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51. 发明授权

US6066825A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 有权
标题翻译：在废物处理系统生产电力过程中，低NOx排放的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US6066825A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US207442
申请日：1998-12-08
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.
摘要翻译：提供了高效发电和低氧氮（NOx）排放的方法和装置。电力是由在废物转化装置中产生的富氢气体的燃烧产生的，其使用相对于内燃机发电机中的化学计量运行的0.4-0.7的超稀燃料与空气的比例，或者在燃气轮机中进行超精馏运行，以确保最小生产污染物如NOx。超精馏操作也提高了内燃机的效率。也可采用高压缩比（r = 12〜15）来进一步提高内燃机的效率。诸如天然气或柴油的补充燃料可以直接添加到用于与在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体一起燃烧的内燃机发电机或燃气轮机。此外，补充燃料可以重新变成等离子体燃料转化器中的富氢气体，然后被引入内燃机发电机或用于燃烧的燃气轮机以及补充燃料和在废物转化单元中产生的富氢气体。废物转化单元的优选实施例是完全集成的可调谐等离子体焦耳加热熔化器，其具有共同的熔池和电源电路，其可以同时操作而彼此不会有相互影响。在该实施例中，焦耳加热的熔化器能够将材料保持在具有足够导电性的熔融状态，以允许快速重新启动转移的电弧等离子体。

52. 发明授权

US6058857A Fluidized bed type incinerator 失效
标题翻译：流化床式焚烧炉
公开(公告)号：US6058857A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US973851
申请日：1998-03-23
申请人： Seiichi Nakai , Ryozo Shiji , Takeshi Matsui , Norihiro Aoki , Yoshimasa Miura , Yusuke Okada
发明人： Seiichi Nakai , Ryozo Shiji , Takeshi Matsui , Norihiro Aoki , Yoshimasa Miura , Yusuke Okada
IPC分类号： F23C10/20 , F23G5/30 , F23G5/00 , B01J8/18 , F23G7/00
CPC分类号： F23C10/20 , F23G5/30
摘要： A plurality of dispersive air pipes for combustion (11) containing a plurality of dispersive air holes and projecting in a cantilever fashion from the side walls (1b, 1c) in an oblique downward direction are provided in the lower portion of a combustion zone (2b) of a furnace main unit (1) which includes an ash discharge outlet (6) formed in the base portion of the furnace main unit, and an incombustible material discharge space (12) is formed between the ends of the dispersive air pipes for combustion (11). As a result, incombustible material accumulating on the dispersive air pipes for combustion (11) is guided to the incombustible material discharge space (12) and then discharged.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / JP97 / 01375 Sec。 371日期：1998年3月23日 102（e）1998年3月23日PCT 1997年4月21日PCT PCT。公开号WO97 / 41389 日期：1997年11月6日在多个分散气孔中分散有多个分散气孔的分散空气管（11），在侧壁（1b，1c）上以倾斜向下方向以悬臂方式突出，炉主体（1）的燃烧区（2b），其包括形成在炉主体的基部的灰分排出口（6）和不燃材料排出空间（12）用于燃烧的分散空气管（11）。结果，积聚在用于燃烧的分散空气管道上的不燃材料（11）被引导到不可燃材料排出空间（12），然后排出。

53. 发明授权

US6035791A Process for the recycling of treated wood and the installation for the application of the process 失效
标题翻译：处理木材的回收处理和施工过程的安装
公开(公告)号：US6035791A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US776232
申请日：1997-01-30
申请人： Jean Sebastien Hery
发明人： Jean Sebastien Hery
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , B27K3/00 , C10B51/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/02 , F23G5/033 , F23G7/00 , F23J15/06 , F23G5/02 , C10J3/00 , F23B7/00 , F23G5/04
CPC分类号： C10B53/02 , B27K1/00 , B27K3/00 , C10B51/00 , Y02E50/14
摘要： Apparatus for processing and recycling CCA (copper, chrome, arsenic) treated wood chips that includes a vertical reaction chamber into which a continuous stream of wood chips is poured. Hot gases at about 400.degree. C. are introduced into the bottom of the column to heat the chips below their ignition point. The combustion gases flow upwardly through the chips to progressively cool the gases and allow them to condense in the column. The condensate is deposited upon the surface of the chips and the gases, which are now free of heavy metals, are evacuated from the column.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FR96 / 00809 Sec。 371日期1997年1月30日 102（e）1997年1月30日PCT PCT 1996年5月30日PCT公布。公开号WO96 / 38515 日期1996年12月5日用于处理和回收CCA（铜，铬，砷）处理木片的设备，其包括垂直反应室，其中倒入连续的木屑流。将约400℃的热气体引入塔的底部，以将芯片加热到点火点以下。燃烧气体向上流过芯片以逐渐冷却气体并使其在柱中冷凝。冷凝物沉积在芯片的表面上，现在没有重金属的气体从塔中排出。

