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1. 发明申请

WO2009120678A3 BIRCH REDUCTION OF STEROID SUBSTRATES VIA ALKALI METAL-SILICA GEL MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过碱性金属二氧化硅凝胶材料减少固体底物
公开(公告)号：WO2009120678A3
公开(公告)日：2010-01-07
申请号：PCT/US2009038070
申请日：2009-03-24
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , COSTANZO MICHAEL J , PATEL MITUL N , VOGT PAUL F
发明人： COSTANZO MICHAEL J , PATEL MITUL N , VOGT PAUL F
IPC分类号： C07J71/00 , C07J1/00
CPC分类号： C07J1/0077 , C07J51/00
摘要： Steroids are well known, medicinal relevant, chemical entities. There are numerous steroids which have fully or partially reduced 1A' rings. These fully or partially reduced 1A' rings have been reduced in the past through Birch and other dissolving metal reductions. Novel reducing conditions for steroid substrates are described which utilizes stabilized alkali metal - silica gel materials. The invention relates to a method for reducing a double bond within a steroid by contacting an unsaturated steroid having a phenyl ring with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material in the presence of a proton source under reaction conditions sufficient to form a reduced steroid having a diene structure.
摘要翻译：类固醇是众所周知的，药物相关的化学实体。有许多具有完全或部分减少的1A'环的类固醇。过去这些完全或部分减少的1A'环已经通过Birch和其他溶解金属减少而减少。描述了使用稳定的碱金属 - 硅胶材料的类固醇底物的新型还原条件。本发明涉及一种在类固醇中还原双键的方法，该方法通过在质子源存在下使具有苯环的不饱和类固醇与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料接触，所述反应条件足以形成具有二烯结构的还原类固醇。

2. 发明申请

WO2008031101A3 LITHIUM-POROUS METAL OXIDE COMPOSITIONS AND LITHIUM REAGENT-POROUS METAL COMPOSITIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：锂金属氧化物组合物和锂试剂多孔金属组合物
公开(公告)号：WO2008031101A3
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：PCT/US2007078048
申请日：2007-09-10
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L , NANDI PARTHA , JACKSON JAMES
发明人： LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L , NANDI PARTHA , JACKSON JAMES
IPC分类号： B01J23/02 , B01J20/00 , B01J21/00 , B01J21/04 , B01J23/00 , B01J23/04 , B01J23/08
CPC分类号： C07F1/02 , C01C1/026 , C01D15/00 , C01P2002/86 , C01P2002/87 , C01P2002/89 , C01P2006/16 , Y02P20/52
摘要： The invention relates to lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions. These lithium metal compositions are prepared by mixing liquid lithium metal with a porous metal oxide in an inert atmosphere under exothermic conditions sufficient to absorb the liquid lithium metal into the porous metal oxide pores. The lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are preferably loaded with lithium metal up to about 40% by weight, with about 20% to 40% by weight being the most preferred loading. The invention also relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. In formula RLi, R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, or an NR1R2 group; R1 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group; and R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and an alkaryl group. The preparation and use of these compositions are also described.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。这些锂金属组合物通过在惰性气氛中将液态锂金属与多孔金属氧化物混合，在足以将液态锂金属吸收到多孔金属氧化物孔中的放热条件下来制备。本发明的锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物优选负载高达约40重量％的锂金属，其中最优选的负载量为约20重量％至40重量％。本发明还涉及具有吸收到多孔氧化物中的RLi的锂试剂多孔金属氧化物组合物。在式RLi中，R是烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基，烷芳基或NR1R2基团; R1是烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基，烷芳基; R2是氢，烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基和烷芳基。还描述了这些组合物的制备和用途。

