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1. 发明授权

US09586181B2 Electrodialytic separation of CO2 gas from seawater 有权
标题翻译：二氧化碳气体从海水中电渗析分离
公开(公告)号：US09586181B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-07
申请号：US13177421
申请日：2011-07-06
申请人： Matthew D. Eisaman , Karl Littau
发明人： Matthew D. Eisaman , Karl Littau
IPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C02F1/469 , C02F103/08
CPC分类号： B01D61/445 , B01D2311/18 , B01D2311/2626 , B01D2311/2653 , C02F1/4693 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2201/4618 , Y02A20/134 , Y02C10/04 , Y02C10/06
摘要： A method comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified and basified and dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution. A method for desorbing CO2 from an ocean comprises flowing seawater and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the seawater out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the seawater. A method for producing a desalted solution and CO2 gas comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus that includes one or more three-compartment cells, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified, basified, and desalted, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution.
摘要翻译：一种方法包括将工艺溶液和电极溶液流入BPMED装置，施加电压使得工艺溶液酸化和碱化并产生溶解的CO 2，使工艺溶液流出设备，并将CO 2从工艺溶液中解吸出来。从海洋中解吸CO 2的方法包括将海水和电极溶液流入BPMED装置，施加电压使得溶解的CO 2产生，将海水从设备中流出，并将CO 2从海水中解吸。一种生产脱盐溶液和二氧化碳气体的方法包括将工艺溶液和电极溶液流入包括一个或多个三室电池的BPMED装置中，施加电压使得该工艺溶液被酸化，碱化和脱盐，从设备中解出来，并将二氧化碳从工艺解决方案中解脱出来。

2. 发明申请

US20130008792A1 ELECTRODIALYTIC SEPARATION OF CO2 GAS FROM SEAWATER 有权
标题翻译：二氧化碳从海水中的电化学分离
公开(公告)号：US20130008792A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-10
申请号：US13177421
申请日：2011-07-06
申请人： Matthew D. Eisaman , Karl Littau
发明人： Matthew D. Eisaman , Karl Littau
IPC分类号： C02F1/469 , B01D61/44 , C02F103/08
CPC分类号： B01D61/445 , B01D2311/18 , B01D2311/2626 , B01D2311/2653 , C02F1/4693 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2201/4618 , Y02A20/134 , Y02C10/04 , Y02C10/06
摘要： A method comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified and basified and dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution. A method for desorbing CO2 from an ocean comprises flowing seawater and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the seawater out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the seawater. A method for producing a desalted solution and CO2 gas comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus that includes one or more three-compartment cells, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified, basified, and desalted, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution.
摘要翻译：一种方法包括将工艺溶液和电极溶液流入BPMED装置，施加电压使得工艺溶液酸化和碱化并产生溶解的CO 2，使工艺溶液流出设备，并将CO 2从工艺溶液中解吸出来。从海洋中解吸CO 2的方法包括将海水和电极溶液流入BPMED装置，施加电压使得溶解的CO 2产生，将海水从设备中流出，并将CO 2从海水中解吸。一种生产脱盐溶液和二氧化碳气体的方法包括将工艺溶液和电极溶液流入包括一个或多个三室电池的BPMED装置中，施加电压使得该工艺溶液被酸化，碱化和脱盐，从设备中解出来，并将二氧化碳从工艺解决方案中解脱出来。

3. 发明申请

US20060112985A1 Heterojunction photovoltaic cell 失效
标题翻译：异质结光伏电池
公开(公告)号：US20060112985A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-01
申请号：US11001330
申请日：2004-12-01
申请人： Thomas Hantschel , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
发明人： Thomas Hantschel , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
IPC分类号： H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/1828 , H01L31/03529 , H01L31/073 , Y02E10/543 , Y02P70/521
摘要： In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a solar photovoltaic device is disclosed. The semiconductor material of the solar photovoltaic device is a heterostructure of two different binary compounds of the same metal. One or both of the two different binary compounds of the same metal are doped so that they have a conduction band edge offset of greater than about 0.4 eV. The binary compound acting as the optical absorbing material of the solar photovoltaic device has a bandgap of about 1.0 eV to about 1.8 eV.
摘要翻译：根据本公开的一个方面，公开了一种太阳能光伏器件。太阳能光伏器件的半导体材料是相同金属的两种不同二元化合物的异质结构。掺杂相同金属的两种不同二元化合物中的一种或两种，使得它们具有大于约0.4eV的导带边缘偏移。用作太阳能光伏器件的光吸收材料的二元化合物具有约1.0eV至约1.8eV的带隙。

