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1. 发明授权

US4469628A Fixation by ion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4469628A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US370437
申请日：1982-04-21
申请人： Catherine J. Simmons , Joseph H. Simmons , Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Catherine J. Simmons , Joseph H. Simmons , Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： B01D15/00 , B01J39/02 , B01J39/10 , B01J39/14 , C02F1/42 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/16 , G21F9/30 , C09K3/00 , C09K11/04
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , B01J39/14 , C03C1/026 , C03C11/005 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/305 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3435 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/50
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive, materials in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are incorporated into a glass or silica gel matrix, having alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations bonded to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through divalent oxygen linkages, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic or radioactive cations with said alkali metal, Group Ib metal and/or ammonium cations to bind said toxic or radioactive cations to silicon atoms of said glass or silica gel through said silicon-bonded divalent oxygen linkages. Thereafter, the resulting glass or silica gel now characterized by toxic or radioactive cations bonded to silicon atoms through divalent oxygen linkages can be stored, or packaged in suitable containers, or disposed of as by burial, and/or sintered to collapse the pores thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及将硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中的有毒的，例如放射性物质固定在极长时间内。将含有放射性阳离子的放射性废物（其可以是液体的形式）或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料掺入玻璃或硅胶基质中，其具有碱金属，Ib族金属和/或通过涉及所述有毒或放射性阳离子与所述碱金属，第Ib族金属和/或铵阳离子离子交换以结合所述有毒或放射性的方法的方法，通过二价氧键与所述玻璃或硅胶的硅原子键合的铵阳离子通过所述硅键合的二价氧键与所述玻璃或硅胶的硅原子的阳离子。此后，所得到的玻璃或硅胶的特征在于通过二价氧键与硅原子键合的有毒或放射性阳离子，可以储存或包装在合适的容器中，或通过埋置和/或烧结来处理以使其孔隙折叠。

2. 发明授权

US4362659A Fixation of radioactive materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：玻璃基质中放射性物质的固定
公开(公告)号：US4362659A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-07
申请号：US76444
申请日：1979-09-17
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03C4/00 , C03C23/00 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/02
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C23/0095 , C03C4/00 , G21F9/305
摘要： This invention relates to radioactive materials which are fixed, stored, entrapped, encapsulated, or otherwise rendered immobile in a glass matrix for extremely long periods of time. Radioactive material such as radioactive wastes are incorporated into a glass matrix by a process of "molecular stuffing" a porous glass either with a radioactive gas which is tapered in the porous glass by dissolution during sintering of the pores of the glass, or with a salt solution containing radioactive material such as CsNO.sub.3, Sr(NO.sub.3), etc., or with a combination of both salt solution and radioactive gas, followed by drying and sintering of the pores of the glass whereby these radioactive materials upon chemical change to their oxides, excepting of course the noble gases which remain in molecular form, become a part of the integrated glass structure.The resulting glass article may have the radioactive material dispersed essentially homogeneously throughout the glass article, or there may be a layer free of such radioactive waste material over the entire surface of the glass article. In either case such glass articles demonstrate an extremely slow diffusion of the encapsulated radioactive material to the surrounding area.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在玻璃基质中固定，储存，包埋，封装或以其它方式固定在放射性物质中的放射性物质。放射性物质如放射性废物通过“分子填充”多孔玻璃的方法加入到玻璃基质中，该多孔玻璃或者通过在玻璃的孔的烧结期间溶解而在多孔玻璃中逐渐变细的放射性气体，或与盐含有诸如CsNO 3，Sr（NO 3）等放射性物质的溶液，或与盐溶液和放射性气体两者的组合，然后干燥和烧结玻璃孔，由此这些放射性物质在化学改变为其氧化物时，除了保留分子形式的惰性气体当然，成为一体化玻璃结构的一部分。所得到的玻璃制品可以具有基本上均匀地分散在整个玻璃制品中的放射性材料，或者在玻璃制品的整个表面上可以存在没有这种放射性废料的层。在任一种情况下，这种玻璃制品表现出包封的放射性物质极其扩散到周围区域。

