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31. 发明授权

US5009001A Method of increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts 失效
标题翻译：提高曲轴疲劳强度的方法
公开(公告)号：US5009001A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US525474
申请日：1990-05-18
申请人： Gerhard Deschler
发明人： Gerhard Deschler
IPC分类号： F16C3/08 , C21D9/30 , F16C3/06
CPC分类号： F16C3/06 , C21D9/30 , Y10T29/49286 , Y10T29/49995
摘要： A method of increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts for reciprocating engines, especially internal combustion engines, is provided. When converting naturally aspirating production engines to supercharging to increase the power, the fatigue strength of the crankshaft quickly reaches a limit. Since for reasons of economy it is desirable not to alter the geometry of the crackshaft and to avoid expensive fine burnishing to increase the quality of the surface, and hence the fatigue strength associated therewith, the transition radius from the crankshaft pin to the crank web is inductively surface hardened, and at the same time the finish quality of the surface is reduced. The increased costs for the hardening are balanced by the reduced surface machining that is required.
摘要翻译：提供了一种提高往复式发动机，特别是内燃机的曲轴的疲劳强度的方法。当将自然吸气发动机转换为增压来增加功率时，曲轴的疲劳强度迅速达到极限。由于经济的原因，不希望改变裂纹轴的几何形状，并且为了避免昂贵的精细抛光以提高表面的质量，因此与其相关的疲劳强度是从曲轴销到曲柄腹板的过渡半径是电感表面硬化，同时表面的表面质量降低。增加的硬化成本通过所需的减少的表面加工来平衡。

32. 发明授权

US4976664A Vehicle drive transmission having a high power ratio 失效
标题翻译：具有高功率比的车辆传动装置
公开(公告)号：US4976664A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-11
申请号：US375601
申请日：1989-07-05
申请人： Faust Hagin , Hans Drewitz
发明人： Faust Hagin , Hans Drewitz
IPC分类号： B60K17/00 , F16H47/04
CPC分类号： F16H47/04 , F16H2037/0866 , F16H2037/103 , Y10T74/19037
摘要： A drive device for vehicles comprises: a drive prime mover, a power splitting hydrostatic mechanical transmission coupled with the prime mover and having a planetary differential transmission with at least four shafts and two groups of planet wheels, two sun wheels, a web and an annulus, two main shafts forming an input and output and connected with different shafts of the planetary differential transmission, a clutch two variable displacement hydrostatic machines which are respectively connected in at least one operational range with a respective shaft of the planetary differential transmission and are adapted to alternately operate as a pump and as a motor, a first hydrostatic machine which, when the second hydrostatic machine is stationary, being able to be switched over from the input main shaft to the sun wheel, not on the drive side, on transition from one to the other operational range by means of said clutch means and during traction operation is switched over from the motor to the pump function.An additional mechanical transmission connected to the output of the power splitting transmission and has gering and two clutches for operation in two transmission is ratios, and a controller which on switching from one of the transmission ratios to the other causes actuation of the clutches as well as a sudden opposite modification of the displacement controlling angle of the first and second hydrostatic machines thus causing the displacement of the second hydrostatic machine to be increased to maximum while the displacement of the first machine decreases to zero.
摘要翻译：用于车辆的驱动装置包括：驱动原动机，与原动机耦合的动力分解液压静力机械变速器，并具有行星差速器传动装置，其具有至少四个轴和两组行星轮，两个太阳轮，腹板和环形成输入和输出并与行星差动传动装置的不同轴连接的两个主轴，离合器两个可变排量静液压力机，其分别在至少一个操作范围内与行星差速器的相应轴连接，交替地作为泵和电动机操作，第一静液压机器，当第二静液压机器静止时，能够从输入主轴切换到太阳轮，而不是在驱动侧，从一个通过所述离合器装置到另一个操作范围，并且在牵引操作期间从电动机切换到泵功能。连接到动力分配变速器的输出并具有用于在两个变速器中操作的倾角和两个离合器的附加机械变速器是比率，并且从一个变速比转换到另一个的控制器导致离合器的致动以及因此第一和第二静液压机器的位移控制角突然相反地改变，从而导致第二静液压机器的位移增加到最大，同时第一机器的位移减小到零。