4. 发明申请

US20050134153A1 Piezoelectric diaphragm structure with outer edge electrode 失效
标题翻译：压电膜片结构，外缘电极
公开(公告)号：US20050134153A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-23
申请号：US10739478
申请日：2003-12-18
申请人： John Bachellerie , Steven Buhler , John Fitch , Meng Lean , Karl Littau
发明人： John Bachellerie , Steven Buhler , John Fitch , Meng Lean , Karl Littau
IPC分类号： H01L41/047 , H01L41/09
CPC分类号： H01L41/0973 , H01L41/047
摘要： A multi-electrode piezoelectric diaphragm structure includes a diaphragm, piezoelectric material located on the diaphragm, which is defined as having a first area, and a second area. The first area of the piezoelectric is poled in a first direction, and the second area of the piezoelectric is poled in a second direction. The poled first direction is in a Z-axis of the piezoelectric and the poled second direction is in a Radial axis of the piezoelectric. A first electrode is positioned in the first area, on the first surface, of the piezoelectric. A second electrode is positioned in the second area, on the first surface, of the piezoelectric. A third electrode is located on a second surface of the piezoelectric. The application of voltages to the first, second and third electrodes generates electric fields in the piezoelectric material resulting in actuation of the piezoelectric material, or the application of pressure or strain to the diaphragm generates electric potentials at the first, second and third electrodes.
摘要翻译：多电极压电膜结构包括隔膜，位于膜片上的压电材料，其被定义为具有第一区域，第二区域。压电体的第一区域沿第一方向极化，并且压电体的第二区域在第二方向上极化。极化的第一方向在压电体的Z轴上，并且极化的第二方向处于压电体的径向轴线。第一电极位于压电体的第一表面的第一区域中。第二电极位于压电体的第一表面的第二区域中。第三电极位于压电体的第二表面上。施加电压到第一，第二和第三电极在压电材料中产生电场，导致压电材料的致动，或施加压力或应变到隔膜在第一，第二和第三电极处产生电位。

5. 发明申请

US20120153211A1 INTERDIGITATED ELECTRODE DEVICE 有权
标题翻译：间断电极器件
公开(公告)号：US20120153211A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：US12972384
申请日：2010-12-17
申请人： David K. Fork , Karl Littau
发明人： David K. Fork , Karl Littau
IPC分类号： H01B1/00 , H01M4/04
CPC分类号： H01B1/00 , B29C47/0019 , B29C47/065 , B29C47/705 , B29C47/707 , H01G11/26 , H01G11/86 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/0411 , H01M4/8626 , H01M4/8864 , H01M12/06 , Y02E60/13 , Y02E60/50
摘要： An electrode structure has a layer of at least two interdigitated materials, a first material being an electrically conductive material and a second material being an ionically conductive material, the materials residing co-planarly on a membrane in fluid form, at least one of the interdigitated materials forming a feature having an aspect ratio greater than one. A method of forming an electrode structure includes merging flows of an electrically conductive material and a second material in a first direction into a first combined flow, dividing the first combined flow in a second direction to produce at least two separate flows, each separate flow including flows of the electrically conductive material and the second material, merging the two separate flows into a second combined flow, repeating the merging and dividing flow as desired to produce a final combined flow, and depositing the final combined flow as an interdigitated structure in fluid form onto a substrate such that at least one of the materials forms a feature in the structure having an aspect ratio greater than one.
摘要翻译：电极结构具有至少两个交叉指向的材料层，第一材料是导电材料，第二材料是离子导电材料，该材料共同平面地位于流体形式的膜上，至少一个交叉指向形成纵横比大于1的特征的材料。形成电极结构的方法包括将第一方向上的导电材料和第二材料的流动合并成第一组合流，将第一组合流沿第二方向分开以产生至少两个单独的流，每个分离的流包括导电材料和第二材料的流动，将两个分离的流合并成第二组合流，根据需要重复合并和分流以产生最终的组合流，并将最终的组合流作为交错结构沉积成流体形式使得至少一种材料形成具有大于1的纵横比的结构中的特征。