3. 发明授权

US4224177A Fixation of radioactive materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：玻璃基质中放射性物质的固定
公开(公告)号：US4224177A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US884371
申请日：1978-03-09
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03C4/00 , C03C23/00 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C23/0095 , C03C4/00 , G21F9/305
摘要： This invention relates to radioactive materials which are fixed, stored, entrapped, encapsulated, or otherwise rendered immobile in a glass matrix for extremely long periods of time. Radioactive material such as radioactive wastes are incorporated into a glass matrix by a process of "molecular stuffing" a porous glass either with a radioactive gas which is trapped in the porous glass by dissolution during sintering of the pores of the glass, or with a salt solution containing radioactive material such as CsNO.sub.3, Sr(NO.sub.3), etc., or with a combination of both salt solution and radioactive gas, followed by drying and sintering of the pores of the glass whereby these radioactive materials upon chemical change to their oxides, excepting of course the noble gases which remain in molecular form, become a part of the integrated glass structure.The resulting glass article may have the radioactive material dispersed essentially homogeneously throughout the glass article, or there may be a layer free of such radioactive waste material over the entire surface of the glass article. In either case such glass articles demonstrate an extremely slow diffusion of the encapsulated radioactive material to the surrounding area.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在玻璃基质中固定，储存，包埋，封装或以其它方式固定在放射性物质中的放射性物质。放射性物质如放射性废物通过“分子填充”多孔玻璃的方法引入到玻璃基体中，该多孔玻璃或者是通过在玻璃的孔的烧结期间溶解而被捕获在多孔玻璃中的放射性气体，或者与盐含有诸如CsNO 3，Sr（NO 3）等放射性物质的溶液，或与盐溶液和放射性气体两者的组合，然后干燥和烧结玻璃孔，由此这些放射性物质在化学改变为氧化物时，除了保留分子形式的惰性气体当然，成为一体化玻璃结构的一部分。所得到的玻璃制品可以具有基本上均匀地分散在整个玻璃制品中的放射性材料，或者在玻璃制品的整个表面上可以存在没有这种放射性废料的层。在任一种情况下，这种玻璃制品表现出包封的放射性物质极其扩散到周围区域。

4. 发明授权

US4544499A Fixation by anion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的阴离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4544499A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-01
申请号：US386215
申请日：1982-06-07
申请人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
发明人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
IPC分类号： G21F9/30 , G21F9/36 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C11/005 , C03C1/002 , C03C1/026 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/305 , G21F9/36 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3411 , C03C2201/3423 , C03C2201/3429 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/54 , C03C2201/60
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive materials, internally in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive anions, and in some cases cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are internally incorporated into a glass matrix, having hydrous organofunctionalsiloxy groups, e.g., hydrous aminoalkylsiloxy or carboxyorganosiloxy, bonded to silicon atoms of said glass and/or hydrous polyvalent metals bonded to silicon atoms of said glass through divalent oxygen linkages or otherwise immobilized therein, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic, radioactive anions with hydroxyl groups attached to said organofunctionalsiloxy groups or with hydroxyl groups attached to the hydrous polyvalent metal. Thereafter, the resulting glass now characterized by a distribution of internally bonded or immobilized, toxic, radioactive anions can be packaged in suitable containers, and disposed of as by burial, and/or they can be sintered to collapse the pores thereof to disposal or for producing useful radiation sources. The porous glass or a porous silica gel having said silicon-bonded organofunctionalsiloxy groups and/or said hydrous polyvalent metal oxy groups, the pores of said glass or silica gel remaining open and uncollapsed, can be used advantageously as a backfill for an underground radioactive waste burial site and as overpack in the waste disposal container. Also included is a novel method for bonding the polyvalent metal to the porous silica glass or gel by substituting the protons of the silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups thereof with an alkali metal or ammonium cation followed by displacement of said cation with the non-radioactive polyvalent metal cation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中内部有毒的例如放射性物质固定极长时间。含有放射性阴离子的放射性废物，以及在某些情况下，可能是液体形式的阳离子或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料内部加入到具有含水官能团的甲硅烷氧基的玻璃基质中，例如，含水氨基烷基甲硅烷氧基或羧基有机基甲硅烷氧基，通过涉及将所述有毒放射性阴离子与所述有机放射性阴离子的离子交换的方法，通过二价氧键键合到所述玻璃的硅原子和/或与所述玻璃的硅原子键合的含水多价金属，连接到所述有机电致甲硅烷氧基基团的羟基或与水合多价金属连接的羟基的羟基。此后，所得玻璃的特征在于内部结合或固定的，有毒的放射性阴离子的分布可以包装在合适的容器中，并通过埋置进行处理，和/或它们可以烧结以将其孔隙塌缩以处理或用于生产有用的辐射源。所述多孔玻璃或多孔硅胶具有所述与硅键合的有机铁氧基甲硅烷氧基和/或所述含水多价金属氧基，所述玻璃或硅胶的孔保持开放和未破裂，可有利地用作地下放射性废物的回填垃圾处理容器内的包装物，还包括一种通过用碱金属或铵阳离子取代与硅键合的羟基的质子，然后用非放射性多价金属置换所述阳离子来将多价金属键合到多孔石英玻璃或凝胶上的新方法阳离子。

