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1. 发明申请

WO2011022058A1 SILICON-RICH ALLOYS 审中-公开
标题翻译：有机硅合金
公开(公告)号：WO2011022058A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：PCT/US2010/002271
申请日：2010-08-19
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , FISCHER, David, A.
发明人： SCHUH, Christopher, A. , FISCHER, David, A.
IPC分类号： C22C28/00
CPC分类号： C22C28/00
摘要： Castable silicon-based compositions have enhanced toughness and related properties compared to silicon. The silicon-based compositions comprise silicon at a concentration greater than 50% by weight and one or more additional elements in structure comprising a cubic silicon phase and an additional phase which may impart toughness through mechanisms related to plastic flow or crack interaction with interfacial boundaries.
摘要翻译：与硅相比，可铸造硅基组合物具有增强的韧性和相关性能。硅基组合物包含浓度大于50重量％的硅，并且结构中的一个或多个附加元素包括立方硅相和附加相，其可以通过与界面界限的塑性流动或裂纹相互作用相关的机制赋予韧性。

2. 发明申请

WO2012106414A1 THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESS TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF GRAIN BOUNDARY NETWORKS IN METAL ALLOYS 审中-公开
标题翻译：加强金属合金中粒子边界网络质量的机械加工过程
公开(公告)号：WO2012106414A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-09
申请号：PCT/US2012/023458
申请日：2012-02-01
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , MITSUBISHI MATERIALS CORPORATION , YAGUCHI, Kenichi , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
发明人： YAGUCHI, Kenichi , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
IPC分类号： C22C9/00 , C22F1/08
CPC分类号： C22F1/08 , C22C9/00
摘要： Methods to enhance the quality of grain boundary networks are described. The process can result in the production of a metal including a relatively large fraction of special grain boundaries (e.g., a fraction of special grain boundaries of at least about 55%).
摘要翻译：描述了提高晶界网络质量的方法。该方法可以产生包括相当大部分特殊晶界（例如，至少约55％的特殊晶界的一部分）的金属。

3. 发明申请

WO2013066454A2 TUNING NANO-SCALE GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN MULTILAYERED ALLOYS ELECTRODEPOSITED USING IONIC SOLUTIONS, INCLUDING A1-MN AND SIMILAR ALLOYS 审中-公开
标题翻译：在使用离子解决方案（包括A1-MN和类似合金）电沉积的多层合金中调整纳米尺寸粒度分布
公开(公告)号：WO2013066454A2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-10
申请号：PCT/US2012/049371
申请日：2012-08-02
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , CAI, Wenjun , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
发明人： CAI, Wenjun , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
IPC分类号： C25D3/02
CPC分类号： C25D21/12 , C25D3/56 , C25D3/66 , C25D3/665 , C25D5/10 , C25D5/18 , C25D17/10
摘要： Al—Mnx/Al—Mny multilayers with a wide range of structures ranging from microcrystalline to nanocrystalline and amorphous were electrodeposited using a single bath method under galvanostatic control from room temperature ionic liquid. By varying the Mn composition by - 1 - 3 at. % between layers, the grain sizes in one material can be systematically modulated between two values. For example, one specimen alternates between grain sizes of about 21 and 52 nm, in an alloy of average composition of 10.3 at.% Mn. Nanoindentation testing revealed multilayers with finer grains and higher Mn content exhibited better resistance to plastic deformation. Other alloy systems also are expected to be electrodeposited under similar circumstances.
摘要翻译：在室温离子液体的恒电流控制下，使用单浴法电沉积具有范围广泛的结构范围从微晶到纳米晶和无定形的Al-Mnx / Al-Mny多层。通过将Mn组成改变为1-3。层之间的％，一种材料中的晶粒尺寸可以在两个值之间进行系统调制。例如，一个样品在平均组成为10.3原子％的Mn的合金中交替在约21和52nm的晶粒尺寸之间。纳米压痕测试揭示了具有更细晶粒的多层膜，较高的Mn含量表现出更好的抗塑性变形能力。预期其他合金系统也将在类似的情况下电沉积。

