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11. 发明授权

US5847353A Methods and apparatus for low NO.sub.x emissions during the production of electricity from waste treatment systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US5847353A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693425
申请日：1996-08-07
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D101/08 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G7/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B2206/046 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. In addition, supplemental fuel may be reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas in a plasma fuel converter and then introduced into the internal combustion engine-generator or a gas turbine for combustion along with supplemental fuel and the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit. The preferred embodiment of the waste conversion unit is a fully integrated tunable arc plasma-joule heated melter with a common molten pool and power supply circuits which can be operated simultaneously without detrimental interaction with one another. In this embodiment, the joule heated melter is capable of maintaining the material in a molten state with sufficient electrical conductivity to allow rapid restart of a transferred arc plasma.

12. 发明授权

US5069298A Well drilling assembly 失效
标题翻译：钻井总成
公开(公告)号：US5069298A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-03
申请号：US516151
申请日：1990-04-30
申请人： Charles H. Titus
发明人： Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： E21B4/00 , E21B4/02
CPC分类号： E21B4/003 , E21B4/02
摘要： A well drilling assembly including a drill bit projecting beyond the bottom of a hollow casing at the bottom of the hole. A fluid motor mounted in the casing has a rotary shaft to rotate the drill bit. The lower end of the rotary shaft is hollow to provide a central flow passage therein, and has an outer pressure diameter less than the inner diameter of said casing to provide an outer pressure passage therealong. Bearings are mounted in the outer passage to support the shaft against radial and axial displacement, and are engulfed in a body of lubricant confined between upper and lower floating seals which limit flow of drilling mud into the lubricant and flow of lubricant from the body into the drilling mud. A labyrinth provides a rotating orifice in the outer passage below the lower seals to maintain a pressure differential between the exterior of said drill bit and the lower seals.
摘要翻译：一种钻井组件，包括在孔的底部突出超过中空壳体的底部的钻头。安装在壳体中的流体马达具有旋转轴以旋转钻头。旋转轴的下端是中空的，以在其中提供中心流动通道，并且具有小于所述壳体的内径的外部压力直径以在其上提供外部压力通道。轴承安装在外部通道中以支撑轴抵抗径向和轴向位移，并且被吞没在限制在上部和下部浮动密封件之间的润滑剂体内，这限制了钻井泥浆流入润滑剂和润滑剂从主体流入到钻泥迷宫在下部密封件下方的外部通道中提供旋转孔，以保持所述钻头的外部和下部密封件之间的压力差。

13. 发明授权

US6100644A Dimmable and non-dimmable electronic ballast for plural fluorescent lamps 失效
标题翻译：可调光和不可调光的电子镇流器用于多个荧光灯
公开(公告)号：US6100644A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US301803
申请日：1999-04-29
申请人： Charles H. Titus
发明人： Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： H05B41/285 , H05B41/392 , H05B37/00
CPC分类号： H05B41/3925 , H05B41/2851
摘要： An electronic ballast has a unique inverter design which eliminates a large percentage of the required components, thereby simplifying and increasing the reliability of the ballast, while decreasing its costs. The ballast can operate both as a non-dimmable ballast and a dimmable ballast. The ballast can provide power for either two or four fluorescent lamps in a single light fixture, or for a plurality of such light fixtures connected in a daisy chain fashion. The ballast incorporates additional safety and protection features which are not available in existing ballasts, such removing the lethal danger of the 50/60 Hz power that is typically present at the lamps during lamp replacement. Furthermore, the electronic ballast supplies a constant high frequency output voltage to the light fixture independent of the frequency. There is very little distributed capacitance at the connections from the electronic ballast to the lamps. This feature eliminates points of resonances over the range of frequencies for dimming, thereby eliminating sudden changes in brightness as the frequency is varied.
摘要翻译：电子镇流器具有独特的逆变器设计，消除了所需部件的大部分，从而简化并提高了镇流器的可靠性，同时降低了其成本。镇流器可以作为不可调光镇流器和可调光镇流器工作。镇流器可以为单个灯具中的两个或四个荧光灯提供电力，或者以菊花链方式连接的多个这样的灯具。镇流器具有额外的安全和保护功能，这些功能在现有的镇流器中不可用，从而消除了在灯更换期间通常存在于灯处的50/60 Hz功率的致命危险。此外，电子镇流器独立于频率，向灯具提供恒定的高频输出电压。在从电子镇流器到灯的连接处，分布电容很小。该功能消除了调频范围内的谐振点，从而消除了频率变化时亮度的突然变化。