54. 再颁专利

USRE36553E Incineration of waste materials 失效
公开(公告)号：USRE36553E
公开(公告)日：2000-02-08
申请号：US585768
申请日：1996-01-16
申请人： Francis W. Karasek , Leslie C. Dickson , Otto Hutzinger
发明人： Francis W. Karasek , Leslie C. Dickson , Otto Hutzinger
IPC分类号： B01D53/34 , B01D53/70 , F23G7/00 , F23J7/00 , F23J15/00 , F23B7/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/70 , F23G7/00 , F23J15/00 , F23J15/003 , F23J7/00 , F23G2201/701 , F23J2215/30 , F23J2215/301
摘要： In the conventional incineration of solid waste materials, flyash present in the combustion products gas stream catalyzes the formation of toxic dioxins from chlorinated organic materials. By providing a catalyst poison, such as carbon disulphide, in association with the flyash, typically by spraying onto the solid wastes prior to incineration, the catalytic effect is decreased, resulting in decreased dioxin formation.

55. 发明授权

US06018471A Methods and apparatus for treating waste 失效
公开(公告)号：US06018471A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-25
申请号：US39580
申请日：1998-03-16
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , H02M7/06
CPC分类号： B01D53/34 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , C10K3/04 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2200/15 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1276 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/1646 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02P40/59 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32
摘要： Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for switching between AC and DC power. The arc plasma electrodes can also be configured for independent arc voltage and arc current control. The joule heating circuits are configured for simultaneous operation with the arcing electrodes, but without detrimental interaction with the arcing electrodes. The systems provide stable, non-leachable products and a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel can be utilized in a combustion or non-combustion process to generate electricity.

56. 发明授权

US5908564A Tunable, self-powered arc plasma-melter electro conversion system for waste treatment and resource recovery 失效
标题翻译：可调谐的自供电电弧等离子体电转换系统，用于废物处理和资源回收
公开(公告)号：US5908564A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US911408
申请日：1997-08-14
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides a relatively compact self-powered, tunable waste conversion system and apparatus which has the advantage of highly robust operation which provides complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The system provides the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or by an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a self-powered or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种相对紧凑的自供电的可调谐废物转化系统和装置，其具有高度鲁棒的操作的优点，其提供了将广泛范围的废物流完全或基本上完全转化为有用气体和稳定的不可漂移的固体产物单一位置大大减少空气污染，以达到空气质量标准。该系统提供了高效率地将废物转化为高质量可燃气体并通过利用高效燃气轮机或内燃机将气体高效转化为电能的能力。固体产品可适用于各种商业应用。或者，作为安全，稳定的材料的固体产物流可以作为有害材料而没有特别考虑而被处理。在本发明的优选实施例中，电弧等离子体炉和焦耳加热的熔化器形成为具有共同熔池的完全集成的单元，其具有用于电弧等离子体和单元的焦耳加热部分的同时独立可控操作的电路布置而不会互相干扰。另外可以减少或不进一步使用由转化过程产生的气体来使用该装置。该设备可以用作自供电或净电产生单元，其中使用辅助燃料提供所需的电力生产水平。

57. 发明授权

US5883359A Heating plug for a cigar lighter having a plurality of annular sectors for engaging the heating resistance 失效
标题翻译：一种用于具有多个用于接合加热电阻的环形扇形的雪茄打火机的加热塞
公开(公告)号：US5883359A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US687468
申请日：1996-11-26
申请人： Bertrand Neyret
发明人： Bertrand Neyret
IPC分类号： B60N3/14 , F23G7/00 , F23Q7/00
CPC分类号： F23G7/00 , B60N3/14
摘要： The heating plug has a shroud containing a heating resistance of spiral form. The base of the shroud has embossed annular sectors for contact with the outer end of the resistance.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FR95 / 01628 Sec。 371日期1996年11月26日 102（e）日期1996年11月26日PCT提交1995年12月7日PCT公布。公开号WO96 / 17748 日期1996年6月13日加热塞具有包含螺旋形加热阻力的护罩。护罩的底部具有压花环形部分，用于与电阻的外端接触。