5. 发明授权

US4333847A Fixation by anion exchange of toxic materials in a glass matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过玻璃基质中有毒物质的阴离子交换固定
公开(公告)号：US4333847A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US65752
申请日：1979-08-10
申请人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
发明人： Danh C. Tran , Pedro B. Macedo , Joseph H. Simmons , Catherine J. Simmons , Nicholas Lagakos
IPC分类号： G21F9/02 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/36 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , C03C1/026 , C03C11/005 , C03C21/001 , C03C23/0095 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , G21F9/02 , G21F9/305 , G21F9/36 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/20 , C03C2201/23 , C03C2201/3411 , C03C2201/3423 , C03C2201/3429 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/42 , C03C2201/50 , C03C2201/54
摘要： This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic, e.g., radioactive materials, internally in a silicate glass or silica gel matrix for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes containing radioactive anions, and in some cases cations, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are internally incorporated into a glass matrix, having hydrous organofunctionalsiloxy groups, e.g., hydrous aminoalkylsiloxy or carboxyorganosiloxy, bonded to silicon atoms of said glass and/or hydrous polyvalent metals bonded to silicon atoms of said glass through divalent oxygen linkages or otherwise immobilized therein, by a process which involves the ion exchange of said toxic, radioactive anions with hydroxyl groups attached to said organofunctionalsiloxy groups or with hydroxyl groups attached to the hydrous polyvalent metal. Thereafter, the resulting glass now characterized by a distribution of internally bonded or immobilized, toxic, radioactive anions can be packaged in suitable containers, and disposed of as by burial, and/or they can be sintered to collapse the pores thereof prior to disposal or for producing useful radiation sources. The porous glass or a porous silica gel having said silicon-bonded organofunctionalsiloxy groups and/or said hydrous polyvalent metal oxy groups, the pores of said glass or silica gel remaining open and uncollapsed, can be used advantageously as a backfill for an underground radioactive waste burial site and as overpack in the waste disposal container. Also included is a novel method for bonding the polyvalent metal to the porous silica glass or gel by substituting the protons of the silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups thereof with an alkali metal or ammonium cation followed by displacement of said cation with the non-radioactive polyvalent metal cation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在硅酸盐玻璃或硅胶基质中内部有毒的例如放射性物质固定极长时间。含有放射性阴离子的放射性废物，以及在某些情况下，可能是液体形式的阳离子或溶解或分散在液体或气体中的固体的有毒材料内部加入到具有含水官能团的甲硅烷氧基的玻璃基质中，例如，含水氨基烷基甲硅烷氧基或羧基有机基甲硅烷氧基，通过涉及将所述有毒放射性阴离子与所述有机放射性阴离子的离子交换的方法，通过二价氧键键合到所述玻璃的硅原子和/或与所述玻璃的硅原子键合的含水多价金属，连接到所述有机电致甲硅烷氧基基团的羟基或与水合多价金属连接的羟基的羟基。此后，所得玻璃的特征在于内部结合或固定的，有毒的放射性阴离子的分布可以包装在合适的容器中，并且通过埋置进行处理和/或它们可以在处理之前烧结以使其孔隙塌缩，或用于生产有用的辐射源。所述多孔玻璃或多孔硅胶具有所述与硅键合的有机铁氧基甲硅烷氧基和/或所述含水多价金属氧基，所述玻璃或硅胶的孔保持开放和未破裂，可有利地用作地下放射性废物的回填垃圾处理容器内的包装物，还包括一种通过用碱金属或铵阳离子取代与硅键合的羟基的质子，然后用非放射性多价金属置换所述阳离子来将多价金属键合到多孔石英玻璃或凝胶上的新方法阳离子。

