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71. 发明授权

US08311635B2 Field focusing and mapping in a visual prosthesis 有权
标题翻译：视觉假体中的场聚焦和映射
公开(公告)号：US08311635B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-13
申请号：US12487498
申请日：2009-06-18
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Richard Williamson
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Richard Williamson
IPC分类号： A61F9/08
CPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/36036 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/36185
摘要： The present invention is a system for mapping a high resolution image to a lower resolution electrode array and, by applying varying stimulus to neighboring electrodes, creating a perceived image greater in resolution than the electrode array. The invention is applicable to a wide range of neural stimulation devices including artificial vision and artificial hearing. By applying a sub-threshold stimulus to two neighboring electrodes where the sum of the stimuli is above the threshold of perception, a perception is created in neural tissue between the two electrodes. By adjusting the stimulus on neighboring electrodes, the location of stimulation can be altered. Further, noise can be applied to the stimulating electrode or its neighboring electrodes to reduce the threshold of stimulation.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于将高分辨率图像映射到较低分辨率电极阵列的系统，并且通过对相邻电极施加变化的刺激，产生比电极阵列更大的分辨率的感知图像。本发明适用于包括人造视觉和人造听觉在内的各种神经刺激装置。通过对刺激总和高于感知阈值的两个相邻电极施加亚阈值刺激，在两个电极之间的神经组织中产生感知。通过调整相邻电极的刺激，可以改变刺激的位置。此外，可以将刺激电极或其相邻电极施加噪声以降低刺激阈值。

72. 发明授权

US08214032B2 Implantable device using ultra-nanocrystalline diamond 有权
标题翻译：使用超微晶钻石的植入式装置
公开(公告)号：US08214032B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-03
申请号：US11452144
申请日：2006-06-12
申请人： Brian V. Mech , Robert J. Greenberg
发明人： Brian V. Mech , Robert J. Greenberg
IPC分类号： A61N1/00 , A61K9/22 , A61B5/04
CPC分类号： C23C16/274 , A61K9/0009 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/375 , C23C16/277 , C23C16/278 , C23C16/279 , H01L23/29 , H01L23/3107 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： An implantable biocompatible device, that may be either a sensor or stimulator, having electronic circuitry and electrodes formed on a substrate, is uniformly covered with a coating approximately one-micron thick of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond, hermetically sealing the electronic circuitry. Selected electrodes are either left uncovered during coating or uncovered by conventional patterning techniques, allowing the electrodes to be exposed to living tissue and fluids. The ultra-nanocrystalline diamond coating may be doped to create electrically conductive electrodes. These approaches eliminate the need for a hermetically sealed lid or cover to protect hybrid electronic circuitry, and thus allow the device to be thinner than otherwise possible. The conformal ultra-nanocrystalline diamond coating uniformly covers the device, providing relief from sharp edges and producing a strong, uniformly thick hermetic coating around sharp edges and on high aspect-ratio parts.
摘要翻译：具有电子电路和形成在基底上的电极的传感器或刺激器的可植入生物相容性装置被均匀地覆盖有约1微米厚的超微晶金刚石的涂层，气密密封电子电路。所选择的电极在涂覆期间未被覆盖或者通过常规图案化技术未被覆盖，允许电极暴露于活组织和流体。超级纳米晶体金刚石涂层可以被掺杂以产生导电电极。这些方法消除了对密封的盖子或盖子的需要，以保护混合电子电路，从而允许该装置比其他可能的更薄。保形的超纳米晶金刚石涂层均匀地覆盖了该装置，从尖锐的边缘提供浮雕，并在尖锐的边缘和高纵横比的部分上产生强而均匀的厚的密封涂层。