3. 发明申请

WO2006036697A2 TITANIUM OXIDE AND ALUMINA ALKALI METAL COMPOSTIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：氧化钛和氧化铝碱金属组合物
公开(公告)号：WO2006036697A2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-06
申请号：PCT/US2005/033823
申请日：2005-09-22
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY , LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L.
发明人： LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L.
IPC分类号： B01J23/04 , C07F1/02 , C07C17/25
CPC分类号： C01G23/00 , B01J21/04 , B01J21/063 , B01J23/04 , B01J35/1061 , B01J35/1066 , B01J37/0081 , B01J37/0201 , B01J37/023 , B01J37/08 , C01B3/042 , C01B3/065 , C01B3/08 , C01P2006/16 , C07C1/26 , C07C2/861 , C07C5/324 , C07C17/23 , C07C2521/04 , C07C2521/06 , C07C2523/04 , Y02E60/362 , Y02E60/364 , C07C15/18 , C07C15/20
摘要： The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150°C, an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition. It is believed that Stage I higher materials represent reductions of the porous metal oxide after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及包含选自多孔氧化钛和多孔氧化铝的多孔金属氧化物和碱金属或碱金属合金的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0和I材料。这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。可以使用下述方法或从较早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。阶段0材料可以例如使用Na和K的液体合金制备，其在等温条件下优选在或刚好高于室温下被多孔金属氧化物快速吸收，形成松散的黑色粉末，其保留大量的还原能力母体金属。当低熔点的第1族金属在约150℃下被吸收到多孔金属氧化物中时，放热反应产生阶段I材料，在干燥空气中稳定的松散的黑色粉末。进一步加热形成未知组成的较高级材料。据信，第一阶段较高的材料表示吸收第1族金属后多孔金属氧化物的减少。优选的本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物的每个阶段可以以与碱金属及其合金已知的相同方式用作与许多可还原的有机材料反应的还原剂。

4. 发明申请

WO2008031101A2 LITHIUM-POROUS METAL OXIDE COMPOSITIONS AND LITHIUM REAGENT-POROUS METAL COMPOSITIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：锂金属氧化物组合物和锂试剂多孔金属组合物
公开(公告)号：WO2008031101A2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-13
申请号：PCT/US2007/078048
申请日：2007-09-10
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLC , LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
发明人： LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
IPC分类号： H01M4/40
CPC分类号： C07F1/02 , C01C1/026 , C01D15/00 , C01P2002/86 , C01P2002/87 , C01P2002/89 , C01P2006/16 , Y02P20/52
摘要： The invention relates to lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions. These lithium metal compositions are prepared by mixing liquid lithium metal with a porous metal oxide in an inert atmosphere under exothermic conditions sufficient to absorb the liquid lithium metal into the porous metal oxide pores. The lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are preferably loaded with lithium metal up to about 40% by weight, with about 20% to 40% by weight being the most preferred loading. The invention also relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. In formula RLi, R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, or an NR 1 R 2 group; R 1 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group; and R 2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and an alkaryl group. The preparation and use of these compositions are also described.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。这些锂金属组合物通过在惰性气氛中将液态锂金属与多孔金属氧化物混合，在足以将液态锂金属吸收到多孔金属氧化物孔中的放热条件下来制备。本发明的锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物优选负载高达约40重量％的锂金属，其中最优选的负载量为约20重量％至40重量％。本发明还涉及具有吸收到多孔氧化物中的RLi的锂试剂多孔金属氧化物组合物。在式RLi中，R是烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基，烷芳基或NR 1 R 2 O 2基; R 1是烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基，烷芳基; R 2是氢，烷基，烯基，炔基，芳基和烷芳基。还描述了这些组合物的制备和用途。

