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1. 发明授权

US08389958B2 Up and down conversion systems for production of emitted light from various energy sources 有权
标题翻译：用于生产来自各种能源的发射光的上下转换系统
公开(公告)号：US08389958B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-05
申请号：US12725108
申请日：2010-03-16
申请人： Tuan Vo-Dinh , Jonathan P. Scaffidi , Venkata Gopal Reddy Chada , Benoit Lauly , Yan Zhang , Molly K. Gregas , Ian Nicholas Stanton , Joshua T. Stecher , Michael J. Therien , Frederic A. Bourke, Jr. , Zak Fathi , Jennifer Ann Ayres , Zhenyuan Zhang , Joseph H. Simmons , Stephen John Norton
发明人： Tuan Vo-Dinh , Jonathan P. Scaffidi , Venkata Gopal Reddy Chada , Benoit Lauly , Yan Zhang , Molly K. Gregas , Ian Nicholas Stanton , Joshua T. Stecher , Michael J. Therien , Frederic A. Bourke, Jr. , Zak Fathi , Jennifer Ann Ayres , Zhenyuan Zhang , Joseph H. Simmons , Stephen John Norton
IPC分类号： G01J1/58
CPC分类号： F21K2/00 , A61L2/08 , A61L2202/22 , A61N5/062 , B82Y20/00 , B82Y30/00 , G01N21/63 , G02B5/003 , G02F2/02 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/256
摘要： A system for energy upconversion and/or down conversion and a system for producing a photostimulated reaction in a medium. These systems include 1) a nanoparticle configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength λ1 of radiation, to generate a second wavelength λ2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength λ1 and 2) a metallic structure disposed in relation to the nanoparticle. A physical characteristic of the metallic structure is set to a value where a surface plasmon resonance in the metallic structure resonates at a frequency which provides a spectral overlap with either the first wavelength λ1 or the second wavelength λ2, or with both λ1 and λ2. The system for producing a photostimulated reaction in a medium includes a receptor disposed in the medium in proximity to the nanoparticle which, upon activation by the second wavelength λ2, generates the photostimulated reaction.
摘要翻译：一种用于能量上转换和/或下转换的系统和用于在介质中产生光刺激反应的系统。这些系统包括1）在暴露于辐射的第一波长λ1时配置的纳米颗粒，以产生具有比第一波长λ1更高的能量的辐射的第二波长λ2，和2）相对于纳米颗粒设置的金属结构。金属结构的物理特性被设定为金属结构中的表面等离子体共振在以与第一波长λ1或第二波长λ2或与λ1和λ2两者提供光谱重叠的频率谐振的值。用于在培养基中产生光刺激反应的系统包括设置在接近纳米颗粒的培养基中的受体，其在第二波长λ2激活时产生光刺激反应。

2. 依法登记的发明

USH1296H Optical switching device and parallel processing architecture 失效
标题翻译：光开关器件和并联处理架构
公开(公告)号：USH1296H
公开(公告)日：1994-04-05
申请号：US878182
申请日：1992-04-30
申请人： Joseph H. Simmons , Henry D. Dardy
发明人： Joseph H. Simmons , Henry D. Dardy
IPC分类号： G02F3/00 , G11C7/00 , G11C21/00
CPC分类号： G11C21/00 , G02F3/00 , G11C7/005
摘要： A multiple-faced optical device comprising a light-responsive element having multiple faces, at least two of the faces constituting input faces for receipt of non-collinear light signals and at least one of the faces other than the input faces constituting an output face from which light signals transmitted through the light-responsive element are emitted. The light-responsive element is further configured to have optically-induced non-linear susceptibility to light signals transversely propagated through the light-responsive element such that at least one portion of the light-responsive element switches between two stable optical states in dependence on the total intensity of the light signals within the light-responsive element. The above-described optical device can be configured to perform various operations, such as AND/OR and INVERT/PASS logic operations, data line branching, signal time delay, and memory storage. An array of such devices provides parallel logic processing on a plurality of parallel optical data paths.
摘要翻译：一种多面光学装置，包括具有多个面的光响应元件，至少两个面构成用于接收非共线光信号的输入面，以及除了构成输出面的输入面以外的至少一个面发射通过光响应元件发射的光信号。光响应元件被进一步配置为对通过光响应元件横向传播的光信号具有光学感应的非线性敏感性，使得光响应元件的至少一部分依赖于光响应元件在两个稳定的光学状态之间切换光响应元件内光信号的总强度。上述光学器件可以被配置为执行各种操作，诸如AND / OR和INVERT / PASS逻辑操作，数据线分支，信号时间延迟和存储器存储。这种装置的阵列在多个并行光学数据路径上提供并行逻辑处理。