73. 发明授权

US08195301B2 Video configuration file editor for visual prosthesis fitting and related method 有权
标题翻译：用于视觉假体拟合的视频配置文件编辑器及相关方法
公开(公告)号：US08195301B2
公开(公告)日：2012-06-05
申请号：US12114635
申请日：2008-05-02
申请人： Arup Roy , Chunhong Zhou , Kelly H. McClure , Matthew J. McMahon , Avraham I. Caspi , Pishoy Maksy , Robert J. Greenberg
发明人： Arup Roy , Chunhong Zhou , Kelly H. McClure , Matthew J. McMahon , Avraham I. Caspi , Pishoy Maksy , Robert J. Greenberg
IPC分类号： A61N1/08
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 , A61N1/0543 , A61N1/3605 , A61N1/37235 , A61N1/37247 , G06K9/4661 , G06T7/0012
摘要： A method of editing a video configuration file downloadable to or from a video processing unit of a fitting system for a visual prosthesis is shown. The visual prosthesis has a plurality of electrodes and the video configuration file defines mapping of a video signal captured from a camera of the visual prosthesis to an electrical signal for the electrodes. The editing controls a brightness map for an individual electrode or electrode groups, together with a temporal stimulation pattern to which an individual electrode or electrode groups are assigned. A related computer-operated system is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：示出了编辑可下载到视觉假体的装配系统的视频处理单元的视频配置文件的方法。视觉假体具有多个电极，并且视频配置文件定义从视觉假体的照相机捕获的视频信号到用于电极的电信号的映射。编辑控制单个电极或电极组的亮度图，以及分配单个电极组的时间刺激图案。还公开了一种相关的计算机操作系统。

74. 发明授权

US08180460B2 Flexible circuit electrode array 有权
标题翻译：柔性电路电极阵列
公开(公告)号：US08180460B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-15
申请号：US11934627
申请日：2007-11-02
申请人： Jordan Matthew Nevsmith , Neil Hamilton Talbot , James Singleton Little , Brian V. Mech , Robert J. Greenberg , Qingfang Yao , Dao Min Zhou
发明人： Jordan Matthew Nevsmith , Neil Hamilton Talbot , James Singleton Little , Brian V. Mech , Robert J. Greenberg , Qingfang Yao , Dao Min Zhou
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/0541 , A61N1/36046 , H05K1/028 , H05K1/0353 , H05K1/09 , H05K1/111 , H05K1/115 , H05K1/118 , H05K3/0014 , H05K3/0017 , H05K3/0041 , H05K3/06 , H05K3/188 , H05K3/22 , H05K3/388 , H05K3/4644 , H05K2201/0129 , H05K2201/0133 , H05K2201/0141 , H05K2201/0154 , Y10T29/49156 , Y10T29/49158
摘要： A flexible circuit electrode array with more than one layer of metal traces comprising: a polymer base layer; more than one layer of metal traces, separated by polymer layers, deposited on said polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue; and a polymer top layer deposited on said polymer base layer and said metal traces. Polymer materials are useful as electrode array bodies for neural stimulation. They are particularly useful for retinal stimulation to create artificial vision, cochlear stimulation to create artificial hearing, or cortical stimulation many purposes. The pressure applied against the retina, or other neural tissue, by an electrode array is critical. Too little pressure causes increased electrical resistance, along with electric field dispersion. Too much pressure may block blood flow.
摘要翻译：一种具有多于一层金属迹线的柔性电路电极阵列，包括：聚合物基层; 沉积在所述聚合物基层上的多于一层由聚合物层隔开的金属痕迹层，包括适于刺激神经组织的电极; 以及沉积在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上的聚合物顶层。聚合物材料可用作神经刺激的电极阵列体。它们对视网膜刺激特别有用，用于创建人造视觉，人工耳蜗刺激以创建人造听觉或皮质刺激许多目的。通过电极阵列对视网膜或其他神经组织施加的压力是至关重要的。太小的压力会导致电阻增加以及电场分散。太大的压力可能会阻止血液流动。

