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1. 发明授权

US4447874A Apparatus and method for communication of information between processes in an information system 失效
标题翻译：用于在信息系统中的进程之间进行信息通信的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4447874A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-08
申请号：US254185
申请日：1981-04-14
申请人： John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin , David M. Slosberg , Marc Appell , Jean-Claude Cassonnet , Philippe D. De Sabatier
发明人： John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin , David M. Slosberg , Marc Appell , Jean-Claude Cassonnet , Philippe D. De Sabatier
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F12/14 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/54 , G06F12/1491 , G06F9/463
摘要： An apparatus for enabling communication of information between processes being carried out on a computing system. Each process is assigned a control block including a specialized memory element. A process being executed modifies the state of each memory element if it discovers any information of interest to processes awaiting execution. Before the next process is executed, the memory element in its control block is tested to find out if the previously-executed process left any information of interest.
摘要翻译：一种用于在计算系统上执行的进程之间进行信息通信的装置。每个进程被分配一个控制块，其中包含一个专门的存储元件。正在执行的进程如果发现任何感兴趣的信息以处理等待执行，则修改每个存储元件的状态。在执行下一个进程之前，测试其控制块中的存储器元件，以确定先前执行的进程是否留下任何感兴趣的信息。

2. 发明授权

US4177510A Protection of data in an information multiprocessing system by implementing a concept of rings to represent the different levels of privileges among processes 失效
标题翻译：通过实施环的概念来表示流程中不同级别的权限，保护信息多处理系统中的数据
公开(公告)号：US4177510A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US528953
申请日：1974-12-02
申请人： Marc Appell , Georges Lepicard , Philippe-Hubert de Rivet , John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
发明人： Marc Appell , Georges Lepicard , Philippe-Hubert de Rivet , John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
IPC分类号： G06F12/14 , G06F13/00 , G06F9/18 , G06F9/20
CPC分类号： G06F12/1491
摘要： Computer data and procedure protection by preventing processes from intering with each other or sharing each other's address space in an unauthorized manner is accomplished in hardware/firmware by restricting addressability to a segmented memory and by a ring protection mechanism.To protect information in segments shared by several processes from misuse by one of these processes a ring protection hardware system is utilized. There are four ring classes numbered 0 through 3. Each ring represents a level of system privilege with level 0 (the innermost ring) having the most privilege and level 3 (the outermost ring) the least. Every procedure in the system has a minimum and a maximum execute ring number assigned to it which specifies who may legally call the procedure. Also maximum write and read ring numbers specify the maximum ring numbers for which a write and/or read operation is permitted.Processes use a segmented address during execution wherein segment tables isolate the address space of the various processes in the system. Hardware checks that the address used by a process is part of the address space assigned to the process, and if the address is outside the prescribed address space, an exception occurs. A process cannot refer to data within the address space of another process because the hardware uses the segment table of the referencing process.
摘要翻译：通过防止过程彼此干扰或以未经授权的方式共享彼此的地址空间的计算机数据和过程保护通过将可寻址性限制到分段存储器和环保护机制来实现在硬件/固件中。为了保护由多个进程共享的分段中的信息不被这些进程之一的误用，环网保护硬件系统被利用。有四个戒指级别为0到3.每个戒指表示具有最高权限级别0（最内圈）和级别3（最外层）的系统权限级别。系统中的每个过程都具有分配给它的最小和最大执行环号，其中指定谁可以合法地调用该过程。最大写入和读取振铃编号也指定允许写入和/或读取操作的最大振铃数。进程在执行期间使用分段地址，其中分段表隔离系统中各种进程的地址空间。硬件检查进程使用的地址是分配给进程的地址空间的一部分，如果地址在规定的地址空间之外，则会发生异常。进程不能引用另一进程的地址空间内的数据，因为硬件使用引用过程的段表。

3. 发明授权

US4084224A System of controlling procedure execution using process control blocks 失效
标题翻译：使用过程控制块的控制程序执行系统
公开(公告)号：US4084224A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-11
申请号：US529018
申请日：1974-12-02
申请人： Marc Appell , John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
发明人： Marc Appell , John J. Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F9/18
CPC分类号： G06F9/52
摘要： A system and method for computer process control in a multiprogramming/multiprocessing environment is disclosed. Each process in the system is associated with a process control block (PCB) hardware structure which is identified by its logical address (J,P). The PCB acts as a virtual processor with null speed when, in fact, no real processor is assigned to the process. As utilized in a multiprogramming environment a virtual process (PCB) is substituted for the real processor (i.e. central processing unit, CPU) whenever the only job of the processor is to listen for a signal to be sent by another processor and to restitute the real processor to the process when, or after, the signal has arrived. The circumstances where a process starts using a processor solely as an "ear" are as follows:A. when the process state switches from a running state to a waiting state; orB. when the process state switches from a running state to a suspended state.In both instances the CPU is given away and replaced by the PCB.