4. 发明申请

WO2011046783A2 ELECTRODEPOSITED ALLOYS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME USING POWER PULSES 审中-公开
标题翻译：电沉积合金及其使用电源脉冲制造相同方法
公开(公告)号：WO2011046783A2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-21
申请号：PCT/US2010/051630
申请日：2010-10-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , RUAN, Shiyun , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
发明人： RUAN, Shiyun , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
IPC分类号： C25D3/66
CPC分类号： C25D3/665 , C25C3/06 , C25C3/18 , C25D3/44 , C25D3/56 , C25D3/66 , C25D5/10 , C25D5/18 , C25D21/12
摘要： Power pulsing, such as current pulsing, is used to control the structures of metals and alloys electrodeposited in non-aqueous electrolytes. Using waveforms containing different types of pulses: cathodic, off -time and anodic, internal microstructure, such as grain size, phase composition, phase domain size, phase arrangement or distribution and surface morphologies of the as-deposited alloys can be tailored. Additionally, these alloys exhibit superior macroscopic mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, ductility and density. Waveform shape methods can produce aluminum alloys that are comparably hard (about 5 GPa and as ductile (about 13% elongation at fracture) as steel yet nearly as light as aluminum; or, stated differently, harder than aluminum alloys, yet lighter than steel, at a similar ductility. Al-Mn alloys have been made with such strength to weight ratios. Additional properties can be controlled, using the shape of the current waveform.
摘要翻译：使用诸如电流脉冲的功率脉冲来控制电沉积在非水电解质中的金属和合金的结构。使用包含不同类型脉冲的波形：阴极，非正时和阳极，可定制内部微观结构，例如晶粒尺寸，相组成，相域尺寸，相位布置或分布以及沉积合金的表面形貌。另外，这些合金表现出优异的宏观力学性能，例如强度，硬度，延展性和密度。波形形状方法可以产生相当硬（约5GPa）和作为延性（约13％的断裂伸长率）的铝合金，但几乎与铝一样轻;或者说不同于铝合金比钢更硬，以类似的延展性制造Al-Mn合金，其重量比可以通过使用电流波形的形状来控制。

5. 发明申请

WO2009035444A1 METHODS FOR TAILORING THE SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF A NANOCRYSTALLINE OR AMORPHOUS METAL OR ALLOY AND ARTICLES FORMED BY SUCH METHODS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于定制纳米晶体或非晶态金属或合金的表面形貌的方法和通过这些方法形成的制品
公开(公告)号：WO2009035444A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-19
申请号：PCT/US2007/023939
申请日：2007-11-14
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , RUAN, Shiyun
发明人： SCHUH, Christopher, A. , RUAN, Shiyun
IPC分类号： C25F3/14 , C25F3/08 , C25D5/48 , C25D5/18
CPC分类号： C25D5/48 , B23H9/008 , C25D5/18 , C25F3/08 , C25F3/14
摘要： Electrochemical etching tailors topography of a nanocrystalline or amorphous metal or alloy, which may be produced by any method including, by electrochemical deposition. Common etching methods can be used. Topography can be controlled by varying parameters that produce the item or the etching parameters or both. The nanocrystalline article has a surface comprising at least two elements, at least one of which is metal, and one of which is more electrochemically active than the others. The active element has a definite spatial distribution in the workpiece, which bears a predecessor spatial relationship to the specified topography. Etching removes a portion of the active element preferentially, to achieve the specified topography. Control is possible regarding: roughness, color, particularly along a spectrum from silver through grey to black, reflectivity and the presence, distribution and number density of pits and channels, as well as their depth, width, size. Processing parameters that have been correlated in the Ni-W system to topography features include, for both the deposition phase and the etching phase of a nanocrystalline surface: duty cycle, current density, deposition duration, plating chemistry, polarity ratio. The relative influence of the processing parameters can be noted and correlated to establish a relationship between values for processing parameters and degree of topography feature. Control can be established over the topography features. Correlation can be made for any such system that exhibits a definite spatial distribution of an active element that bears a predecessor spatial relationship to a desired topography feature.
摘要翻译：电化学蚀刻定制纳米晶体或非晶态金属或合金的形貌，其可以通过任何方法产生，包括通过电化学沉积。可以使用常用的蚀刻方法。地形可以通过产生项目或蚀刻参数的变化参数或两者来控制。纳米晶体制品具有包括至少两个元素的表面，其中至少一个是金属，并且其中之一比其他元素更具有电化学活性。活动元件在工件上具有一定的空间分布，与指定的地形具有先前的空间关系。蚀刻优先移除有效元件的一部分，以实现指定的形貌。控制是可能的：粗糙度，颜色，特别是从银色到灰色到黑色的光谱，反射率以及凹坑和通道的存在，分布和数量密度，以及它们的深度，宽度，尺寸。在Ni-W系统中与地形特征相关的处理参数包括对于纳米晶体表面的沉积阶段和蚀刻阶段：占空比，电流密度，沉积持续时间，电镀化学，极性比。可以注意和相关处理参数的相对影响，以建立处理参数值和地形特征度之间的关系。可以在地形特征上建立控制。可以对任何这样的系统进行相关性，该系统表现出与期望的地形特征呈现前一空间关系的有源元件的确定的空间分布。