6. 发明授权

US4902426A Ion exchange compositions 失效
标题翻译：离子交换组合物
公开(公告)号：US4902426A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-20
申请号：US196904
申请日：1988-05-20
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz , Hamid Hojaj
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz , Hamid Hojaj
IPC分类号： B01J39/08 , C01F17/00 , C03C11/00 , G21F9/12
CPC分类号： C03C23/0095 , B01J39/085 , C01F17/0006 , C03C1/002 , C03C11/005 , C03C12/00 , C03C14/004 , C03C21/001 , C03C3/06 , C03C3/061 , C03C3/089 , C03C3/091 , C03C3/093 , C03C8/14 , G21F9/12 , C03C2201/10 , C03C2201/32 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/50 , Y10S423/14
摘要： The present invention comprises a process for separating rare earth ions or actinide ions or mixtures thereof in solution by passing the solution through an ion exchange material to separate the rare earths or actinides or mixtures thereof. The ion exchange material has a surface area of about 5-1500 m.sup.2 /g. The ion exchange material is impregnated with a liquid containing alkali metal cations, Group Ib metal cations, ammonium cations, organic amines or mixtures thereof, at a pH range above about 9. A plurality of fractions of the solution is collected as the solution passes through the ion exchange material, preferably in a column. This process is particularly preferred for separating rare earth ions and especially lanthanum and neodymium. It is particularly preferred to purify lanthanum to contain less than 0.1 ppm, preferably less than 0.01 ppm, of neodymium. In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a method of producing a porous silicate glass containing at least one transition metal oxide additive selected from a group consisting of the bottom two rows of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. This method comprises preparing a base glass from a melt which contains 40-80 mol percent of silica and up to 10 mol percent of one or more transition metal oxide additives selected from said group or of precursors of said oxide additives, separating said base glass by heat treatment into at least a soluble phase and an insoluble phase, leaching out the soluble phase. In yet another embodiment, the present invention comprises an ion exchange material consisting of a porous glass or silica gel including at least about 0.2 mol percent of a transition metal oxide or hydrous metal oxide and containing at least 0.3 mol percent of alkali metal cation, Group Ib metal cation, ammonium, organic amines, or mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明包括通过使溶液通过离子交换材料以分离稀土或锕系元素或其混合物来分离稀土离子或锕系离子或其混合物的方法。离子交换材料具有约5-1500m 2 / g的表面积。离子交换材料在高于约9的pH范围内用含有碱金属阳离子，Ib族金属阳离子，铵阳离子，有机胺或其混合物的液体浸渍。当溶液通过时，收集多个馏分的溶液离子交换材料，优选在柱中。该方法特别优选用于分离稀土离子，特别是镧和钕。特别优选将镧纯化为含有小于0.1ppm，优选小于0.01ppm的钕。在另一个实施方案中，本发明包括一种制备多孔硅酸盐玻璃的方法，所述多孔硅酸盐玻璃含有至少一种选自周期表的第八族的下部两行的过渡金属氧化物添加剂。该方法包括从熔体制备基础玻璃，所述熔体包含40-80摩尔％的二氧化硅和至多10摩尔％的选自所述组或所述氧化物添加剂的前体的一种或多种过渡金属氧化物添加剂，将所述基础玻璃与热处理成至少可溶相和不溶相，浸出可溶相。在另一个实施方案中，本发明包括由多孔玻璃或硅胶组成的离子交换材料，其包含至少约0.2mol％的过渡金属氧化物或含水金属氧化物并且含有至少0.3mol％的碱金属阳离子 Ib金属阳离子，铵，有机胺或其混合物。