4. 发明授权

US4297743A Call and stack mechanism for procedures executing in different rings 失效
标题翻译：用于在不同环中执行的过程的调用和堆栈机制
公开(公告)号：US4297743A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-27
申请号：US744814
申请日：1976-11-24
申请人： Marc Appell , Jean-Louis Bogaert , Claude Massuard , John Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
发明人： Marc Appell , Jean-Louis Bogaert , Claude Massuard , John Bradley , Benjamin S. Franklin
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F9/42 , G06F9/44 , G06F9/48
CPC分类号： G06F9/4426
摘要： A procedure call mechanism implemented by hardware instructions and a hardware recognizable mechanism known as a stack. A procedure call is utilized by users who have written their programs in a modular way to pass from one program module to another, it is used by user programs to avail themselves of operating system services, and it is used by the operating system itself to achieve a responsive modular structure. The stack is a mechanism permitting the above to be done. A stack is a segment of memory and comprises a number of contiguous portions, known as stack-frames, which are accessed in last in, first out LIFO fashion. Each procedure call creates a stack frame, with subsequent procedure calls creating new stack frames; each exit deletes stack frames thus "popping up" a previous stack-frame. Thus a history of calls is correctly maintained in order to allow a return.
摘要翻译：由硬件指令和称为堆栈的硬件可识别机制实现的过程调用机制。以程序模块化方式将用户程序从一个程序模块传递到另一个程序模块的用户使用过程调用，由用户程序用于使用操作系统服务，并由操作系统自身使用响应模块化结构。堆栈是允许上述操作的机制。堆栈是存储器的一部分，并且包括被称为堆栈帧的多个连续部分，其以最后的LIFO方式被访问。每个过程调用创建一个堆栈帧，随后的过程调用创建新的堆栈帧; 每个出口删除堆栈帧，从而“弹出”先前的堆栈帧。因此，正确维护呼叫历史以允许返回。

5. 发明授权

US4077058A Method and apparatus for executing an extended decor instruction 失效
标题翻译：用于执行扩展装饰指令的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4077058A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-28
申请号：US529257
申请日：1974-12-02
申请人： Marc Appell , Jacques Michel Jean Bienvenu , Jean-Claude Marcel Cassonnet , Georges Lepicard
发明人： Marc Appell , Jacques Michel Jean Bienvenu , Jean-Claude Marcel Cassonnet , Georges Lepicard
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/46 , G06F9/48 , G06F9/18
CPC分类号： G06F9/4825 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/463 , G06F9/4837 , G06F9/4843
摘要： A multiprogrammable/multiprocessing digital computer system having a process control block for each process in the system, wherein each process control block includes information which specifies the state of a processor at any given time. Associated with each process control block is a decor extension table having information to indicate whether a specified function, such as the emulation of another processor, may be executed in the system. A native mode instruction indicating a specified function for either one instruction or for a plurality of instructions, is first checked to determine proper format, after which a determination is made by means of the decor extension table, as to whether or not the system is capable of executing the specified function indicated by the native mode instruction. If such native mode is not erroneous and if there is a positive indication of executability of the specified function by the system, then the particular specified function, such as the emulation mode of another processor, is activated.
摘要翻译：一种具有用于系统中的每个过程的过程控制块的多程序/多处理数字计算机系统，其中每个过程控制块包括在任何给定时间指定处理器的状态的信息。与每个过程控制块相关联的是具有指示是否可以在系统中执行诸如其他处理器的仿真的指定功能的信息的装配扩展表。首先检查指示一个指令或多个指令的指定功能的本地模式指令，以确定适当的格式，之后通过装饰扩展表进行确定，以确定系统是否能够执行由本机模式指令指定的指定功能。如果这种本地模式不是错误的，并且如果系统具有指定功能的可执行性的肯定指示，则激活特定的指定功能，例如另一个处理器的仿真模式。

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