6. 发明申请

US20060211217A1 METHODS FOR MAKING LARGE DIMENSION, FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC TAPES 有权
标题翻译：制造大尺寸，柔性压电陶瓷带的方法
公开(公告)号：US20060211217A1
公开(公告)日：2006-09-21
申请号：US11017470
申请日：2004-12-20
申请人： Baomin Xu , Steven Buhler , William Wong , Michael Weisberg , Scott Solberg , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
发明人： Baomin Xu , Steven Buhler , William Wong , Michael Weisberg , Scott Solberg , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
IPC分类号： H01L21/30
CPC分类号： G01N29/245 , B06B1/0622 , G01L1/16 , G01N29/2475 , G01N2291/02827 , G01N2291/2694 , H01L27/20 , H01L41/313 , H01L41/314 , H01L41/47
摘要： A method for producing a detection/test tape includes depositing a material onto a surface of at least one first substrate to form a plurality of element structures. Electrodes are deposited on a surface of each of the plurality of element structures, and the element structures are bonded to a second substrate, where the second substrate is conductive or has a conductive layer, and the second substrate is carried on a carrier plate. The at least one first substrate is removed from the element structures and second side electrodes are deposited on a second surface of each of the plurality of element structures. An insulative material is inserted around the element structures to electrically isolate the two substrates used to bond the element structures. A second side of the element structures is then bonded to another substrate, where the other substrate is conductive or has a conductive layer. Thereafter, the carrier plate carrying the second substrate is removed.
摘要翻译：一种用于制造检测/测试带的方法包括将材料沉积在至少一个第一基底的表面上以形成多个元件结构。电极沉积在多个元件结构中的每一个的表面上，并且元件结构被结合到第二衬底，其中第二衬底是导电的或具有导电层，并且第二衬底承载在载体板上。从元件结构中去除至少一个第一衬底，并且将第二侧电极沉积在多个元件结构中的每一个的第二表面上。绝缘材料插入在元件结构周围以电隔离用于结合元件结构的两个基板。然后将元件结构的第二面接合到另一个衬底，其中另一个衬底是导电的或具有导电层。此后，移除携带第二基板的承载板。

7. 发明申请

US20060130890A1 Heterojunction photovoltaic cell 审中-公开
标题翻译：异质结光伏电池
公开(公告)号：US20060130890A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-22
申请号：US11017380
申请日：2004-12-20
申请人： Thomas Hantschel , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
发明人： Thomas Hantschel , Karl Littau , Scott Elrod
IPC分类号： H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/072 , H01L31/186 , Y02E10/50 , Y02P70/521
摘要： In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a solar photovoltaic device is disclosed. The semiconductor material of the solar photovoltaic device is a heterostructure of two different binary compounds of a pair of immiscible metals. The two different binary compounds have a conduction band edge offset of greater than about 0.4 eV. The binary compound acting as the optical absorbing material of the solar photovoltaic device has a bandgap of about 1.0 eV to about 1.8 eV.
摘要翻译：根据本公开的一个方面，公开了一种太阳能光伏器件。太阳能光伏器件的半导体材料是两种不混合金属的两种不同二元化合物的异质结构。两种不同的二元化合物具有大于约0.4eV的导带边缘偏移。用作太阳能光伏器件的光吸收材料的二元化合物具有约1.0eV至约1.8eV的带隙。