7. 发明授权

US4342907A Optical sensing apparatus and method 失效
标题翻译：光学感测装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US4342907A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-03
申请号：US117637
申请日：1980-02-01
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz , Nicholas Lagakos , Robert K. Mohr , Robert Meister
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz , Nicholas Lagakos , Robert K. Mohr , Robert Meister
IPC分类号： G01B11/16 , G01D5/353 , G01K1/02 , G01L11/02 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/28 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/2852 , G01B11/18 , G01D5/35345 , G01D5/35377 , G01K1/024 , G01L11/025 , G02B6/14 , Y10S177/06
摘要： A sensor for measuring stress, temperature, pressure, sound, etc. comprising an optical waveguide, preferably an optical fiber waveguide, a light source which injects light into one end of the waveguide, a deformer contacting and deforming the waveguide to cause light to couple from originally excited modes to other modes, and an optical detector to detect the change in light coupling caused by deformation of the waveguide.
摘要翻译：一种用于测量应力，温度，压力，声音等的传感器，包括光波导，优选光纤波导，将光注入到波导的一端的光源，使波导接触和变形以使光耦合的变形器从原始激发模式到其他模式，以及光学检测器，用于检测由波导变形引起的光耦合变化。

8. 发明授权

US4313748A Method for producing a strengthened glass structural member 失效
标题翻译：强化玻璃结构件的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4313748A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-02
申请号：US123979
申请日：1980-02-25
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03B37/016 , C03C13/00 , C03C13/04 , C03C23/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/028 , C03B32/00 , C03C17/10 , C03C17/25
CPC分类号： G02B6/02 , C03B37/016 , C03C13/00 , C03C13/046 , C03C23/0095 , C03B2201/10 , C03B2201/30 , C03B2201/32 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/50 , C03B2201/54 , Y02P40/57
摘要： The present invention relates to a new glass material applicable in those situations where thermal and/or mechanical shock would limit the use of other glass materials presently available. Dopants are deposited into the interconnected pores of a porous glass in a non-uniform manner such that upon consolidation and cooling the final article has its surface under compressive stress. Dopants may also be added to control color and other appearance features. A porous silicate glass is washed with sodium hydroxide followed by immersing the washed glass in a liquid solution of a dopant in a liquid solvent therefor to stuff the pores of the washed glass with the solution. Thereafter, the solvent is removed from the pores and the pores are collapsed by a heating step.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及适用于热和/或机械冲击将限制目前可获得的其它玻璃材料的使用的情况下的新型玻璃材料。掺杂剂以不均匀的方式沉积在多孔玻璃的互连孔中，使得在固结和冷却时，最终制品的表面处于压应力下。还可以添加掺杂剂以控制颜色和其它外观特征。用氢氧化钠洗涤多孔硅酸盐玻璃，然后将洗涤后的玻璃浸在液体溶剂中的掺杂剂的液体溶液中，以用溶液填充经过洗涤的玻璃的孔。此后，从孔中除去溶剂，通过加热步骤将孔压缩。