58. 发明授权

US5881654A Combustion apparatus for highly energetic materials 失效
标题翻译：用于高能材料的燃烧装置
公开(公告)号：US5881654A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US48615
申请日：1998-03-26
申请人： Jeff L. Fleming , Michael P. Barkdoll , Richard Westbrook , Chris E. McBride
发明人： Jeff L. Fleming , Michael P. Barkdoll , Richard Westbrook , Chris E. McBride
IPC分类号： F23G7/00 , F23J11/00 , A62D3/00 , F23B5/04 , F23J15/00
CPC分类号： F23J11/00 , F23G7/003 , F23G2209/16 , F23G2209/22 , F23G2209/261 , F23G2209/28 , F23G2900/50001 , F23G2900/70601 , F23J2219/80
摘要： The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.
摘要翻译：本说明书描述了一种用于热处理能量材料的系统，其在燃烧时产生大量的气态产物。该系统包括容纳系统，其保持热废气产物和较冷气体之间的界面，但允许从容纳系统相对较慢地去除和处理废气产物，同时允许气体进入容纳系统以替代排除废气产品的等量体积。

59. 发明授权

US5868085A Pyrolytic waste treatment system 失效
标题翻译：热解废物处理系统
公开(公告)号：US5868085A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US846210
申请日：1997-04-28
申请人： Andrew H. Hansen , William C Walker
发明人： Andrew H. Hansen , William C Walker
IPC分类号： C10B7/10 , C10B53/00 , F23G7/00
CPC分类号： C10B7/10 , C10B53/00 , Y02E20/12
摘要： A system for pyrolysis of hydrocarbon constituents of waste material including a treatment unit featuring a retort with a ellipsoidal cross-section forming a first retort half and a second retort half, the material to be treated being selectively deposited in only one half of the retort at a time during any given period of system operation, to avoid abrasion and wear of the half not in use, thus effectively doubling the life of the retort component. Another feature of a treatment unit according to the invention is a heat reclamation arrangement that introduces gases that have first been combusted to supply heat energy to the retort through a conduit directly into the interior of the retort, to improve the efficiency with which pyrolysis takes place. Further, the treatment unit has an exhaust and cleaning arrangement to render gases produced during pyrolysis substantially free of pollutants such that the gases can be vented to the atmosphere. The exhaust and cleaning arrangement is characterized by a plurality of selectively detachable gas injection tubes, which provide fuel for thermal oxidation of the gases. Each injection tube can be removed for cleaning independently of any other injection tube, and removal can be accomplished without disrupting operation of the system. Still another feature of the treatment unit of the invention is the redundancy and high-temperature resistance of the seal between the retort and other components of the unit.
摘要翻译：一种用于热解废物的烃成分的系统，包括处理单元，该处理单元具有形成第一蒸煮半部和第二蒸馏釜半部的椭圆形横截面的蒸馏器，待处理材料仅选择性地沉积在蒸馏器的一半中在任何给定期间的系统运行期间，避免磨损和磨损的一半不使用，从而有效地使蒸煮部件的寿命倍增。根据本发明的处理单元的另一个特征是热回收装置，其引入首先被燃烧的气体，以通过导管直接向蒸馏器中的蒸馏器提供热能直接进入蒸馏器的内部，以提高发生热解的效率。此外，处理单元具有排气和清洁装置，以使得在热解过程中产生的气体基本上不含污染物，使得气体可以排放到大气中。排气和清洁装置的特征在于多个可选择性地拆卸的气体注入管，其提供用于气体的热氧化的燃料。每个注射管可以独立于任何其他注射管去除以进行清洁，并且可以在不中断系统的操作的情况下完成去除。本发明的治疗单元的另一个特征是蒸馏器和该单元的其它部件之间的密封的冗余性和耐高温性。

60. 发明授权

US5847353A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US5847353A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693425
申请日：1996-08-07
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.

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