5. 发明申请

WO2007095276A3 METHOD FOR DEPROTECTING ARYL OR ALKYL SULFONAMIDES OF PRIMARY OR SECONDARY AMINES 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于去除主要或次要氨基的亚芳基或亚氨基磺酰胺的方法
公开(公告)号：WO2007095276A3
公开(公告)日：2008-01-31
申请号：PCT/US2007003874
申请日：2007-02-13
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L , NANDI PARTHA , JACKSON JAMES
发明人： LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L , NANDI PARTHA , JACKSON JAMES
IPC分类号： C08F2/46 , C08G59/68 , C08J3/28
CPC分类号： C07D211/96 , C07C209/62 , C07C213/08 , C07C2601/14 , Y02P20/55 , C07C211/35 , C07C211/40 , C07C211/45 , C07C217/08
摘要： The invention relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by contacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material in the presence of a solid proton source under conditions sufficient to form the corresponding amine. The invention also relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by a) reacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material, and b) subsequently reacting the reaction product from step a) with an electrophile or a proton source. Preferred Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel materials include Na, K 2 Na, and Na 2 K.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在固体存在下使烷基磺酰胺或芳基磺酰胺与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料接触来从伯胺或仲胺除去烷基磺酰基或芳基磺酰基保护基的方法质子源在足以形成相应胺的条件下。本发明还涉及通过以下步骤从伯胺或仲胺除去烷基磺酰基或芳基磺酰基保护基的方法：a）使烷基磺酰胺或芳基磺酰胺与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料反应，b ）随后使来自步骤a）的反应产物与亲电试剂或质子源反应。优选的阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料包括Na，K 2 Na和Na 2 K。

6. 发明申请

WO2009120678A2 BIRCH REDUCTION OF STEROID SUBSTRATES VIA ALKALI METAL-SILICA GEL MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过碱性金属二氧化硅凝胶材料减少固体底物
公开(公告)号：WO2009120678A2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-01
申请号：PCT/US2009/038070
申请日：2009-03-24
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLC , COSTANZO, Michael, J. , PATEL, Mitul, N. , VOGT, Paul, F.
发明人： COSTANZO, Michael, J. , PATEL, Mitul, N. , VOGT, Paul, F.
IPC分类号： C07J71/00 , C07J1/00
CPC分类号： C07J1/0077 , C07J51/00
摘要： Steroids are well known, medicinal relevant, chemical entities. There are numerous steroids which have fully or partially reduced 1A' rings. These fully or partially reduced 1A' rings have been reduced in the past through Birch and other dissolving metal reductions. Novel reducing conditions for steroid substrates are described which utilizes stabilized alkali metal - silica gel materials. The invention relates to a method for reducing a double bond within a steroid by contacting an unsaturated steroid having a phenyl ring with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material in the presence of a proton source under reaction conditions sufficient to form a reduced steroid having a diene structure.
摘要翻译：类固醇是众所周知的，药物相关的化学实体。有许多具有完全或部分减少的1A'环的类固醇。过去这些完全或部分减少的1A'环已经通过Birch和其他溶解金属减少而减少。描述了使用稳定的碱金属 - 硅胶材料的类固醇底物的新型还原条件。本发明涉及一种在类固醇中还原双键的方法，该方法是在质子源存在下使反应条件下使具有苯环的不饱和类固醇与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料接触，所述反应条件足以形成具有二烯结构的还原类固醇。

7. 发明申请

WO2008131270A1 METHOD FOR GENERATING ALKALI METAL PHOSPHIDES THROUGH REDUCTION OF TRI-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINES WITH ALKALI METAL POROUS OXIDE COMPOSITIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过碱性金属多孔氧化物组合物还原三取代磷酸盐生成碱性金属磷酸盐的方法
公开(公告)号：WO2008131270A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-30
申请号：PCT/US2008/060888
申请日：2008-04-18
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLC , MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY , LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
发明人： LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
IPC分类号： C07F9/50
CPC分类号： C07F9/5022
摘要： Alkali metal phosphides are useful intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of phosphine derivatives. Many of these phosphine derivatives are important industrial compounds with applications as synthetic intermediates or as ligands in a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous synthetic processes. Alkali metal diarylphosphides in particular have been used in the synthesis of many phosphine ligands of importance. The invention relates to methods for generating and using alkali metal phosphides by reduction of the phosphorus sigma bonds of tri-substituted phosphorus derivatives with Group I metal/porous oxide compositions. Formula (I).
摘要翻译：碱金属磷化物是合成各种膦衍生物的有用中间体。这些膦衍生物中的许多是重要的工业化合物，其作为合成中间体或作为各种均相和异质合成方法中的配体。碱金属二芳基磷化物特别用于合成许多重要的膦配体。本发明涉及通过用III族金属/多孔氧化物组合物还原三取代磷衍生物的磷硅键来产生和使用碱金属磷化物的方法。式（I）。