6. 发明申请

WO2006076155A2 PRODUCTION OF METAL GLASS IN BULK FORM 审中-公开
标题翻译：生产大量金属玻璃
公开(公告)号：WO2006076155A2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-20
申请号：PCT/US2005/046917
申请日：2005-12-27
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , DETOR, Andrew, J.
发明人： SCHUH, Christopher, A. , DETOR, Andrew, J.
IPC分类号： C25D5/00 , C25D3/66 , B32B17/06 , B32B15/04
CPC分类号： C25D21/12 , C25D3/66 , C25D5/022 , C25D21/18
摘要： A method for fabricating metal glasses in bulk form uses electrodeposition. Careful control is maintained of: (i) bath chemistry, (ii) deposition temperature; and (iii) electrical plating conditions, such as the current density, for an extended period of time, such as six hours. Composition of electrodeposition liquid is closely controlled, and adjusted when it differs from desired. Monitoring can be active, as by spectrophotometric analysis, or by comparison of time to a calibration table. A dissolving anode can replenish depleted components. Temperature of the liquid is typically maintained within ±2°C. Object composition can be, but is not limited to: Nickel (Ni) and Tungsten (W); Iron (Fe) and Molybdenum (Mo); Iron (Fe) and Tungsten (W); Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo); Nickel (Ni) and Phosphorous (P); Nickel (Ni), Tungsten (W) and Boron (B); Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) and Carbon (C); Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Phosphorous (P) and Carbon (C); Cobalt (Co) and Tungsten (W); Chromium (Cr) and Phosphorous (P); Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag); Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn); Cobalt (Co) and Zinc (Zn). Metal glass bulk objects can be electroformed from elements that can not be cast, either due to excessively high melting temperatures, or less than perfect miscibility. Metal glass objects can be unitary, or may include a core of another material. Electrodeposition liquid may be aqueous, alcohol, hydrogen chloride, or metal salt. Useful metal glass objects include but are not limited to at least a portion of: a golf clu7b head; a racquet head, for instance a tennis or squash racquet head; a snowboard; a ski edge; knife blade cutting edge; and many different types of springs.
摘要翻译：用于制造散装形式的金属玻璃的方法使用电沉积。保持仔细的控制：（i）浴化学，（ii）沉积温度; 和（iii）电镀条件，例如电流密度，延长的时间段，例如6小时。电沉积液的组成被严格控制，并且当它不同于期望时进行调节。可以通过分光光度分析或通过与校准表的时间比较来监测。溶解阳极可以补充耗尽的组分。液体的温度通常保持在±2℃以内。对象组成可以是但不限于：镍（Ni）和钨（W）; 铁（Fe）和钼（Mo）; 铁（Fe）和钨（W）; 镍（Ni）和钼（Mo）; 镍（Ni）和磷（P）; 镍（Ni），钨（W）和硼（B）; 铁（Fe），镍（Ni）和碳（C）; 铁（Fe），铬（Cr），磷（P）和碳（C）; 钴（Co）和钨（W）; 铬（Cr）和磷（P）; 铜（Cu）和银（Ag）; 铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）; 钴（Co）和锌（Zn）。金属玻璃散装物体可以由于熔融温度过高或不完全的混溶性而由不能铸造的元件电铸而成。金属玻璃物体可以是单一的，或者可以包括另一种材料的核心。电沉积液可以是水，醇，氯化氢或金属盐。有用的金属玻璃物体包括但不限于：高尔夫球杆头部的至少一部分; 一个球拍头，例如网球或壁球拍头; 一个滑雪板滑雪边刀刃切割边; 和许多不同类型的弹簧。

