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1. 发明授权

US5510641A Majority carrier power diode 失效
标题翻译：多数载波功率二极管
公开(公告)号：US5510641A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US40920
申请日：1993-03-31
申请人： Hsian-Pei Yee , Peter O. Lauritzen , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Hsian-Pei Yee , Peter O. Lauritzen , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： H01L29/78 , H01L29/06 , H01L29/861 , H01L29/76
CPC分类号： H01L29/861 , H01L29/0696 , H01L29/7802
摘要： A power diode having substantially no reverse-recovery time and relatively high conductance. The power diode is a majority carrier semiconductor having a structure that is similar to that of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), in that it includes a source, a drain, a gate, and a body. In one embodiment, to increase conductance of the power diode, a linked-cell configuration that reverses the geometry of a conventional cell-type MOSFET is employed, thereby increasing the width of a conductance channel over that of a conventional MOSFET, and compensating for a relatively low level of inversion in the channel region. Negative and positive feedback circuits are used to further improve the conductance of the power diode by dynamically setting a bias voltage applied between the gate and the source to a level just below a threshold voltage. In the positive feedback circuit, the magnitude of the bias voltage is greater than the threshold voltage if the power diode is forward biased, but substantially reduced if the power diode is reverse biased, thereby minimizing its turn-on delay without risking reverse conductance. Although separate components are used for biasing the device in the disclosed embodiments, it is contemplated that these components be integrated on a common substrate with the source, drain, and gate in a commercially practiced preferred embodiment. Another embodiment employs a charge carrier region diffused into the body and at least in part underlying the gate. This region provides a variable threshold voltage along the channel and reduces the effective length of the channel to increase its conductance. A threshold voltage ranges between a higher value, V.sub.TMAX, adjacent the source, to a lower value, V.sub.T, elsewhere in the device.
摘要翻译：功率二极管基本上没有反向恢复时间和相对高的电导率。功率二极管是具有类似于金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）的结构的多数载流子半导体，其包括源极，漏极，栅极和主体。在一个实施例中，为了增加功率二极管的电导，采用反转常规电池型MOSFET的几何形状的连接电池配置，从而增加电导通道的宽度超过常规MOSFET的宽度，并补偿通道区域反相水平相对较低。负和正反馈电路用于通过将施加在栅极和源极之间的偏置电压动态地设置到刚好低于阈值电压的电平来进一步提高功率二极管的电导。在正反馈电路中，如果功率二极管正向偏置，则偏置电压的大小大于阈值电压，但如果功率二极管被反向偏置，则极大地减小，从而使其导通延迟最小化，而不会产生反向导通风险。虽然在所公开的实施例中使用单独的部件来偏置器件，但是可以设想，在商业上实践的优选实施例中，这些部件在源极，漏极和栅极上集成在公共衬底上。另一个实施例采用扩散到体内并至少部分地位于栅极下方的电荷载体区域。该区域沿着通道提供可变的阈值电压并且减小通道的有效长度以增加其电导。阈值电压范围在与源相邻的较高值VTMAX之间，设备的其他位置的VT值较低。

2. 发明授权

US06480282B1 Capillary surface plasmon resonance sensors and multisensors 失效
标题翻译：毛细管表面等离子体共振传感器和多传感器
公开(公告)号：US06480282B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09566772
申请日：2000-05-08
申请人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N2105
CPC分类号： G01N21/0303 , G01N21/05 , G01N21/553 , G01N21/65 , G01N2021/0346
摘要： SPR sensors and multisensors having capillary geometry. Sensors have a capillary substrate in which at least a portion of the inside surface of the capillary is provided with an SPR-sensing area. Samples for analysis are introduced into the capillary cavity. SPR is measured by radially illuminated the capillary SPR-sensing area with light having a TM-polarized component. Light reflected from the SPR-sensing area exiting radially from the capillary is detected at selected angles to obtain reflectivity as a function of incidence angle to determine RI of the sample in the vicinity of the SPR-sensing area. The capillary geometry is readily adaptable to simultaneous measurement of several optical properties of a given sample in addition to SPR by radial and/or axial illumination of the sample. Multisensors with capillary geometry which simultaneously measure SPR and bulk RI are provided. Multisensors which combine SPR measurements with fluorescence or chemiluminescence, Raman scattering, or absorption measurements are also provided.
摘要翻译：具有毛细管几何形状的SPR传感器和多传感器。传感器具有毛细管基底，其中毛细管的内表面的至少一部分设置有SPR感测区域。用于分析的样品被引入毛细管腔。通过用具有TM偏振分量的光径向照射毛细管SPR感测区域来测量SPR。以选定的角度检测从径向从毛细管出射的SPR感测区反射的光，以获得作为入射角的函数的反射率，以确定SPR感测区域附近的样品的RI。通过样品的径向和/或轴向照射，除了SPR之外，毛细管几何形状容易适用于同时测量给定样品的几种光学性质。提供了同时测量SPR和体积RI的毛细管几何的多传感器。还提供了将SPR测量与荧光或化学发光，拉曼散射或吸收测量相结合的多传感器。

