活塞环的凝集
公开(公告)号：US4899702A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-13
申请号：US299439
申请日：1989-01-23
申请人： Norio Sasaki , Kazuhisa Mayumi , Yorishige Maeda
发明人： Norio Sasaki , Kazuhisa Mayumi , Yorishige Maeda
IPC分类号： F02F3/00 , F02F5/00 , F16J1/02 , F16J9/00 , F16J9/22 , F16J9/26 , F16J9/28
CPC分类号： F16J9/22 , F05C2201/021
摘要： A piston and piston-ring assembly includes a piston and piston-rings located in piston-ring grooves formed in the piston. Such a kind of surface hardening treatment as is accompanied by an increase in surface roughness, such as alumite treatment, is applied to at least a lower groove surface of a top piston-ring groove. On the other hand, a resin with an excellent adhesive property is coated on a portion of a surface of the piston-ring opposing the hardened surface of the piston-ring groove. The heat resistive property of the assembly is improved by the surface hardening treatment without being accompanied by an increase in blowby gas amount and oil consumption because resin removed from the piston ring fills the valleys of the rugged hardened surface of the piston-ring groove.
摘要翻译：活塞和活塞环组件包括位于活塞中形成的活塞环槽中的活塞和活塞环。在顶部活塞环槽的至少下沟槽表面上施加这样一种表面硬化处理，这些处理伴随着表面粗糙度的增加，例如耐酸铝处理。另一方面，具有优异粘合性的树脂涂覆在与活塞环槽的硬化表面相对的活塞环表面的一部分上。通过表面硬化处理提高了组件的耐热性，而不伴随着从气缸的活塞环移除的树脂填充活塞环凹槽的坚固的硬化表面的凹陷，因此排气量和油耗增加。

85. 发明授权

US4858516A Brake cylinder-piston slave unit seal having radial roll-back protrusion for piston spring back retract 失效
标题翻译：制动缸 - 活塞从动单元密封件，具有用于活塞弹簧后退缩的径向回卷突起
公开(公告)号：US4858516A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US623836
申请日：1984-06-22
申请人： Hans-Christof Klein
发明人： Hans-Christof Klein
IPC分类号： F16D65/14 , F16D65/18 , F16D65/54 , F16D65/84 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F16D65/18 , F16D65/54 , F16D65/84 , F16J1/02 , F16D2121/02 , F16D2125/04 , F16D2125/06 , F16D2127/02 , F16D2200/0039
摘要： In a piston-cylinder assembly for hydraulic brake systems of automotive vehicles, the piston is at least partially composed of ceramics. A hydraulic seal is interposed between the piston and the cylinder. To simplify the assembly while allowing comparatively great tolerances, the seal is fitted at the end of the piston that is adapted to be mounted close to a pressure chamber within the system. The seal is provided with radially-extending projections which cause the piston to spring back by a roll-back effect.
摘要翻译：在用于汽车的液压制动系统的活塞 - 气缸组件中，活塞至少部分地由陶瓷组成。液压密封件介于活塞和气缸之间。为了简化装配，同时允许相当大的公差，密封件装配在活塞的端部，适于安装在靠近系统内的压力室。密封件设置有径向延伸的突起，其使得活塞通过回滚效果而弹回。