3. 发明授权

US4544499A Fixation by anion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的阴离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4544499A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-01
申请号：US386215
申请日：1982-06-07
申请人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
发明人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
IPC分类号： G21F9/30 , G21F9/36 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C11/005 , C03C1/002 , C03C1/026 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/305 , G21F9/36 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3411 , C03C2201/3423 , C03C2201/3429 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/54 , C03C2201/60
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive materials, internally in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive anions, and in some cases cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are internally incorporated into a glass matrix, having hydrous organofunctionalsiloxy groups, e.g., hydrous aminoalkylsiloxy or carboxyorganosiloxy, bonded to silicon atoms of said glass and/or hydrous polyvalent metals bonded to silicon atoms of said glass through divalent oxygen linkages or otherwise immobilized therein, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic, radioactive anions with hydroxyl groups attached to said organofunctionalsiloxy groups or with hydroxyl groups attached to the hydrous polyvalent metal. Thereafter, the resulting glass now characterized by a distribution of internally bonded or immobilized, toxic, radioactive anions can be packaged in suitable containers, and disposed of as by burial, and/or they can be sintered to collapse the pores thereof to disposal or for producing useful radiation sources. The porous glass or a porous silica gel having said silicon-bonded organofunctionalsiloxy groups and/or said hydrous polyvalent metal oxy groups, the pores of said glass or silica gel remaining open and uncollapsed, can be used advantageously as a backfill for an underground radioactive waste burial site and as overpack in the waste disposal container. Also included is a novel method for bonding the polyvalent metal to the porous silica glass or gel by substituting the protons of the silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups thereof with an alkali metal or ammonium cation followed by displacement of said cation with the non-radioactive polyvalent metal cation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中内部有毒的例如放射性物质固定极长时间。含有放射性阴离子的放射性废物，以及在某些情况下，可能是液体形式的阳离子或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料内部加入到具有含水官能团的甲硅烷氧基的玻璃基质中，例如，含水氨基烷基甲硅烷氧基或羧基有机基甲硅烷氧基，通过涉及将所述有毒放射性阴离子与所述有机放射性阴离子的离子交换的方法，通过二价氧键键合到所述玻璃的硅原子和/或与所述玻璃的硅原子键合的含水多价金属，连接到所述有机电致甲硅烷氧基基团的羟基或与水合多价金属连接的羟基的羟基。此后，所得玻璃的特征在于内部结合或固定的，有毒的放射性阴离子的分布可以包装在合适的容器中，并通过埋置进行处理，和/或它们可以烧结以将其孔隙塌缩以处理或用于生产有用的辐射源。所述多孔玻璃或多孔硅胶具有所述与硅键合的有机铁氧基甲硅烷氧基和/或所述含水多价金属氧基，所述玻璃或硅胶的孔保持开放和未破裂，可有利地用作地下放射性废物的回填垃圾处理容器内的包装物，还包括一种通过用碱金属或铵阳离子取代与硅键合的羟基的质子，然后用非放射性多价金属置换所述阳离子来将多价金属键合到多孔石英玻璃或凝胶上的新方法阳离子。