3. 发明授权

US5991048A Surface plasmon resonance light pipe sensor 失效
标题翻译：表面等离子体共振光管传感器
公开(公告)号：US5991048A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US738360
申请日：1996-10-25
申请人： Scott Karlson , Sinclair S. Yee , Kyle Johnston , Ralph Jorgenson
发明人： Scott Karlson , Sinclair S. Yee , Kyle Johnston , Ralph Jorgenson
IPC分类号： G01N21/55 , G01N21/77 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/24 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： G01N21/553 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/24 , G02B6/2826
摘要： The present invention provides SPR sensors in which the sensing element is a planar lightpipe. The sensors of this invention include configurations which employ multiwavelength light incident on the SPR sensing area at a single angle or at a range of angles. Sensors of this invention also include configurations that employ monochromatic light at a range of angles. Many of the configurations of the SPR lightpipe sensors of this invention involve imaging of input light through the lightpipe. In one embodiment, the invention provides a first order SPR sensor system in which the sensing element is a planar lightpipe. Light coupled into the lightpipe reflects off an SPR sensing area positioned on an external surface planar surface of the lightpipe. Multiwavelength light that is coupled into the lightpipe input face at a range of angles propagates through the lightpipe by total internal reflection (TIR), making multiple reflections, and exits in a series of angular bands each containing spectral information (including SPR features)for a small range of incidence angles. A detector or detectors are positioned to measure the reflection spectrum, including any surface plasmon resonance feature, of one or preferably more than one of the angular bands exiting the lightpipe. SPR sensor configurations include those that have multiple sensing channels and those which can be multiplexed. This invention provides SPR sensors with planar lightpipe sensing elements and method of detecting analytes in samples using these sensors. The invention also provides planar lightpipe that have a plurality of SPR sensing layers on a planar surface.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了SPR传感器，其中感测元件是平面光管。本发明的传感器包括采用在单个角度或角度范围内入射到SPR感测区域的多波长光的配置。本发明的传感器还包括采用角度范围内的单色光的构造。本发明的SPR光管传感器的许多配置涉及通过光管对输入光的成像。在一个实施例中，本发明提供了第一级SPR传感器系统，其中感测元件是平面光管。耦合到光管中的光从位于光管的外表面平面上的SPR感测区域反射出来。以一定范围的角度耦合到光管输入面中的多波长光通过全内反射（TIR）传播通过光管，进行多次反射，并在一系列角频带中退出，每个角带包含光谱信息（包括SPR特征），用于入射角范围小。定位检测器或检测器以测量离开光管的一个或优选多于一个角带的反射光谱，包括任何表面等离子体共振特征。 SPR传感器配置包括具有多个感测通道的那些，以及可复用的那些。本发明提供具有平面光管感测元件的SPR传感器以及使用这些传感器检测样品中的分析物的方法。本发明还提供了在平坦表面上具有多个SPR感测层的平面光管。

4. 发明授权

US5359681A Fiber optic sensor and methods and apparatus relating thereto 失效
标题翻译：光纤传感器及其相关的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5359681A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US3224
申请日：1993-01-11
申请人： Ralph C. Jorgenson , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Ralph C. Jorgenson , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N21/27 , G01N21/43 , G01N21/55 , G01N33/543 , G02B6/02 , G01J3/42 , H01J5/16
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N21/553 , G01N2021/433
摘要： There is disclosed fiber optic sensor which detects a sample in contact with the sensor by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, as well as methods and apparatus relating thereto. The fiber optic SPR sensor of this invention employs a limited range of incident angles and uses incident light having multiple wavelengths. In preferred embodiments, both an in-line transmission-based fiber optic SPR sensor and a terminated reflection-based fiber optic SPR sensor are disclosed. The fiber optic SPR sensor includes a surface plasmon supporting metal layer in contact with an exposed portion of the optical fiber core, and may optionally contain one or more additional layers deposited on the surface plasmon supporting metal layer. In further embodiments, methods are disclosed for detecting a sample by contacting the sample with the fiber optic SPR sensor of this invention, as well as sensing apparatus which contain the fiber optic SPR sensor in combination with a source of electromagnetic radiation of multiple wavelengths and a detection device.
摘要翻译：公开了通过表面等离子体共振（SPR）测量来检测与传感器接触的样品的光纤传感器以及与其相关的方法和装置。本发明的光纤SPR传感器采用有限范围的入射角并使用具有多个波长的入射光。在优选实施例中，公开了基于在线传输的光纤SPR传感器和端接的基于反射的光纤SPR传感器。光纤SPR传感器包括与光纤芯的暴露部分接触的表面等离子体支撑金属层，并且可任选地包含沉积在表面等离子体支撑金属层上的一个或多个附加层。在另外的实施例中，公开了用于通过使样品与本发明的光纤SPR传感器接触来检测样品的方法，以及包含与多个波长的电磁辐射源组合的光纤SPR传感器的感测装置，以及检测装置