33. 发明授权

US5404851A Device for switching a combustion engine from one mode of operation to another mode of operation 失效
标题翻译：用于将内燃机从一种操作模式切换到另一种操作模式的装置
公开(公告)号：US5404851A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US110321
申请日：1993-08-19
申请人： Alfred Neitz , Jurgen Ritter , Otto Schnitzer
发明人： Alfred Neitz , Jurgen Ritter , Otto Schnitzer
IPC分类号： F01L9/02 , F01L13/00 , F02B3/06 , F02B69/06 , F02B75/02 , F02D13/04
CPC分类号： F01L1/146 , F01L13/0005 , F01L13/06 , F02B69/06 , F02B2075/025 , F02B2075/027 , F02B3/06
摘要： A device for switching a combustion engine from a propelling mode to a braking mode, wherein the combustion engine has at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve per cylinder, includes a cam shaft for actuating the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder and a hydraulic linkage made of transmitting pistons and receiving pistons for connecting the cam shaft to the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder. The cam shaft has a first intake cam for actuating a first transmitting piston and a second intake cam for actuating a second transmitting piston, the first and the second transmitting pistons controlling the intake valve, and a first exhaust cam for actuating a third transmitting piston and a second exhaust cam for actuating a fourth transmitting piston, the third and fourth transmitting pistons controlling the exhaust valves. A control system has a non-rotatable control slide connected between the transmitting and receiving pistons. The control slide has transverse bores for connecting and disconnecting the transmitting and receiving pistons. The device further includes a hydraulic system for switching the control slide from a first operating position for the propelling mode into a second operating position for the braking mode.
摘要翻译：一种用于将内燃机从推进模式切换到制动模式的装置，其中所述内燃机具有至少一个进气阀和每个气缸至少一个排气阀，所述装置包括用于致动每个气缸的进气门和排气门的凸轮轴，以及由活塞传递并接收用于将凸轮轴连接到每个气缸的进排气阀的活塞的液压联动装置。所述凸轮轴具有用于致动第一传动活塞的第一进气凸轮和用于致动第二传动活塞的第二进气凸轮，所述第一和第二传动活塞控制所述进气门，以及用于致动第三传动活塞的第一排气凸轮，用于致动第四传动活塞的第二排气凸轮，所述第三和第四传动活塞控制所述排气阀。控制系统具有连接在发射和接收活塞之间的不可旋转控制滑块。控制滑块具有用于连接和断开发送和接收活塞的横向孔。该装置还包括液压系统，用于将控制滑块从用于推进模式的第一操作位置切换到用于制动模式的第二操作位置。

34. 发明授权

US5282577A Cross section controlled multi-jet injection valve 失效
标题翻译：横截面控制多喷射阀
公开(公告)号：US5282577A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-01
申请号：US707866
申请日：1991-05-30
申请人： Alfred Neitz
发明人： Alfred Neitz
IPC分类号： F02M61/04 , F02M45/08 , F02M61/02 , F02M61/08 , F02M61/16 , B05B1/32
CPC分类号： F02M61/02 , F02M45/08 , F02M45/083 , F02M61/08 , F02M61/161 , Y10T137/86791
摘要： A cross-section controlled multi-jet injection valve for an air-distributor injection in air-compressing combustion engines is provided. In order to fulfill the more stringent requirements and standards for exhaust fume quality it is necessary to provide a homogenous fuel/air mixture. This is achieved with a valve needle which is provided with an axially and radially oriented key. Due to this key a favorable ratio of injection cross-section to circumference of the respective cross-section is achieved. Accordingly, a division of the injection jet and a mixing with air is provided. Due to correspondingly adjusted pressure springs the injection pressure at varying amounts of fuel to be injected is kept constant which furthermore provides a constant homogeneity of the fuel/air mixture. Thus an excellent exhaust fume quality is obtained for the entire performance range.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于空气压缩内燃机中的空气分配器喷射的横截面控制的多喷射喷射阀。为了满足更严格的废气质量要求和标准，有必要提供均匀的燃料/空气混合物。这是通过设置有轴向和径向定向的键的阀针实现的。由于该键，实现了相应截面的注射截面与圆周的有利比例。因此，提供喷射射流的划分和与空气的混合。由于相应调节的压力弹簧，要注入的不同燃料量的注射压力保持不变，这进一步提供燃料/空气混合物的恒定均匀性。因此，在整个性能范围内获得优异的排气质量。