9. 发明授权

US3938974A Method of producing optical wave guide fibers 失效
标题翻译：光波导纤维的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US3938974A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-17
申请号：US462481
申请日：1974-04-22
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03B37/016 , C03C13/00 , C03C13/04 , C03C15/00 , C03C21/00 , C03C23/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/028 , C03C17/02 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： C03B37/016 , C03C13/005 , C03C13/045 , C03C15/00 , C03C21/00 , C03C23/0095 , C03B2201/10 , C03B2201/30 , C03B2201/32 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/50 , C03B2201/54 , G02B6/0281
摘要： Procedures are disclosed for producing both core-cladding optical fibers and self-focusing optical fibers from porous germinate and/or silicate glasses obtained after phase separation and removal of the soluble phase. A glass which is separable into at least two phases one of which is soluble, is heated to cause phase separation. The soluble phase is leached out removing undesired impurities. The pores are collapsed and this glass is used to produce cores and/or cladding layers, or self focusing fibers. According to one aspect of the invention, preforms of the porous glass have their interconnected pores stuffed with a dopant. In the production of core-cladding optical fibers, the dopant modifies the index of refraction of the core and/or cladding so that the index of refraction of the core is greater than that of the cladding. The control of this index of refraction can be accomplished by addition of non silicate network formers such as GeO.sub.2 to the original melt before phase separation. These network formers will stay in the insoluble phase. In producing self-focusing fibers, the dopant may be non-uniformly deposited in order to produce a radial gradient in the index of refraction, or sodium or potassium ions may be ion exchanged into the glass for a portion of a dopant containing lithium or thallium to produce such an index of refraction gradient.
摘要翻译：公开了用于在相分离和去除可溶相之后获得的多孔发芽体和/或硅酸盐玻璃中生产芯包层光纤和自聚焦光纤的方法。可分离成至少两相的玻璃是可溶的，被加热以引起相分离。浸出溶出相去除不需要的杂质。孔被折叠，并且该玻璃用于生产芯和/或包层或自聚焦纤维。根据本发明的一个方面，多孔玻璃的预制件具有填充有掺杂剂的互连孔。在芯包层光纤的生产中，掺杂剂改变了芯和/或包层的折射率，使得芯的折射率大于包层的折射率。该折射率的控制可以通过在相分离之前向原始熔体中添加诸如GeO 2的非硅酸盐网络形成剂来实现。这些网络成员将保持在不溶性阶段。在生产自聚焦纤维时，可以不均匀地沉积掺杂剂以产生折射率的径向梯度，或者钠或钾离子可以离子交换到玻璃中，用于含有锂或铊的掺杂剂的一部分以产生这样的折射率梯度。

10. 发明授权

US4319905A Method of leaching glass preforms 失效
标题翻译：浸出玻璃预制件的方法
公开(公告)号：US4319905A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-16
申请号：US162893
申请日：1980-06-25
申请人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
发明人： Pedro B. Macedo , Theodore A. Litovitz
IPC分类号： C03C13/04 , C03C23/00
CPC分类号： C03C13/046 , C03C13/045 , C03C23/0095 , C03B2201/10 , C03B2201/30 , C03B2201/32 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/50 , C03B2201/54 , Y02P40/57
摘要： The present invention relates to a method of leaching a glass preform made of alkali borosilicate glass in which the concentration of boric acid in a leaching solution is reduced by precipitating boric acid out of the leaching solution in a cold trap. The preform temperature is kept above 80.degree. C. and the cold trap is at least 20.degree. C. below the temperature of the preform.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种浸出由硼硅酸盐玻璃制成的玻璃预制件的方法，其中通过在冷阱中将硼酸从浸出溶液中沉淀而使浸出溶液中的硼酸浓度降低。预成型坯温度保持在80℃以上，冷阱在预成型体的温度以下至少为20℃。

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