5. 发明授权

US08174700B2 Portable and cartridge-based surface plasmon resonance sensing systems 有权
标题翻译：便携式和基于盒式的表面等离子体共振传感系统
公开(公告)号：US08174700B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-08
申请号：US13016788
申请日：2011-01-28
申请人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/553 , G01N2201/04
摘要： This specification discloses various improvements in the field of SPR sensing systems. One improvement relates to a portable SPR sensing system, e.g., a system contained within a suitcase that can be hand-carried to a monitoring site. Another improvement relates to a portable, cartridge-based SPR sensing system. In this system, selected portions of the system's electrical and fluidics systems are allocated between a base unit and a removable/disposable cartridge. Other improvements relate to methods or protocols for operating an SPR sensing system. Such methods provide for the elimination of false positives and increased sensitivity, e.g., by using secondary antibodies with specificity for different target epitopes and by sensor element redundancy. In addition, protocols are provided for the detection of small molecules. Such protocols may employ a competition type assay where the presence of the analyte inhibits the binding of antibodies to surface immobilized analyte, or a displacement assay, where antibodies bound to the analyte on the sensor surface are displaced by free analyte.
摘要翻译：本说明书公开了SPR传感系统领域的各种改进。一个改进涉及便携式SPR感测系统，例如，可以手提携带到监控地点的手提箱内的系统。另一项改进涉及一种便携式，基于盒式SPR感测系统。在该系统中，系统的电和流体系统的选定部分被分配在基本单元和可移动/一次性盒之间。其他改进涉及用于操作SPR感测系统的方法或协议。这样的方法提供消除假阳性和提高灵敏度，例如通过使用对不同靶标表位具有特异性的二级抗体以及通过传感器元件冗余。此外，提供了用于检测小分子的方案。这样的方案可以采用竞争型测定法，其中分析物的存在抑制抗体与表面固定化分析物的结合，或位移测定法，其中与传感器表面上的分析物结合的抗体被游离分析物置换。

6. 发明申请

US20110128548A1 Portable and Cartridge-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Systems 有权
标题翻译：便携式和基于盒式的表面等离子体共振传感系统
公开(公告)号：US20110128548A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-02
申请号：US13016788
申请日：2011-01-28
申请人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N21/55
CPC分类号： G01N21/553 , G01N2201/04
摘要： This specification discloses various improvements in the field of SPR sensing systems. One improvement relates to a portable SPR sensing system, e.g., a system contained within a suitcase that can be hand-carried to a monitoring site. Another improvement relates to a portable, cartridge-based SPR sensing system. In this system, selected portions of the system's electrical and fluidics systems are allocated between a base unit and a removable/disposable cartridge. Other improvements relate to methods or protocols for operating an SPR sensing system. Such methods provide for the elimination of false positives and increased sensitivity, e.g., by using secondary antibodies with specificity for different target epitopes and by sensor element redundancy. In addition, protocols are provided for the detection of small molecules. Such protocols may employ a competition type assay where the presence of the analyte inhibits the binding of antibodies to surface immobilized analyte, or a displacement assay, where antibodies bound to the analyte on the sensor surface are displaced by free analyte.
摘要翻译：本说明书公开了SPR传感系统领域的各种改进。一个改进涉及便携式SPR感测系统，例如，可以手提携带到监控地点的手提箱内的系统。另一项改进涉及一种便携式，基于盒式SPR感测系统。在该系统中，系统的电和流体系统的选定部分被分配在基本单元和可移动/一次性盒之间。其他改进涉及用于操作SPR感测系统的方法或协议。这样的方法提供消除假阳性和提高灵敏度，例如通过使用对不同靶标表位具有特异性的二级抗体以及通过传感器元件冗余。此外，提供了用于检测小分子的方案。这样的方案可以采用竞争型测定法，其中分析物的存在抑制抗体与表面固定化分析物的结合，或位移测定法，其中与传感器表面上的分析物结合的抗体被游离分析物置换。