14. 发明授权

US5887554A Rapid response plasma fuel converter systems 失效
标题翻译：快速响应等离子体燃料转换器系统
公开(公告)号：US5887554A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-30
申请号：US589118
申请日：1996-01-19
申请人： Daniel R. Cohn , Alexander Rabinovich , Charles H. Titus
发明人： Daniel R. Cohn , Alexander Rabinovich , Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： F02B25/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B51/00
CPC分类号： F02M25/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B51/00 , F02B2043/106 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S123/12
摘要： Systems for producing hydrogen-rich gases including rapid response plasma fuel converters are provided. The rapid response plasma fuel converters systems are suitable for use in vehicles and the like in which the systems are capable of instantaneously providing hydrogen-rich gas, reducing pollutants during vehicle startup and allowing use of hydrogen-rich gas during load changes. The systems are preferably capable of responding on the order of a second or less. The systems include a plasma fuel converter for receiving hydrocarbon fuel and reforming the hydrocarbon fuel into a hydrogen-rich gas, an internal combustion engine adapted to receive the hydrogen-rich gas from the plasma fuel converter, a generator powered by the engine and connected to deliver electrical energy to power the plasma fuel converter, and a power supply circuit capable of rapidly providing power to the plasma fuel converter in response to a stimulus. The stimulus can be movement in the accelerator pedal controlled by the driver of the vehicle. The plasma fuel converters can be operated pulsed or non-pulsed modes of operation and can utilize arc or high frequency discharges. The plasma fuel converter can be either separated from the engine or directly integrated into the engine to allow for more efficient use of the thermal energy produced by the plasma fuel converter.
摘要翻译：提供了包括快速响应等离子体燃料转换器的富氢气体生产系统。快速响应的等离子体燃料转化器系统适用于车辆等，其中系统能够瞬时提供富氢气体，减少车辆起动期间的污染物，并允许在负载变化期间使用富氢气体。这些系统优选地能够响应于第二次或更少次的顺序。该系统包括用于接收烃燃料并将烃燃料重整成富氢气体的等离子体燃料转化器，适于从等离子体燃料转换器接收富氢气体的内燃机，由发动机供电并连接到提供电能以为等离子体燃料转换器供电，以及能够响应于刺激而向等离子体燃料转换器快速提供电力的电源电路。刺激可以是由车辆驾驶员控制的加速器踏板中的运动。等离子体燃料转换器可以操作脉冲或非脉冲操作模式，并且可以利用电弧或高频放电。等离子体燃料转换器可以与发动机分离或直接集成到发动机中，以便更有效地利用由等离子体燃料转换器产生的热能。

15. 发明授权

US5785426A Self-calibrated active pyrometer for furnace temperature measurements 失效
标题翻译：自校准的有源高温计用于炉温测量
公开(公告)号：US5785426A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-28
申请号：US539818
申请日：1995-10-06
申请人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Paul P. Woskov , Daniel R. Cohn , Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： G01R29/08 , G01J5/46 , G01J5/52 , G01K11/00 , G01K11/12 , G01K17/00 , G01J5/08 , G01J5/62
CPC分类号： G01K11/006 , G01J5/522 , G01K11/12 , G01K17/003
摘要： Pyrometer with a probe beam superimposed on its field-of-view for furnace temperature measurements. The pyrometer includes a heterodyne millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave receiver including a millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave or microwave source for probing. The receiver is adapted to receive radiation from a surface whose temperature is to be measured. The radiation includes a surface emission portion and a surface reflection portion which includes the probe beam energy reflected from the surface. The surface emission portion is related to the surface temperature and the surface reflection portion is related to the emissivity of the surface. The simultaneous measurement of surface emissivity serves as a real time calibration of the temperature measurement. In an alternative embodiment, a translatable base plate and a visible laser beam allow slow mapping out of interference patterns and obtaining peak values therefor. The invention also includes a waveguide having a replaceable end portion, an insulating refractory sleeve and/or a source of inert gas flow. The pyrometer may be used in conjunction with a waveguide to form a system for temperature measurements in a furnace. The system may employ a chopper or alternatively, be constructed without a chopper. The system may also include an auxiliary reflector for surface emissivity measurements.
摘要翻译：测高仪用探针光束叠加在其视场上进行炉温测量。高温计包括外差毫米/亚毫米波或微波接收器，其包括用于探测的毫米/亚毫米波或微波源。接收器适于接收来自待测温度的表面的辐射。辐射包括表面发射部分和包括从表面反射的探测光束能量的表面反射部分。表面发射部分与表面温度有关，表面反射部分与表面的发射率有关。表面发射率的同时测量可作为温度测量的实时校准。在替代实施例中，可平移底板和可见激光束允许从干涉图案中缓慢映射并获得其峰值。本发明还包括具有可更换端部，绝缘耐火套和/或惰性气流源的波导。高温计可以与波导结合使用以形成用于炉中的温度测量的系统。该系统可以采用斩波器或替代地，在没有斩波器的情况下构建。该系统还可以包括用于表面发射率测量的辅助反射器。