86. 发明授权

US4800853A Adiabatic internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：绝热内燃机
公开(公告)号：US4800853A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-31
申请号：US142477
申请日：1988-01-11
申请人： Charles E. Kraus , Charles B. Lohr
发明人： Charles E. Kraus , Charles B. Lohr
IPC分类号： F02B1/04 , F02B41/00 , F16J1/02 , F02F1/00
CPC分类号： F02B41/00 , F16J1/02 , F02B1/04
摘要： In an adiabatic internal combustion engine with a piston movably disposed in a cylinder to which air and fuel are admitted for combustion therein and from which the gases generated during combustion are discharged after extraction of energy therefrom, the cylinder includes a piston guide and seal structure having piston seal rings associated therewith and has a wall structure of heat resistant material and the piston has a guided section adapted to move back and forth through the guide and seal structure and a cap of heat resistant material disposed on top of the guided piston section and having a cylindrical side wall slightly spaced from the heat resistant cylinder wall.
摘要翻译：在具有活塞可移动地设置在气缸中的活塞的绝热内燃机中，空气和燃料被允许在其中燃烧，并且在燃烧之后产生的气体在其中从其中提取能量之后排出，气缸包括活塞导向件和密封结构，该活塞导向件和密封结构具有与之相关联的活塞密封环并且具有耐热材料的壁结构，并且所述活塞具有适于通过所述引导和密封结构来回移动的引导部分和设置在所述被引导的活塞部分的顶部上的耐热材料盖，并且具有与耐热圆筒壁略微间隔开的圆柱形侧壁。

87. 发明授权

US4760771A Pistons with oil retaining cavities 失效
标题翻译：活塞具有保油腔
公开(公告)号：US4760771A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-02
申请号：US930265
申请日：1986-12-08
申请人： Alberto Felici , Michael L. P. Rhodes
发明人： Alberto Felici , Michael L. P. Rhodes
IPC分类号： F01M1/06 , F02F3/00 , F16J1/02 , F16J1/04 , F16J1/08 , F01B31/10
CPC分类号： F16J1/08 , F16J1/02 , F02F3/00
摘要： A piston has skirt portions (13) which are provided with parallel rows (14) of cavities (15) whose maximum depth below the surface of the skirt portion is 0.010 mm. Parts (20,23) of the skirt portion are left between the cavities for providing a reduced area, in comparison with the full skirt portion, for the transmission to an associated cylinder or liner of lateral loads; this reduced area reducing the frictional losses. The cavities (15) hold lubricating oil and provide a cushion of oil which supplies oil to the reduced bearing areas and which tends to resist lateral movement of the piston at top and bottom dead center, so reducing or eliminating "piston slap".
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB86 / 00103 Sec。 371日期1986年12月8日第 102（e）日期1986年12月8日PCT提交1986年2月27日PCT公布。公开号WO86 / 05249 日期为1986年9月12日。活塞具有裙部（13），其具有平行的空腔（14）的排（14），其最大深度在裙部的表面下方为0.010mm。裙部的部分（20,23）位于空腔之间，用于与全裙部相比提供减小的面积，用于传输到相关联的气缸或侧向负载的衬套; 这种减小的面积减小了摩擦损失。空腔（15）保持润滑油，并且提供一种油的缓冲垫，其向减少的承载区域供油，并且倾向于抵抗活塞在上下死点处的横向移动，从而减少或消除“活塞敲击”。

88. 发明授权

US4699572A Reciprocatory piston and cylinder machine 失效
公开(公告)号：US4699572A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US820585
申请日：1986-01-21
申请人： Guenter K. W. Balkau , Eckhard Bez , John L. Farrant
发明人： Guenter K. W. Balkau , Eckhard Bez , John L. Farrant
IPC分类号： F04B53/10 , F04B25/02 , F04B37/14 , F04B39/04 , F04B39/08 , F04B39/10 , F04B53/14 , F16J9/26 , F16J9/28 , F04B25/00 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F04B25/02 , F04B37/14 , F04B39/04 , F04B39/08 , F04B39/102 , Y10S417/01
摘要： A reciprocatory piston and cylinder machine particularly suitable for use as a vacuum pump includes a cylinder (17), a cylindrical piston (16) relatively slidably reciprocable within the cylinder (17), and means for substantially sealing the annular space between the piston (16) and cylinder (17) in lieu of oil or other liquid lubricant. The sealing means comprises a sleeve (102) of a low-friction material disposed under circumferential tension, and preferably also under longitudinal tension, on the cylindrical surface of the piston (16). Also disclosed is a reciprocatory differential piston and cylinder machine of particular prior construction having a one-way valve (42) in an exhaust port (30) ahead of a head portion (24) of the piston (16). The arrangement is such that, as the front face (28) of the piston head portion (24) approaches the cylinder end face (52), the front face (28) physically moves the one-way valve (42) so as to open the exhaust port (30).