7. 发明授权

US5858799A Surface plasmon resonance chemical electrode 失效
标题翻译：表面等离子体共振化学电极
公开(公告)号：US5858799A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US738445
申请日：1996-10-25
申请人： Sinclair S. Yee , Chuck C. Jung , Stevan B. Saban , Robert B. Darling
发明人： Sinclair S. Yee , Chuck C. Jung , Stevan B. Saban , Robert B. Darling
IPC分类号： G01N21/55 , G01N27/416
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N21/553 , G01N27/42
摘要： This disclosure describes new methods and devices for sensing redox-active analytes in solution. The invention combines a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor and a chemical electrode sensor. A conducting layer which supports SPR is attached to a voltage source. The voltage source is also connected to a reference electrode, which is in the aqueous solution with the SPR sensor. As the voltage is varied, the analytes undergo oxidation and reduction at the surface of the conducting film. The current is measured, just as it would be in a standard chemical electrode, with current peaks appearing at different potentials indicating different ions in the solution. Unlike a standard chemical electrode, the surface of the conducting film is also used to excite a surface plasmon wave (SPW). The SPW provides new information which is not available from any standard chemical electrode, such as the effective index of refraction at the surface of the conducting film as the analytes are being oxidized and/or reduced. This additional source of information can be used to minimize the effects of overlapping stripping peaks and interspecies compound formation as well as determine the thickness of surface layers during measurements. Additionally, the simultaneous determination of reaction properties and optical properties of reaction products can provide additional information about the aqueous support solution such as the quantity and types of natural oxidants in solution, such as oxygen or hydroxides. The formation of oxides and hydroxides will lead to measurably different optical properties.
摘要翻译：本公开描述了用于在溶液中感测氧化还原活性分析物的新方法和装置。本发明结合了表面等离子体共振（SPR）传感器和化学电极传感器。支持SPR的导电层连接到电压源。电压源也连接到参考电极，参考电极与SPR传感器在水溶液中。随着电压的变化，分析物在导电膜的表面经历氧化和还原。测量电流，就像在标准化学电极中一样，电流峰出现在不同的电位，表示溶液中的不同离子。与标准化学电极不同，导电膜的表面也用于激发表面等离子体波（SPW）。 SPW提供了不能从任何标准化学电极获得的新信息，例如当分析物被氧化和/或还原时在导电膜的表面处的有效折射率。这种额外的信息来源可用于最小化重叠剥离峰和种间化合物形成的影响，以及确定测量期间表面层的厚度。此外，反应产物的反应性质和光学性质的同时测定可以提供关于水性载体溶液的附加信息，例如溶液中的天然氧化剂的量和类型，例如氧气或氢氧化物。氧化物和氢氧化物的形成将导致可测量的不同的光学性质。

8. 发明授权

US4786396A Ion electrode and method of making it 失效
标题翻译：离子电极及其制作方法
公开(公告)号：US4786396A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-22
申请号：US067513
申请日：1987-06-26
申请人： Sinclair S. Yee , Hong Jin , Lawrence K. Lam
发明人： Sinclair S. Yee , Hong Jin , Lawrence K. Lam
IPC分类号： G01N27/333 , G01N27/36 , G01N27/30
CPC分类号： G01N27/36 , G01N27/333
摘要： A liquid junction electrode 10 formed from a silicon body 14 and having a glass membrane 22 attached thereto. A reference electrode is constructed by forming the glass membrane 22 from porous glass having a preferable pore size in the range of 40 angstroms to 75 angstroms. The porous glass membrane 22 has a coating 24 of glass containing mobile ions that is electrostatically bonded to the silicon body 14. Alternatively, a glass plug 92 is formed from a paste of ground glass and organic binder that is heated to cause formation of pores and bonding of the glass plug 92 to a silicon body 94. An ion-sensitive electrode is constructed by forming the membrane 52 from an ion-sensitive glass or by filling the pores of the porous glass membrane 22 with an ion-sensitive material.
摘要翻译：由硅体14形成并具有玻璃膜22的液体接合电极10。通过从多孔玻璃形成具有优选孔径在40埃至75埃范围内的玻璃膜22构成参比电极。多孔玻璃膜22具有含有与硅体14静电接合的可移动离子的玻璃涂层24.或者，玻璃塞92由研磨玻璃和有机粘合剂的糊料形成，加热而形成孔，将玻璃塞92与硅主体94接合。离子敏感电极通过从离子敏感玻璃形成膜52或者用离子敏感材料填充多孔玻璃膜22的孔而构成。