75. 发明授权

US08180454B2 Fitting a neural prosthesis using impedance and electrode height 有权
标题翻译：使用阻抗和电极高度拟合神经假体
公开(公告)号：US08180454B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-15
申请号：US11607201
申请日：2006-12-01
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Ione Fine , Arup Roy , Matthew J. McMahon , Mark S. Humayun , James David Weiland , Alan M. Horsager , Dao Min Zhou , Amy Hines , Sumit Yadav , Rongqing Dai
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Ione Fine , Arup Roy , Matthew J. McMahon , Mark S. Humayun , James David Weiland , Alan M. Horsager , Dao Min Zhou , Amy Hines , Sumit Yadav , Rongqing Dai
IPC分类号： A61N1/18
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/37247
摘要： The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual subject. The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from subject to subject. Measure of impedance may be used to predict the electrode height from the neural tissue and, thereby, predict the threshold of perception. Alternatively, electrode height may be measured directly to predict the threshold of perception. Also, impedance measurement may be used to quickly identify defective electrodes and proper electrode placement.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种将电极阵列自动调整为个体对象的神经特征的方法。对电神经刺激的反应因受试者而异。可以使用阻抗测量来预测来自神经组织的电极高度，从而预测感知的阈值。或者，可以直接测量电极高度以预测感知阈值。此外，阻抗测量可用于快速识别有缺陷的电极和适当的电极放置。

76. 发明授权

US08131375B2 Trans-retinal flexible circuit electrode array 有权
标题翻译：视网膜软电路电极阵列
公开(公告)号：US08131375B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-06
申请号：US11521281
申请日：2006-09-13
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 , A61F9/08 , A61N1/0543 , H05K1/028 , H05K1/0281 , H05K1/118 , H05K3/28 , H05K2201/0133
摘要： Applicant has proposed a combination of the subretinal and epiretinal methods by placing the electronics external to the eye, entering the eye through the pars plana and the piercing the retina (retinotomy) from inside the eye to stimulate subreintally.The present invention is an improved electrode array for subretinal stimulation. A hard polymer such as polyimide is biocompatible and strong for supporting an electrode array and supporting traces in a thin flex circuit array. In the present invention applicant takes advantage of the sharp nature of thin polyimide making a point on the end of the electrode array. This allows the flexible circuit electrode array to be both electrode array and surgical tool to cut the retinal and slide the array under the retina in a single action.
摘要翻译：申请人提出了通过将眼睛外部电子放置在眼睛的外部并通过平面进入眼睛并从眼睛刺穿视网膜（视网膜切开术）以刺激眼底的方式来组合视网膜下和视网膜方法。本发明是用于视网膜下刺激的改进的电极阵列。诸如聚酰亚胺之类的硬聚合物是生物相容性强的，用于支撑电极阵列和支撑在薄柔性电路阵列中的迹线。在本发明中，申请人利用薄聚酰亚胺的尖锐特性，在电极阵列的末端形成点。这使得柔性电路电极阵列既可以是电极阵列，也可以是手术工具，以切割视网膜，并在阵列下方以单一动作滑动阵列。

77. 发明授权

US08090448B2 Low profile package for an implantable device 有权
标题翻译：用于植入式装置的薄型包装
公开(公告)号：US08090448B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-03
申请号：US12205659
申请日：2008-09-05
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Joseph H. Schulman
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Joseph H. Schulman
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/37247 , A61N1/375 , H01L2224/16225 , Y10T29/49165
摘要： The present invention is a low profile hermetic package for an implantable medical device. The package includes a non-conductive substrate including a plurality of straight conductive vias through the non-conductive substrate. A conductive cover hermetically enclosing an electronics circuit is bonded to the non-conductive substrate. The device is low profile. The width of the non-conductive substrate is grater than the height of the cover.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于可植入医疗装置的薄型密封包装。该封装包括非导电衬底，其包括穿过非导电衬底的多个直的导电通孔。气密地封装电子电路的导电盖被粘合到非导电基底上。该设备薄型。非导电性基板的宽度比盖的高度大。