8. 发明申请

US20050136543A1 Osmotic reaction detector for monitoring biological and non-biological reactions 有权
标题翻译：用于监测生物和非生物反应的渗透反应检测器
公开(公告)号：US20050136543A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-23
申请号：US10739852
申请日：2003-12-18
申请人： Francisco Torres , Karl Littau , Eric Shrader
发明人： Francisco Torres , Karl Littau , Eric Shrader
IPC分类号： G01N13/04 , G01N33/48 , G01N37/00 , G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N13/04 , G01N7/10 , Y10T436/11
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the presence or absence of reaction between a first and second material of interest by measuring osmotic pressure changes in a reaction cell. The reaction cell is capable of measuring the small changes in pressure that occur due to osmotic pressure shifts during a catalytic or binding reaction at species concentrations down to approximately 10−7 M.
摘要翻译：一种通过测量反应池中的渗透压变化来测量感兴趣的第一和第二材料之间是否存在反应的方法和装置。反应池能够测量在催化或结合反应期间由于渗透压移动而产生的压力变化的小变化，其浓度低至约10 -7 M。

9. 发明授权

US06423949B1 Multi-zone resistive heater 有权
公开(公告)号：US06423949B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-23
申请号：US09314845
申请日：1999-05-19
申请人： Steven Aihua Chen , Henry Ho , Michael X. Yang , Bruce W. Peuse , Karl Littau , Yu Chang
发明人： Steven Aihua Chen , Henry Ho , Michael X. Yang , Bruce W. Peuse , Karl Littau , Yu Chang
IPC分类号： H05B368
CPC分类号： H01L21/67103
摘要： A heating apparatus including a stage comprising a surface having an area to support a wafer and a body, a shaft coupled to the stage, and a first and a second heating element. The first heating element is disposed within a first plane of the body of the stage. The second heating element is disposed within a second plane of the body of the stage at a greater distance from the surface of the stage than the first heating element. A reactor comprising a chamber, a resistive heater, a first temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor. A resistive heating system for a chemical vapor deposition apparatus comprising a resistive heater. A method of controlling the temperature in a reactor comprising providing a resistive heater in a chamber of a reactor, measuring the temperature with at least two temperature sensors, and controlling the temperature in the reactor by regulating a power supply to the first heating element and the second heating element according to the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

10. 发明授权

US5800686A Chemical vapor deposition chamber with substrate edge protection 失效
标题翻译：化学气相沉积室具有基板边缘保护
公开(公告)号：US5800686A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US200079
申请日：1994-02-23
申请人： Karl Littau , Lawrence Chung-lai Lei
发明人： Karl Littau , Lawrence Chung-lai Lei
IPC分类号： C23C16/44 , C23C16/455 , C23C16/458 , C23C16/46 , H01L21/00 , H01L21/68 , H01L21/687 , C23C16/00
CPC分类号： C23C16/45519 , C23C16/4412 , C23C16/45521 , C23C16/458 , C23C16/4583 , C23C16/4585 , C23C16/46 , H01L21/67103 , H01L21/68 , H01L21/68721 , H01L21/68728 , H01L21/68735 , H01L21/6875 , H01L21/68785 , H01L21/68792 , Y10S438/935
摘要： An improved deposition chamber deposits useful layers on substrates. The improved chamber includes a substrate edge protection system which, in combination with a purge gas, protects selected portions of the edge and underside of the substrate from the deposition gas while preventing the creation of a masked area on the substrate edge. The substrate edge protection system includes a ring, which is received over a substrate received on the substrate support member and which is alignable with the substrate to provide a minimum gap between the edge of the substrate and the ring.
摘要翻译：改进的沉积室将有用的层沉积在基底上。改进的腔室包括衬底边缘保护系统，其与净化气体组合地保护衬底的边缘和下侧的选定部分与沉积气体同时防止在衬底边缘上产生掩蔽区域。衬底边缘保护系统包括环，该环被接收在容纳在衬底支撑构件上的衬底上并且可与衬底对准，以在衬底的边缘和环之间提供最小间隙。

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