4. 发明授权

US4362659A Fixation of radioactive materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：玻璃基质中放射性物质的固定
公开(公告)号：US4362659A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-07
申请号：US76444
申请日：1979-09-17
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03C4/00 , C03C23/00 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/02
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C23/0095 , C03C4/00 , G21F9/305
摘要： This invention relates to radioactive materials which are fixed, stored, entrapped, encapsulated, or otherwise rendered immobile in a glass matrix for extremely long periods of time. Radioactive material such as radioactive wastes are incorporated into a glass matrix by a process of "molecular stuffing" a porous glass either with a radioactive gas which is tapered in the porous glass by dissolution during sintering of the pores of the glass, or with a salt solution containing radioactive material such as CsNO.sub.3, Sr(NO.sub.3), etc., or with a combination of both salt solution and radioactive gas, followed by drying and sintering of the pores of the glass whereby these radioactive materials upon chemical change to their oxides, excepting of course the noble gases which remain in molecular form, become a part of the integrated glass structure.The resulting glass article may have the radioactive material dispersed essentially homogeneously throughout the glass article, or there may be a layer free of such radioactive waste material over the entire surface of the glass article. In either case such glass articles demonstrate an extremely slow diffusion of the encapsulated radioactive material to the surrounding area.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在玻璃基质中固定，储存，包埋，封装或以其它方式固定在放射性物质中的放射性物质。放射性物质如放射性废物通过“分子填充”多孔玻璃的方法加入到玻璃基质中，该多孔玻璃或者通过在玻璃的孔的烧结期间溶解而在多孔玻璃中逐渐变细的放射性气体，或与盐含有诸如CsNO 3，Sr（NO 3）等放射性物质的溶液，或与盐溶液和放射性气体两者的组合，然后干燥和烧结玻璃孔，由此这些放射性物质在化学改变为其氧化物时，除了保留分子形式的惰性气体当然，成为一体化玻璃结构的一部分。所得到的玻璃制品可以具有基本上均匀地分散在整个玻璃制品中的放射性材料，或者在玻璃制品的整个表面上可以存在没有这种放射性废料的层。在任一种情况下，这种玻璃制品表现出包封的放射性物质极其扩散到周围区域。

5. 发明授权

US4333847A Fixation by anion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的阴离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4333847A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US65752
申请日：1979-08-10
申请人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
发明人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
IPC分类号： G21F9/02 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/36 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C1/026 , C03C11/005 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/02 , G21F9/305 , G21F9/36 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3411 , C03C2201/3423 , C03C2201/3429 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/42 , C03C2201/50 , C03C2201/54
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive materials, internally in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive anions, and in some cases cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are internally incorporated into a glass matrix, having hydrous organofunctionalsiloxy groups, e.g., hydrous aminoalkylsiloxy or carboxyorganosiloxy, bonded to silicon atoms of said glass and/or hydrous polyvalent metals bonded to silicon atoms of said glass through divalent oxygen linkages or otherwise immobilized therein, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic, radioactive anions with hydroxyl groups attached to said organofunctionalsiloxy groups or with hydroxyl groups attached to the hydrous polyvalent metal. Thereafter, the resulting glass now characterized by a distribution of internally bonded or immobilized, toxic, radioactive anions can be packaged in suitable containers, and disposed of as by burial, and/or they can be sintered to collapse the pores thereof prior to disposal or for producing useful radiation sources. The porous glass or a porous silica gel having said silicon-bonded organofunctionalsiloxy groups and/or said hydrous polyvalent metal oxy groups, the pores of said glass or silica gel remaining open and uncollapsed, can be used advantageously as a backfill for an underground radioactive waste burial site and as overpack in the waste disposal container. Also included is a novel method for bonding the polyvalent metal to the porous silica glass or gel by substituting the protons of the silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups thereof with an alkali metal or ammonium cation followed by displacement of said cation with the non-radioactive polyvalent metal cation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中内部有毒的例如放射性物质固定极长时间。含有放射性阴离子的放射性废物，以及在某些情况下，可能是液体形式的阳离子或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料内部加入到具有含水官能团的甲硅烷氧基的玻璃基质中，例如，含水氨基烷基甲硅烷氧基或羧基有机基甲硅烷氧基，通过涉及将所述有毒放射性阴离子与所述有机放射性阴离子的离子交换的方法，通过二价氧键键合到所述玻璃的硅原子和/或与所述玻璃的硅原子键合的含水多价金属，连接到所述有机电致甲硅烷氧基基团的羟基或与水合多价金属连接的羟基的羟基。此后，所得玻璃的特征在于内部结合或固定的，有毒的放射性阴离子的分布可以包装在合适的容器中，并且通过埋置进行处理和/或它们可以在处理之前烧结以使其孔隙塌缩，或用于生产有用的辐射源。所述多孔玻璃或多孔硅胶具有所述与硅键合的有机铁氧基甲硅烷氧基和/或所述含水多价金属氧基，所述玻璃或硅胶的孔保持开放和未破裂，可有利地用作地下放射性废物的回填垃圾处理容器内的包装物，还包括一种通过用碱金属或铵阳离子取代与硅键合的羟基的质子，然后用非放射性多价金属置换所述阳离子来将多价金属键合到多孔石英玻璃或凝胶上的新方法阳离子。