89. 发明授权

US4688808A Composite sliding structure for piston body 失效
标题翻译：活塞体复合滑动结构
公开(公告)号：US4688808A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-25
申请号：US828594
申请日：1986-02-11
申请人： Yoshio Iijima
发明人： Yoshio Iijima
IPC分类号： F16C27/02 , F01D25/16 , F16C33/04 , F16C33/06 , F16F9/32 , F16F9/36 , F16J9/26 , F16J1/01 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F16C33/043 , F01D25/166 , F16C33/04 , F16F9/368
摘要： A composite sliding structure which can be applied to automotive shock absorbers or sliding portions of hydraulic apparatus or pneumatic apparatus and comprises a deformable member in the form of piston, bush, or spherical seat, and a sliding member acting as a self-lubricating sliding member, which is partially deformed plastically and united with the deformable member into one body, thereby to prevent noise, vibration, an oil or gas leak.
摘要翻译：一种复合滑动结构，其可应用于汽车减震器或液压装置或气动装置的滑动部分，并且包括活塞，衬套或球形座的形式的可变形构件，以及用作自润滑滑动构件的滑动构件其部分变形塑性地与可变形构件组合成一体，从而防止噪声，振动，油或气体泄漏。

90. 发明授权

US4671228A Four stroke internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：四冲程内燃机
公开(公告)号：US4671228A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US823337
申请日：1986-01-28
申请人： Takao Tomita , Masaaki Matsuura , Makoto Hirano , Masao Handa , Tomoo Shiozaki
发明人： Takao Tomita , Masaaki Matsuura , Makoto Hirano , Masao Handa , Tomoo Shiozaki
IPC分类号： F01L1/26 , F02B1/04 , F02B75/02 , F02F1/18 , F02F1/24 , F02F1/42 , F02F7/00 , F02P15/02 , F16J1/02
CPC分类号： F02F1/4221 , F01L1/265 , F02F1/183 , F02P15/02 , F02B1/04 , F02B2075/027 , F02B2275/18 , F02F2001/245 , F02F7/006
摘要： Engines having cylinders of noncircular cross section wherein the cylindrical curve is generated at a preselected constant outwardly normal distance from a closed curve. The closed curve is defined as including two spaced points on a major axis of symmetry of the cylinder with two continuously curved portions extending between these points and curved outwardly from the major axis. The closed curve about which the cylinder curve is generated is preferred such that there is a continuous change of curvature without discontinuity in that curvature in the cylindrical curve. The avoidance of discontinuity in the generating curve aids in mass production consideration and cutter life. A plurality of intake and exhaust port arrangements are disclosed illustrating four intake ports and four exhaust ports on opposite sides of the major axis of symmetry of the defined cylinder. In one embodiment, the outermost of the ports are smaller and are positioned closer to the major axis of symmetry. In another, the valves are oriented such that the stems thereof point to the centerline of the associated camshaft for direct actuation.
摘要翻译：具有非圆形横截面圆柱体的发动机，其中圆柱形曲线以预定的恒定向外从正向距离闭合曲线产生。闭合曲线被定义为在圆柱体的主要对称轴线上包括两个间隔的点，其中两个连续的弯曲部分在这些点之间延伸并且从长轴向外弯曲。产生气缸曲线的闭合曲线是优选的，使得在圆柱形曲线中曲率的连续变化没有不连续性。避免产生曲线中的不连续性有助于大量生产考虑和刀具寿命。公开了多个进气和排气口装置，其示出了在限定的气缸的主要对称轴线的相对侧上的四个进气口和四个排气口。在一个实施例中，端口的最外面较小并且被定位成更靠近主轴对称。另一方面，阀被定向成使得其杆指向相关联的凸轮轴的中心线，用于直接致动。

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