9. 发明申请

US20100284012A1 Portable and Cartridge-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Systems 审中-公开
标题翻译：便携式和基于盒式的表面等离子体共振传感系统
公开(公告)号：US20100284012A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-11
申请号：US12699377
申请日：2010-02-03
申请人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Timothy M. Chinowsky , Scott D. Soelberg , Peter C. Kauffman , Clement E. Furlong , Jared Tritz , Michael S. Grow , Alexei N. Naimushin , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N21/55
CPC分类号： G01N21/553 , G01N2201/04
摘要： This specification discloses various improvements in the field of SPR sensing systems. One improvement relates to a portable SPR sensing system, e.g., a system contained within a suitcase that can be hand-carried to a monitoring site. Another improvement relates to a portable, cartridge-based SPR sensing system. In this system, selected portions of the system's electrical and fluidics systems are allocated between a base unit and a removable/disposable cartridge. Other improvements relate to methods or protocols for operating an SPR sensing system. Such methods provide for the elimination of false positives and increased sensitivity, e.g., by using secondary antibodies with specificity for different target epitopes and by sensor element redundancy. In addition, protocols are provided for the detection of small molecules. Such protocols may employ a competition type assay where the presence of the analyte inhibits the binding of antibodies to surface immobilized analyte, or a displacement assay, where antibodies bound to the analyte on the sensor surface are displaced by free analyte.
摘要翻译：本说明书公开了SPR传感系统领域的各种改进。一个改进涉及便携式SPR感测系统，例如，可以手提携带到监控地点的手提箱内的系统。另一项改进涉及一种便携式，基于盒式SPR感测系统。在该系统中，系统的电和流体系统的选定部分被分配在基本单元和可移动/一次性盒之间。其他改进涉及用于操作SPR感测系统的方法或协议。这样的方法提供消除假阳性和提高灵敏度，例如通过使用对不同靶标表位具有特异性的二级抗体以及通过传感器元件冗余。此外，提供了用于检测小分子的方案。这样的方案可以采用竞争型测定法，其中分析物的存在抑制抗体与表面固定化分析物的结合，或位移测定法，其中与传感器表面上的分析物结合的抗体被游离分析物置换。

10. 发明授权

US5835645A Fiber optic sensor and methods and apparatus relating thereto 失效
标题翻译：光纤传感器及其相关的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5835645A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US806268
申请日：1997-02-25
申请人： Ralph C. Jorgenson , Sinclair S. Yee
发明人： Ralph C. Jorgenson , Sinclair S. Yee
IPC分类号： G01N21/27 , G01N21/43 , G01N21/55 , G01N33/543 , G02B6/02 , G01J3/42 , H01J5/16
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N21/553 , G01N2021/433
摘要： There is disclosed fiber optic sensor which detects a sample in contact with the sensor by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, as well as methods and apparatus relating thereto. The fiber optic SPR sensor of this invention employs a limited range of incident angles and uses incident light having multiple wavelengths. In preferred embodiments, both an in-line transmission-based fiber optic SPR sensor and a terminated reflection-based fiber optic SPR sensor are disclosed. The fiber optic SPR sensor includes a surface plasmon supporting metal layer in contact with an exposed portion of the optical fiber core, and may optionally contain one or more additional layers deposited on the surface plasmon supporting metal layer. In further embodiments, methods are disclosed for detecting a sample by contacting the sample with the fiber optic SPR sensor of this invention, as well as sensing apparatus which contain the fiber optic SPR sensor in combination with a source of electromagnetic radiation of multiple wavelengths and a detection device.
摘要翻译：公开了通过表面等离子体共振（SPR）测量来检测与传感器接触的样品的光纤传感器以及与其相关的方法和装置。本发明的光纤SPR传感器采用有限范围的入射角并使用具有多个波长的入射光。在优选实施例中，公开了基于在线传输的光纤SPR传感器和端接的基于反射的光纤SPR传感器。光纤SPR传感器包括与光纤芯的暴露部分接触的表面等离子体支撑金属层，并且可任选地包含沉积在表面等离子体支撑金属层上的一个或多个附加层。在另外的实施例中，公开了用于通过使样品与本发明的光纤SPR传感器接触来检测样品的方法，以及包含与多个波长的电磁辐射源组合的光纤SPR传感器的感测装置，以及检测装置

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