6. 发明授权

US4302231A Method of producing a glass article having a graded refractive index profile of a parabolic nature 失效
$Method of producing a glass article having a graded refractive index profile of a parabolic nature$
标题翻译：具有抛物线性质的渐变折射率分布的玻璃制品的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4302231A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-24
申请号：US7192
申请日：1979-01-29
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Shigeo Murai
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Shigeo Murai
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , C03B37/00 , C03B37/014 , C03B37/016 , C03C23/00 , G02B6/02 , C03B37/025 , C03B37/075 , C03C21/00
CPC分类号： C03B37/016 , C03C23/0095
摘要： A method of producing a glass article having a graded refractive index profile of a parabolic nature is disclosed. The method comprises soaking a preform having a porous matrix with interconnected pores into a stuffing solution containing at least one index modifying dopant of predetermined solubility in the stuffing solution for a time interval to fill the pores with the dopant solution, precipitating the dopant into the porous matrix approximately uniformly throughout, soaking the preform into a solvent solution having a solubility for the dopant lower than the solubility of the dopant in the stuffing solution for a time interval sufficient to cause substantially all of the dopant to redissolve and for diffusion to take place out of the porous matrix in such a way that the dopant concentration decreases as a function of radial distance from the central axis, precipitating the dopant in the porous matrix by reducing the temperature of the preform to a level such that the dopant is precipitated out of solution, removing the solvent and where necessary decomposition products from the preform, and heating to consolidate the preform to produce a glass article having a graded refractive index profile of the parabolic nature.
摘要翻译：公开了一种制造具有抛物线性质的梯度折射率分布的玻璃制品的方法。该方法包括将具有互连孔的具有多孔基体的预成型体浸泡到填充溶液中，所述填充溶液含有至少一种在填充溶液中具有预定溶解度的指数改性掺杂剂，以填充掺杂剂溶液的时间间隔，将掺杂剂沉淀到多孔基体大致均匀地浸入预浸料中，将预成型体浸入溶剂中，该溶剂溶液的溶解度低于掺杂剂在填料溶液中的溶解度，其时间间隔足以使基本上所有的掺杂剂全部再溶解并扩散出来的多孔基质，使得掺杂剂浓度随着与中心轴的径向距离的减小而降低，通过将预成型体的温度降低到使得掺杂剂从溶液中沉淀出的水平，使多孔基质中的掺杂剂沉淀，除去溶剂，并在必要时从预型件分解产物，和他以固化预成型件以生产具有抛物线性质的渐变折射率分布的玻璃制品。