7. 发明申请

WO2008054652A1 NANOSTRUCTURED ALLOY COATED THREADED METAL SURFACES AND METHODS OF PRODUCING SAME 审中-公开
标题翻译：纳米结构合金涂层螺纹金属表面及其生产方法
公开(公告)号：WO2008054652A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-08
申请号：PCT/US2007/022348
申请日：2007-10-19
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , CASTRO, Pablo, A.
发明人： SCHUH, Christopher, A. , CASTRO, Pablo, A.
IPC分类号： A61K9/14 , C25D3/56
CPC分类号： C25D7/10 , C25D5/14 , C25D5/18 , C25D15/02
摘要： A method for protecting a threaded metal joint from galling and corrosion includes providing a nanocrystalline coating on the metal surface. The nanocrystalline coating can include a solid or liquid lubricant to protect against wear. Threaded metal joint surfaces coated with the nanocrystalline coating can resist galling under high pressure and high torque, even after several fastening and unfastening operations and also over a long period of time. Protection from corrosion is also provided by the nanocrystalline coating. The method and nanocrystalline coating provide metal surfaces with both lubrication and protection against corrosion. Problems such as removal or leakage, which are associated with protective compounds that use oils, are avoided. The nanocrystalline coatings may be layers of the same material, or layers of differeing materials, such as layers with lubricating particles dispersed throughout, and layers without lubricating particles. Such coatings may provide reduced wear, friction, corrosion and galling. Such coated threaded articles are very useful in messy and dirty environments, such as oil production and oil handling industries.
摘要翻译：用于保护螺纹金属接头免受磨损和腐蚀的方法包括在金属表面上提供纳米晶体涂层。纳米晶体涂层可以包括固体或液体润滑剂以防止磨损。涂覆有纳米晶体涂层的螺纹金属接头表面即使经过多次紧固和松开操作，也可长时间在高压力和高扭矩下可以抵抗磨损。纳米晶体涂层也提供了防腐蚀。该方法和纳米晶体涂层为金属表面提供润滑和防腐蚀。避免与使用油的保护性化合物相关的诸如去除或渗漏的问题。纳米晶体涂层可以是相同材料或不同材料层的层，例如具有分散在其中的润滑颗粒的层，以及没有润滑颗粒的层。这样的涂层可以减少磨损，摩擦，腐蚀和磨损。这种涂层螺纹制品在混乱和肮脏的环境中非常有用，例如石油生产和油处理行业。

8. 发明申请

WO2008057123A1 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CR-C-P HARD COATINGS ANNEALED AT HIGH TEMPERATURE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于高温应用的高温退火CR-C-P硬涂层的制备和性能
公开(公告)号：WO2008057123A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-15
申请号：PCT/US2007/000146
申请日：2007-01-04
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , GINES, Marcelo, J.L.
发明人： SCHUH, Christopher, A. , GINES, Marcelo, J.L.
IPC分类号： C22C27/06
CPC分类号： C22C27/06 , C25D3/06 , C25D5/50 , Y10T428/24802
摘要： Chromium plating from the trivalent state is relatively environmentally friendly as compared to a hexavalent chromium bath. Incorporation of non-metallic and metalloid elements into the coating should lead to enhanced properties. The relationship between composition, structure, and properties o annealed Cr-C-P layers electrodeposited from chromium-based trivalent baths is discussed. These coatings are amorphous in the as-deposited state, but upon thermal treatments, chromium nanoσrystallization, as well as precipitation of carbides and phosphides occurs. Incorporation of phosphorous strongly influences the structural evolution and mechanical properties. Electroplated Cr-C alloy coatings exhibit significant increases in hardness and strength, when exposed to temperatures up to about 600 0 C, owing to the evolution of their nanostructure. This evolution can be shifted to higher temperatures (approaching 850 0 C), through a ternary addition of phosphorous. The resulting Cr-C-P coatings may be suitabl for applications at higher service temperatures, where more conventional Cr-based coatings soften rapidly.
摘要翻译：与六价铬浴相比，来自三价态的镀铬相对环境友好。将非金属和准金属元素掺入涂层应导致增强的性能。讨论了从铬基三价电池电沉积的退火Cr-C-P层的组成，结构和性能之间的关系。这些涂层在沉积状态下是无定形的，但是在热处理时，会发生铬纳米结晶，以及碳化物和磷化物的析出。磷的结合强烈地影响结构演化和机械性能。由于其纳米结构的演变，电镀Cr-C合金涂层在暴露于高达约600℃的温度时表现出显着的硬度和强度的增加。这种演变可以通过三元加成磷转移到更高的温度（接近850℃）。所得的Cr-C-P涂层可适用于较高使用温度的应用，其中更常规的Cr基涂层快速软化。