16. 发明授权

US5550410A Gas turbine electrical power generation scheme utilizing remotely located fuel sites 失效
标题翻译：燃气轮机发电方案利用远程位置的燃料
公开(公告)号：US5550410A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US284148
申请日：1994-08-02
申请人： Charles H. Titus
发明人： Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： H02J3/36 , H02J3/38 , H02K7/18 , F01D15/10 , F02C6/00 , F02D29/06
CPC分类号： H02J3/36 , H02J3/38 , Y02E60/60 , Y10S174/15 , Y10S174/18
摘要： A remote electrical energy generating and distribution system is provided wherein a plurality of combustion turbine generators are located at respective remote sites having deposits of fossil fuel. The fossil fuel is thereby converted into electrical energy for transmission to an energy utilization center or to a power grid. Electrical energy is preferably converted to DC energy at the remote sites, and is supplemented by thermoelectric energy recovered from the exhaust of the combustion turbines. Each such source of DC energy is coupled to a main transmission line by a diode coupling device for providing isolation of each source in the event of a reduction in output voltage. Local power for cooling the diode coupling device is provided by a forward conduction voltage drop within the coupling device. The DC transmission system allows each generator to be operated at any independent optional speed.
摘要翻译：提供了一种远程电力发生和分配系统，其中多个燃气轮机发电机位于具有化石燃料沉积物的各个远程站点。因此，化石燃料转化为电能以传输到能量利用中心或电力网。电能优选在远程位置被转换为直流能量，并且由从燃烧涡轮机的排气回收的热能补充。每个这样的直流能量源通过二极管耦合装置耦合到主传输线，用于在输出电压降低的情况下提供每个源的隔离。用于冷却二极管耦合器件的局部电源由耦合器件内的正向传导电压降提供。直流传输系统允许每个发电机以任何独立的可选速度运行。

17. 发明授权

US4424547A Surge suppressor construction 失效
标题翻译：浪涌抑制器施工
公开(公告)号：US4424547A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-03
申请号：US341711
申请日：1982-01-22
申请人： Charles H. Titus , John E. Zlupko
发明人： Charles H. Titus , John E. Zlupko
IPC分类号： H01C7/12 , H01T4/02 , H02H9/04
CPC分类号： H01T4/02 , H01C7/12
摘要： This surge suppressor comprises a tubular insulating housing having a metal end cap at one end and an integral end wall at its opposite end. A metal terminal extends through the end wall and has a portion within the housing. A stack of metal-oxide varistor blocks has one end bearing against said terminal portion and an external periphery spaced from the surrounding wall of the housing. A metal plate at the other end of the stack is urged against said other end of the stack by a spring between the end cap and the plate. A plurality of ceramic rods fixed to the end wall extend alongside said stack and through holes in the end plate and serve to limit such lateral motion of the stack as produced by vibrations and mechanical shocks.
摘要翻译：该浪涌抑制器包括管状绝缘壳体，其在一端具有金属端盖，在其相对端具有整体端壁。金属端子延伸穿过端壁并且在壳体内具有一部分。金属氧化物非线性电阻块的堆叠具有抵靠所述端子部分的一端和与壳体的周围壁间隔开的外部周边。在堆叠的另一端的金属板通过端盖和板之间的弹簧被推压到堆叠的另一端。固定在端壁上的多个陶瓷棒沿着所述的堆叠和端板中的通孔延伸并且用于限制由振动和机械冲击产生的堆叠的这种侧向运动。