7. 发明授权

US4299608A Joint doping of porous glasses to produce materials with high modifier concentrations 失效
标题翻译：联合掺杂多孔玻璃以生产具有高改性剂浓度的材料
公开(公告)号：US4299608A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US75713
申请日：1979-09-14
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Mrinmay Samanta , Joseph H. Simmons
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Mrinmay Samanta , Joseph H. Simmons
IPC分类号： C03C3/06 , C03C3/076 , C03C3/102 , C03C3/108 , C03C11/00 , C03C13/00 , C03C23/00 , G02B6/028 , C03C25/02
CPC分类号： C03C23/0095 , C03C11/00 , C03C13/001 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/076 , C03C3/102 , C03C3/108 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/30 , C03C2201/50 , G02B6/0281
摘要： A glass composition having at least 85 mole percent of SiO.sub.2, where the improvement comprises at least 7 wt percent of at least one member selected from the group consisting of PbO and Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and at least 1.5 mole percent of at least one member selected from the group consisting of K.sub.2 O, Rb.sub.2 O and Cs.sub.2 O.
摘要翻译：一种玻璃组合物，其具有至少85摩尔％的SiO 2，其中改进包括至少7重量％的选自PbO和Bi 2 O 3中的至少一种，和至少1.5摩尔％的选自组中的至少一种由K2O，Rb2O和Cs2O组成。

8. 发明授权

US4469628A Fixation by ion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4469628A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US370437
申请日：1982-04-21
申请人： Catherine J. Simmons , Joseph H. Simmons , Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Catherine J. Simmons , Joseph H. Simmons , Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： B01D15/00 , B01J39/02 , B01J39/10 , B01J39/14 , C02F1/42 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/16 , G21F9/30 , C09K3/00 , C09K11/04
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , B01J39/14 , C03C1/026 , C03C11/005 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/305 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3435 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/50
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive, materials in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are incorporated into a glass or silica gel matrix, having alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations bonded to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through divalent oxygen linkages, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic or radioactive cations with said alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations to bind said toxic or radioactive cations to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through said silicon-bonded divalent oxygen linkages. Thereafter, the resulting glass or silica gel now characterized by toxic or radioactive cations bonded to silicon atoms through divalent oxygen linkages can be stored, or packaged in suitable containers, or disposed of as by burial, and/or sintered to collapse the pores thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及将硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中的有毒的，例如放射性物质固定在极长时间内。将含有放射性阳离子的放射性废物（其可以是液体的形式）或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料掺入玻璃或硅胶基质中，其具有碱金属，Ib族金属和/或通过涉及所述有毒或放射性阳离子与所述碱金属，第Ib族金属和/或铵阳离子离子交换以结合所述有毒或放射性的方法的方法，通过二价氧键与所述玻璃或硅胶的硅原子键合的铵阳离子通过所述硅键合的二价氧键与所述玻璃或硅胶的硅原子的阳离子。此后，所得到的玻璃或硅胶的特征在于通过二价氧键与硅原子键合的有毒或放射性阳离子，可以储存或包装在合适的容器中，或通过埋置和/或烧结来处理以使其孔隙折叠。

9. 发明授权

US4224177A Fixation of radioactive materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：玻璃基质中放射性物质的固定
公开(公告)号：US4224177A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US884371
申请日：1978-03-09
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03C4/00 , C03C23/00 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C23/0095 , C03C4/00 , G21F9/305
摘要： This invention relates to radioactive materials which are fixed, stored, entrapped, encapsulated, or otherwise rendered immobile in a glass matrix for extremely long periods of time. Radioactive material such as radioactive wastes are incorporated into a glass matrix by a process of "molecular stuffing" a porous glass either with a radioactive gas which is trapped in the porous glass by dissolution during sintering of the pores of the glass, or with a salt solution containing radioactive material such as CsNO.sub.3, Sr(NO.sub.3), etc., or with a combination of both salt solution and radioactive gas, followed by drying and sintering of the pores of the glass whereby these radioactive materials upon chemical change to their oxides, excepting of course the noble gases which remain in molecular form, become a part of the integrated glass structure.The resulting glass article may have the radioactive material dispersed essentially homogeneously throughout the glass article, or there may be a layer free of such radioactive waste material over the entire surface of the glass article. In either case such glass articles demonstrate an extremely slow diffusion of the encapsulated radioactive material to the surrounding area.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在玻璃基质中固定，储存，包埋，封装或以其它方式固定在放射性物质中的放射性物质。放射性物质如放射性废物通过“分子填充”多孔玻璃的方法引入到玻璃基体中，该多孔玻璃或者是通过在玻璃的孔的烧结期间溶解而被捕获在多孔玻璃中的放射性气体，或者与盐含有诸如CsNO 3，Sr（NO 3）等放射性物质的溶液，或与盐溶液和放射性气体两者的组合，然后干燥和烧结玻璃孔，由此这些放射性物质在化学改变为氧化物时，除了保留分子形式的惰性气体当然，成为一体化玻璃结构的一部分。所得到的玻璃制品可以具有基本上均匀地分散在整个玻璃制品中的放射性材料，或者在玻璃制品的整个表面上可以存在没有这种放射性废料的层。在任一种情况下，这种玻璃制品表现出包封的放射性物质极其扩散到周围区域。