9. 发明申请

WO2007046870A2 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALLOY DEPOSITS AND CONTROLLING THE NANOSTRUCTURE THEREOF USING NEGATIVE CURRENT PULSING ELECTRO-DEPOSITION, AND ARTICLES INCORPORATING SUCH DEPOSITS 审中-公开
标题翻译：生产合金沉积物的方法和使用负电流脉冲电沉积控制其纳米结构的方法和包含这种沉积物的文献
公开(公告)号：WO2007046870A2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-26
申请号：PCT/US2006/019830
申请日：2006-05-23
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , DETOR, Andrew, J. , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
发明人： DETOR, Andrew, J. , SCHUH, Christopher, A.
IPC分类号： C25D3/56
CPC分类号： C25D5/18 , C25D3/56 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12771 , Y10T428/12806
摘要： Bipolar wave current, with both positive and negative current portions, is used to electrodeposit a nanocrystalline grain size deposit. Polarity Ratio is the ratio of the absolute value of the time integrated amplitude of negative polarity current and positive polarity current. Grain size can be precisely controlled in alloys of two or more chemical components, at least one of which is a metal, and at least one of which is most electro-active. Typically, although not always, the amount of the more electro-active material is preferentially lessened in the deposit during times of negative current. The deposit also exhibits superior macroscopic quality, being relatively crack and void free. Parameters of current density, duration of pulse portions, and composition of the bath are determined with reference to constitutive relations showing grain size as a function of deposit composition, and deposit composition as a function of Polarity Ratio, or, perhaps, a single relation showing grain size as a function of Polarity ratio. A specified grain size can be achieved by selecting a corresponding Polarity Ratio, based on these relations. Coatings can be in layers, each having an average grain size, which can vary layer to layer and also in a region in a graded fashion. Coatings can be chosen for environmental protection (corrosion, abrasion) , decorative properties, and for the same uses as a hard chrome coating. A finished article may be built upon a substrate of electro-conductive plastic, or metal, including steels, aluminum, brass. The substrate may remain, or be removed.
摘要翻译：使用具有正和负电流部分的双极波电流来电沉积纳米晶粒度沉积物。极性比是负极性电流和正极性电流的时间积分振幅的绝对值的比。晶粒尺寸可以精确地控制在两种或更多种化学成分的合金中，其中至少一种是金属，并且其中至少一种最具有电活性。通常，虽然并不总是，但是在负电流期间，沉积物中较多的电活性材料的量优先减少。沉积物还具有优异的宏观质量，相对破裂和无空隙。参考电势密度，脉冲部分持续时间和组成的参数，参考显示作为沉积组成的函数的晶粒尺寸和作为极性比的函数的沉积组分的本构关系，或者可能是显示粒度作为极性比的函数。基于这些关系，可以通过选择相应的极性比来实现特定的晶粒尺寸。涂层可以是层，每层具有平均晶粒尺寸，其可以逐层变化，也可以在渐变方式的区域中变化。可以选择涂料用于环境保护（腐蚀，磨损），装饰性能以及与硬铬涂层相同的用途。成品可以建立在导电塑料或金属的基底上，包括钢，铝，黄铜。衬底可以保留或被移除。

10. 发明申请

WO2006081322A1 TRANSIENT MIGRATING PHASE LOW TEMPERATURE JOINING OF CO-SINTERED PARTICULATE MATERIALS INCLUDING A CHEMICAL REACTION 审中-公开
标题翻译：包含化学反应的共烧颗粒材料的瞬态迁移相温度低温接合
公开(公告)号：WO2006081322A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：PCT/US2006/002699
申请日：2006-01-25
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BOONYONGMANEERAT, Yuttanant , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , EAGAR, Thomas, W.
发明人： BOONYONGMANEERAT, Yuttanant , SCHUH, Christopher, A. , EAGAR, Thomas, W.
IPC分类号： B32B17/06 , B22F7/00
CPC分类号： C04B37/021 , B32B2311/06 , B32B2311/22 , C04B37/025 , C04B37/026 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/6582 , C04B2235/96 , C04B2237/062 , C04B2237/10 , C04B2237/122 , C04B2237/34 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , C04B2237/403 , C04B2237/405 , C04B2237/408 , C04B2237/60
摘要： A method joins bodies of two component materials, at least one of which is a particulate, at low temperature. A third component has a lower melting point than either of the components. The third component chemically reacts with one or both of the first two to form material with a higher melting point than the original third component. The system is heated to at or above that melting point. The third component melts and flows, migrating to. fill spaces between particles. The fluid should migrate to and across the interface, bridging the two component materials. The migrating phase network connects across the joining interface. The reaction product remains solid at temperatures above the original melting point of the third component. The migrating phase can be the liquefied form of the third component, or, a glass, heated to act as a supercooled liquid.
摘要翻译：在低温下，一种方法连接两种组分材料的物体，其中至少一种是微粒。第三组分的熔点比任一组分低。第三组分与前两种中的一种或两种发生化学反应以形成具有比原始第三组分更高的熔点的材料。将该系统加热至该熔点以上。第三个组件熔化和流动，迁移到。填充颗粒之间的空间。流体应迁移到界面并跨过界面，桥接两种组分材料。迁移阶段网络通过连接界面进行连接。反应产物在高于第三组分原始熔点的温度下保持固体。迁移相可以是第三组分的液化形式，或加热以充当过冷液体的玻璃。

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