35. 发明授权

US5195487A Fuel injection system for air-compressing internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于空气压缩内燃机的燃油喷射系统
公开(公告)号：US5195487A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-23
申请号：US805206
申请日：1991-12-10
申请人： Hans-Jurgen Zurner , Dietmar Henkel
发明人： Hans-Jurgen Zurner , Dietmar Henkel
IPC分类号： F02B3/06 , F02M45/02 , F02M45/04 , F02M55/02
CPC分类号： F02M45/04 , F02M45/02 , F02M55/02 , F02B3/06
摘要： The present invention relates to an injection system for air-compressing combustion engines. In order to reduce the combustion noise of diesel combustion engines it has been suggested to divide the injection step into a pre-injection and main injection. In order to improve the velocity of the injection quantity increase during partial load and/or at low revolutions per minute it is suggested that a pressure wave generator is arranged downstream of the injection pump and to further provide a volume reservoir in parallel to the pressure wave generator. The pressure wave generator ensures that the passage of the injection line is opened only when a predetermined pressure has been reached. After opening of the pressure wave generator the pressure will not drop as quickly since fuel will be supplied by the volume reservoir even when the injection pump has only a low piston velocity. A further advantage of the present invention is that the by-pass line may branch off at a metering piston unit so that due to the reflection of the pressure wave at the metering piston, generated by the pressure wave generator, a doubling of the pressure occurs.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于空气压缩内燃机的喷射系统。为了降低柴油机内燃机的燃烧噪音，建议将喷射步骤分为预喷射和主喷射。为了提高在部分负载和/或每分钟低转速期间喷射量增加的速度，建议将压力波发生器布置在喷射泵的下游，并进一步提供与压力波平行的容积储存器发电机。压力波发生器确保仅在达到预定压力时打开注入管线的通道。在打开压力波发生器之后，即使当注射泵仅具有低的活塞速度时，由于燃料将被容积储存器供应，压力也不会快速下降。本发明的另一个优点是，旁路管线可以在计量活塞单元处分支，使得由于由压力波发生器产生的计量活塞处的压力波的反射，发生压力加倍。

36. 发明授权

US5193849A Kneeling omnibus 失效
标题翻译： KNEELING OMNIBUS
公开(公告)号：US5193849A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US677585
申请日：1991-03-29
申请人： Stefan Holzmann
发明人： Stefan Holzmann
IPC分类号： B60G17/015 , B60G17/017 , B60G17/033 , B60G17/052
CPC分类号： B60G17/0523 , B60G17/0155 , B60G17/017 , B60G2202/152 , B60G2202/412 , B60G2300/14 , B60G2400/202 , B60G2400/252 , B60G2400/952 , B60G2500/20 , B60G2500/2012 , B60G2500/30 , B60G2800/20
摘要： A level control system for an omnibus, especially a low-loading omnibus, having an omnibus body supported on axles and wheel suspension, is comprised of a compressed air system that is self-contained for each axle. The following vertical adjustments are possible: during a stop of the omnibus at a bus stop, the omnibus body is pivoted about a longitudinal median floor level axis for lowering the omnibus body at a passenger boarding side and the opposite side is raised by internally pumping the compressed air from the pneumatic springs of the boarding side to the pneumatic springs on the opposite side at each axle. After the completion of the stop at the bus stop, the compressed air is returned to the pneumatic springs on the boarding side so that the omnibus resumes its normal position. In this manner, the compressed air is kept in a self-contained system and is not lost to the atmosphere. Accordingly, there is no need to provide further compressed air to the system, thus reducing the amount of energy required for operating such a system; the power necessary for the internal pumping or transfer of the compressed air is small in comparison.
摘要翻译：一个综合的液位控制系统，特别是一个低负载综合，具有支撑在车轴和车轮悬架上的综合车体，由一个独立的压缩空气系统组成。以下垂直调整是可能的：在公共汽车站的综合停车期间，综合车身围绕纵向中间楼层轴线枢转，用于降低乘客登机侧的综合车身，并通过内部泵送压缩空气从登机侧的气动弹簧到各轴上相对侧的气动弹簧。在公交车站停止完成后，压缩空气返回到登机侧的气动弹簧，使总括恢复正常位置。以这种方式，压缩空气保持在独立的系统中并且不会损失到大气中。因此，不需要向系统提供进一步的压缩空气，因此减少了操作这种系统所需的能量的量; 相比之下，压缩空气的内部泵送或传递所需的功率较小。