78. 发明申请

US20110270354A1 Visual Prosthesis 有权
标题翻译：视觉假体
公开(公告)号：US20110270354A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-03
申请号：US13168653
申请日：2011-06-24
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Kelly H. McClure , Arup Roy
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Kelly H. McClure , Arup Roy
IPC分类号： A61F9/08
CPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/36046 , A61N1/37276 , A61N1/3787 , G02C11/10 , H04N5/2254
摘要： A visual prosthesis apparatus and a method for limiting power consumption in a visual prosthesis apparatus. The visual prosthesis apparatus comprises a camera for capturing a video image, a video processing unit associated with the camera, the video processing unit configured to convert the video image to stimulation patterns, and a retinal stimulation system configured to stop stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye based on the stimulation patterns when an error is detected in a forward telemetry received from the video processing unit.
摘要翻译：一种视觉假体装置和用于限制视力假体装置中的功率消耗的方法。视觉假体装置包括用于捕捉视频图像的相机，与相机相关联的视频处理单元，视频处理单元，被配置为将视频图像转换为刺激图案;以及视网膜刺激系统，其被配置为停止刺激受试者的神经组织基于在从视频处理单元接收的前向遥测中检测到错误时的刺激模式的眼睛。

79. 发明申请

US20110270352A1 Encoding of Size and Brightness of Percepts in a Visual Prosthesis 有权
标题翻译：视觉假体中感觉的尺寸和亮度的编码
公开(公告)号：US20110270352A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-03
申请号：US13097534
申请日：2011-04-29
申请人： Devyani Nanduri , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland , Jessy Dorn , Robert J. Greenberg
发明人： Devyani Nanduri , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland , Jessy Dorn , Robert J. Greenberg
IPC分类号： A61F9/08
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 , A61N1/0543
摘要： Methods of electrically stimulating percepts in a patient with a visual prosthesis are discussed. Changes in amplitude of stimulation increase both the perceived brightness and the perceived size of the precept. Changes in frequency of stimulation change the perceived brightness without altering the perceived size of the percept. Hence, a source image may be mapped to a combination of amplitude and frequency that best induces the desired image.
摘要翻译：讨论了在具有视觉假体的患者中电刺激感觉的方法。刺激幅度的变化增加了感觉的亮度和感知的尺寸。刺激频率的变化会改变感知亮度，而不会改变感知的感知尺寸。因此，源图像可以被映射到最佳地诱导期望图像的幅度和频率的组合。

80. 发明授权

US07962221B2 Pixel re-mapping for visual prosthesis 有权
标题翻译：视觉假体的像素重新映射
公开(公告)号：US07962221B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-14
申请号：US11493471
申请日：2006-07-25
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Richard Williamson
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Richard Williamson
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046
摘要： A method and apparatus for adjusting a visual image provided to a patient. In one embodiment, an image may be presented to the patient to obtain the patient's subjective perception of the image, and the patient may either manipulate the image to obtain a desired adjustment, or guide a clinician performing the adjustment. In another embodiment, the clinician may make objective observations of, for example, the position of an electrode array on the patient's retina, and make adjustments accordingly. The adjustment may be a spatial adjustment comprising a re-mapping performed to decreases image distortion resulting from differences in the patient's perception of stimulation of different areas of the retina. Such distortion may result from differences between the patient's perception of stimulation falling within the macula, and stimulation falling within the periphery surrounding the macula. The adjustment may also compensate for translations or rotations of the electrode array on the retina.
摘要翻译：一种用于调整提供给患者的视觉图像的方法和装置。在一个实施例中，可以向患者呈现图像以获得患者对图像的主观感知，并且患者可以操纵图像以获得期望的调整，或指导进行调整的临床医师。在另一个实施例中，临床医生可以对例如患者视网膜上的电极阵列的位置进行客观观察，并进行相应的调整。调整可以是空间调整，其包括执行的重新映射，以减少由于患者对视网膜的不同区域的刺激的感知的差异而导致的图像失真。这种变形可能由患者对黄斑内的刺激感知以及落在黄斑周围周边的刺激之间的差异引起。该调整还可以补偿视网膜上的电极阵列的平移或旋转。

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