10. 发明授权

US09302116B2 Non-invasive energy upconversion methods and systems for in-situ photobiomodulation 有权
标题翻译：用于原位光生物调节的非侵入性能量上转换方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US09302116B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-05
申请号：US12764184
申请日：2010-04-21
申请人： Tuan Vo-Dinh , Jonathan P. Scaffidi , Venkata Gopal Reddy Chada , Benoit Lauly , Yan Zhang , Molly K. Gregas , Ian N. Stanton , Joshua T. Stecher , Michael J. Therien , Frederic A. Bourke, Jr. , Harold Walder , Zak Fathi , Jennifer A. Ayres , Zhenyuan Zhang , Joseph H. Simmons , Stephen John Norton
发明人： Tuan Vo-Dinh , Jonathan P. Scaffidi , Venkata Gopal Reddy Chada , Benoit Lauly , Yan Zhang , Molly K. Gregas , Ian N. Stanton , Joshua T. Stecher , Michael J. Therien , Frederic A. Bourke, Jr. , Harold Walder , Zak Fathi , Jennifer A. Ayres , Zhenyuan Zhang , Joseph H. Simmons , Stephen John Norton
IPC分类号： A61N5/06 , A61K49/00 , A61L2/08 , A61N1/40 , A61N5/02
CPC分类号： A61N5/062 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/055 , A61B5/4848 , A61B6/481 , A61K41/0042 , A61K41/0052 , A61K41/0061 , A61K49/0039 , A61L2/0047 , A61L2/08 , A61L2202/21 , A61L2202/22 , A61M5/007 , A61N1/406 , A61N5/02 , A61N5/0601 , A61N5/0618 , A61N5/0622 , A61N5/0624 , A61N5/10 , A61N2005/063 , A61N2005/0656 , A61N2005/0659 , A61N2005/0662 , A61N2005/067 , A61N2005/1098
摘要： Products, compositions, systems, and methods for modifying a target structure which mediates or is associated with a biological activity, including treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by or associated with a target structure, such as a virus, cell, subcellular structure or extracellular structure. The methods may be performed in situ in a non-invasive manner by placing a nanoparticle having a metallic shell on at least a fraction of a surface in a vicinity of a target structure in a subject and applying an initiation energy to a subject thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure directly or via a modulation agent. The nanoparticle is configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength λ1, to generate a second wavelength λ2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength λ1. The methods may further be performed by application of an initiation energy to a subject in situ to activate a pharmaceutical agent directly or via an energy modulation agent, optionally in the presence of one or more plasmonics active agents, thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure. Kits containing products or compositions formulated or configured and systems for use in practicing these methods.
摘要翻译：用于修饰介导或与生物活性相关的靶结构的产物，组合物，系统和方法，包括治疗由病毒，细胞，亚细胞结构介导或与靶结构相关的疾病，病症或疾病或胞外结构。所述方法可以以非侵入性方式在原位进行，通过将具有金属壳的纳米颗粒放置在受试者的靶结构附近的表面的至少一部分上，并向受试者施加引发能量，从而产生直接或通过调制剂对目标结构的影响或改变。纳米颗粒在暴露于第一波长λ1时被配置为产生具有比第一波长λ1更高的能量的辐射的第二波长λ2。所述方法还可以通过向受试者原位施加引发能量来直接或经由能量调节剂活化药剂，任选地在一种或多种等离子体激活剂活性剂的存在下进行，从而产生对其的作用或改变目标结构。包含配制或配置的产品或组合的套件以及用于实施这些方法的系统。

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