37. 发明授权

US5171176A Method and apparatus for decelerating a marine propulsion system during an emergency stop maneuver 失效
标题翻译：在紧急停止期间减少海洋推进系统的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5171176A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US792816
申请日：1991-11-15
申请人： Hans Gebhardt , Heribert Kubis
发明人： Hans Gebhardt , Heribert Kubis
IPC分类号： B63H23/08
CPC分类号： B63H23/08 , Y10T477/677
摘要： A method and apparatus for decelerating a marine propulsion system during an emergency stop maneuver is provided. In order to achieve a faster reversal of the direction of rotation of a propeller shaft an engine brake is activated before switching the three shaft birotatory reduction gear system in order to decelerate the engaged and rotating gear system parts effectively. Only when the rotation of the gear system parts has been reduced to a predetermined number of revolutions the gear system is switched to the reversed direction of rotation by a control switch on the bridge so that the propeller shaft is rotating in the reversed direction of rotation and subsequently the number of revolutions of the combustion engine is increased to full load. The emergency stop maneuver may be performed in a very short period of time with the proposed method. The apparatus comprises a motor brake having a throttle valve eccentrically supported in the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在紧急停止操作期间使船舶推进系统减速的方法和装置。为了实现传动轴的旋转方向的更快的反转，在切换三轴双向减速齿轮系统之前，发动机制动器被激活，以有效地减速接合和旋转的齿轮系部件。只有当齿轮系统部件的旋转已经减小到预定转数时，齿轮系统通过桥上的控制开关切换到相反的旋转方向，使得传动轴在相反的旋转方向上旋转，并且随后，内燃机的转数增加到满载。所提出的方法可以在非常短的时间内执行紧急停止机动。该装置包括具有偏心地支撑在内燃机的排气管中的节流阀的电动机制动器。

38. 发明授权

US5161500A Outlet valve lifter for an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：内燃机出口阀门
公开(公告)号：US5161500A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-10
申请号：US827799
申请日：1992-01-29
申请人： Heribert Kubis , Dieter Wittman
发明人： Heribert Kubis , Dieter Wittman
IPC分类号： F01L1/24 , F01L1/245 , F01L13/06
CPC分类号： F01L13/06 , F01L1/245
摘要： An outlet valve lifter for internal combustion engine is described. In order to increase the braking power of the internal combustion engine it is necessary that the outlet valve is opened during the compression cycle. Advantageously, this is achieved by a hydraulic outlet valve lifter which is actuated by an external pressure source. Due to the pressure of the compressed air shortly before the ignition top dead center position great forces are acting on the outlet valve and accordingly on the outlet valve lifter. These forces, in the form of hydraulic pressure, act via the inner portion of the outlet valve lifter on the external pressure source and may cause damage. Therefore, the outlet valve lifter is provided with an inner portion which is lifted by a certain stroke due to the pressure actuation via a second pressure chamber so that the outlet valve opens. When the pressure within the second pressure chamber increases as a function of the forces acting on the outlet valve and surpasses the hydraulic pressure generated by the external pressure source, a ball valve closes the second pressure chamber so that the hydraulic pressure generated therein may not be transmitted to the external pressure source.
摘要翻译：描述了用于内燃机的出气阀提升器。为了增加内燃机的制动功率，需要在压缩循环期间打开出口阀。有利地，这通过由外部压力源致动的液压出口阀提升器来实现。由于压缩空气的压力在点火之前不久，上止点位置，大的力作用在出口阀上，因此作用在出口阀升降器上。这些力以液压的形式通过外部压力源上的出口阀提升器的内部部分作用，并可能造成损坏。因此，出气阀提升器具有内部，该内部部分由于经由第二压力室的压力致动而被提升一定行程，从而使出口阀打开。当第二压力室内的压力作为作用在出口阀上的力的函数而增加并超过由外部压力源产生的液压时，球阀关闭第二压力室，使得其中产生的液压不可能传输到外部压力源。