18. 发明授权

US3963978A Reactive power compensator 失效
标题翻译：无功补偿器
公开(公告)号：US3963978A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-15
申请号：US550090
申请日：1975-02-14
申请人： Fred W. Kelley, Jr. , Charles H. Titus
发明人： Fred W. Kelley, Jr. , Charles H. Titus
IPC分类号： H02J3/18
CPC分类号： H02J3/1864 , Y02E40/12
摘要： Reactive current compensating apparatus for a multiphase electric power circuit comprises separately variable reactive impedance elements coupled to the power circuit in multiphase relation through phase shifting means such as a tertiary transformer winding. When phase voltage supplied to the compensating impedance leads or lags the line-to-neutral voltage of the power circuit the compensating effect in respect to negative phase sequence line current components is enhanced as compared to direct conductive connection of compensating impedance to the power circuit.

19. 发明授权

US06215678B1 Arc plasma-joule heated melter system for waste treatment and resource recovery 有权
标题翻译：电弧等离子焦耳加热熔化器系统用于废物处理和资源回收
公开(公告)号：US06215678B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09393098
申请日：1999-09-09
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： H02M706
CPC分类号： B01D53/34 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2200/15 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1276 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/1646 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , C10K3/04 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , F23G2201/30 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/005 , H05B2206/046 , H05H1/48 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02P40/59 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32
摘要： Methods and apparatus for treating waste are provided. Waste is converted in an arc plasma-joule heated melter system utilizing one or more arc plasma electrodes and a plurality of joule heating electrodes. The arc plasma electrode(s) can be configured for operation utilizing AC or DC power, or for switching between AC and DC power. The arc plasma electrodes can also be configured for independent arc voltage and arc current control. The joule heating circuits are configured for simultaneous operation with the arcing electrodes, but without detrimental interaction with the arcing electrodes. The systems provide stable, non-leachable products and a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel can be utilized in a combustion or non-combustion process to generate electricity.
摘要翻译：提供了处理废物的方法和设备。使用一个或多个电弧等离子体电极和多个焦耳加热电极在电弧等离子体焦耳加热的熔化器系统中转换废物。电弧等离子体电极可以被配置为利用AC或DC电力进行操作，或者用于在AC和DC电力之间切换。电弧等离子体电极也可以配置为独立的电弧电压和电弧电流控制。焦耳加热电路被配置为与电弧电极同时操作，但是与电弧电极没有有害的相互作用。该系统提供稳定的，不可浸出的产品和气体燃料。气体燃料可用于燃烧或非燃烧过程以发电。

20. 发明授权

US6037560A Enhanced tunable plasma-melter vitrification systems 有权
公开(公告)号：US6037560A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US158361
申请日：1998-09-22
申请人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
发明人： Charles H. Titus , Daniel R. Cohn , Jeffrey E. Surma
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , A62D101/45 , A62D101/47 , B01D53/34 , B09B3/00 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/26 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/00 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/08 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/00 , F27D11/08 , H05B3/00 , H05B7/00 , H05B7/20 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： A62D3/19 , A62D3/32 , B01D53/34 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/02 , C03B5/021 , C03B5/025 , C03B5/0275 , C03B5/12 , C03B5/185 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/2353 , C03B5/26 , C03B5/262 , C03B5/265 , C10B19/00 , C10B53/00 , C10B53/07 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/57 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/08 , F02B43/00 , F02C3/28 , F02G5/00 , F02G5/02 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/085 , F23G7/003 , H05B3/0004 , H05B7/00 , H05H1/48 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1634 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1675 , F23G2201/301 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/701 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2209/18 , F23G2209/20 , F23G2209/281 , F23G2900/51001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/143 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/55 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The present invention provides tunable waste conversion systems and apparatus which have the advantage of highly robust operation and which provide complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The systems provide the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be disposed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In the preferred embodiment, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of both the arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The preferred configuration of this embodiment of the invention utilizes two arc plasma electrodes with an elongated chamber for the molten pool such that the molten pool is capable of providing conducting paths between electrodes. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced use or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a net energy or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production. Methods and apparatus for converting metals, non-glass forming waste streams and low-ash producing inorganics into a useful gas are also provided. The methods and apparatus for such conversion include the use of a molten oxide pool having predetermined electrical, thermal and physical characteristics capable of maintaining optimal joule heating and glass forming properties during the conversion process.

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