39. 发明授权

US5156068A Bearing means for compensating masses 失效
标题翻译：用于补偿质量的轴承
公开(公告)号：US5156068A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-20
申请号：US682195
申请日：1991-04-04
申请人： Heribert Moller
发明人： Heribert Moller
IPC分类号： F16F15/20 , F16F15/26
CPC分类号： F16F15/267 , Y10T74/2173 , Y10T74/2184 , Y10T74/2185
摘要： A bearing for compensating masses for compensation of forces due to inertia as well as moments of inertia is in the form of a constructive unit made of the compensating masses and the support, whereby the outer mantle surface of the compensating masses provide the support surface. Furthermore, the compensating masses and the gear wheel comprise a unit whereby the exact angular coordination of crank shaft and compensating mass is ensured. The bearing arrangement results in a secondary mass compensation.
摘要翻译：用于补偿质量的用于补偿惯性力矩和惯性力矩的轴承是由补偿块和支撑件构成的构造单元的形式，由此补偿块的外套表面提供支撑表面。此外，补偿质量和齿轮包括一个单元，从而确保了曲轴和补偿质量的精确角配合。轴承布置导致二次质量补偿。

40. 发明授权

US5086738A Motor brake for air-compressing internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于空气压缩内燃机的电动制动器
公开(公告)号：US5086738A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-11
申请号：US667050
申请日：1991-03-08
申请人： Heribert Kubis , Dieter Wittmann
发明人： Heribert Kubis , Dieter Wittmann
IPC分类号： F02D13/04 , F01L13/06 , F02B3/06 , F02D9/06
CPC分类号： F01L13/06 , F01L2105/00 , F02B3/06
摘要： A motor brake for an air-compressing internal combustion engine is provided. A hydraulic linkage system is disposed between a cam and an exhaust valve, and communicates via a connecting line with a high-speed solenoid valve and a linkage oil compensating system of an engine lubricating-oil circuit. A control valve is disposed in an exhaust manifold of the engine and upon actuation of the motor brake partially closes off the exhaust manifold along with activation of the solenoid valve. Via the interposition of a control unit, signals of at least one sensor are conveyed to a solenoid of the solenoid valve in such a way that, upon actuation of the motor brake during a specific time interval during lifting of a valve tappet via a projection of the cam in a compression phase, the solenoid valve is closed. The time interval is derived via processing of signals of the sensor formed from the cam position and camshaft speed. The cam is divided into six sectors having a first angular range for opening the exhaust valve in an exhaust phase, a second angular range for filling a cylinder space of the valve tappet, a third angular range for initiating closure of the solenoid valve, a fourth angular range for the cam projection, a fifth angular range for reopening the solenoid valve, and a sixth angular range for emptying the cylinder space.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于空气压缩内燃机的马达制动器。液压联动系统设置在凸轮和排气阀之间，并通过连接管路与高速电磁阀和发动机润滑油回路的连接油补偿系统连通。控制阀设置在发动机的排气歧管中，并且当马达制动器的致动与电磁阀的启动一起部分地封闭排气歧管。通过控制单元的插入，至少一个传感器的信号被传送到电磁阀的螺线管，使得在特定的时间间隔期间，在电动挺杆提升期间通过电动机制动器的突出部凸轮处于压缩阶段，电磁阀关闭。通过处理从凸轮位置和凸轮轴速度形成的传感器的信号得到时间间隔。凸轮被分成六个扇区，其具有用于在排气相中打开排气门的第一角度范围，用于填充阀挺杆的气缸空间的第二角度范围，用于启动电磁阀闭合的第三角度范围，第四用于凸轮突起的角度范围，用于重新打开电磁阀的第五角度范围和用于排空气缸空间的第六角度范围。

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