8. 发明申请

WO2006036697A3 TITANIUM OXIDE AND ALUMINA ALKALI METAL COMPOSTIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：氧化钛和氧化铝碱金属组合物
公开(公告)号：WO2006036697A3
公开(公告)日：2006-05-04
申请号：PCT/US2005033823
申请日：2005-09-22
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , UNIV MICHIGAN STATE , LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L
发明人： LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L
IPC分类号： B01J23/00 , B01J20/00 , B01J21/04 , B01J23/02 , B01J23/04 , B01J23/08 , B01J31/00 , B01J37/00 , C01B3/08 , C07C17/25 , C07F1/02
CPC分类号： C01G23/00 , B01J21/04 , B01J21/063 , B01J23/04 , B01J35/1061 , B01J35/1066 , B01J37/0081 , B01J37/0201 , B01J37/023 , B01J37/08 , C01B3/042 , C01B3/065 , C01B3/08 , C01P2006/16 , C07C1/26 , C07C2/861 , C07C5/324 , C07C17/23 , C07C2521/04 , C07C2521/06 , C07C2523/04 , Y02E60/362 , Y02E60/364 , C07C15/18 , C07C15/20
摘要： The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150°C, an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition. It is believed that Stage I higher materials represent reductions of the porous metal oxide after absorption of the Group 1 metal. Preferred Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are those containing sodium, potassium, or sodium-potassium alloys with sodium and sodium-potassium alloys being most preferred. Each stage of the Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide composition of the invention may be used as a reducing agent reacting with a number of reducible organic materials in the same manner known for alkali metals and their alloys.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及包含选自多孔氧化钛和多孔氧化铝以及碱金属或碱金属合金的多孔金属氧化物的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。本发明的组合物被描述为阶段0和I材料。这些材料的制备和化学反应性不同。可以使用下面描述的方法或者从更早阶段的材料直接制备每个连续阶段。阶段0材料可以例如使用在等温条件下，优选在室温或稍高于室温下由多孔金属氧化物快速吸收的Na和K的液体合金来制备，以形成松散的黑色粉末，其保留大部分的还原能力母材。当低熔点第1族金属在约150℃吸收到多孔金属氧化物中时，放热反应产生阶段I材料，松散的黑色粉末在干燥空气中稳定。进一步加热形成组成未知的高阶段材料。据信，阶段I较高的材料表示吸收第1族金属后多孔金属氧化物的减少。本发明优选的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物是含有钠，钾或钠 - 钾合金的那些，其中钠和钠 - 钾合金是最优选的。本发明的第1族金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物的各阶段可用作与碱金属及其合金已知的相同方式与多种可还原有机材料反应的还原剂。

9. 发明申请

WO2005123586A2 SILICIDE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING ALKALI METALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME 审中-公开
标题翻译：含有碱金属的硅氧烷组合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：WO2005123586A2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-29
申请号：PCT/US2005020766
申请日：2005-06-14
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY LLC , UNIV MICHIGAN STATE , LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L
发明人： LEFENFELD MICHAEL , DYE JAMES L
IPC分类号： C01B3/08 , C01B33/06 , F24V30/00
CPC分类号： C11D7/04 , C01B3/06 , C01B3/08 , C01B33/06 , C11D17/042 , F24J1/00 , Y02E60/364
摘要： The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising miring an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475 °C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法，以及由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃。所得组合物不与干燥的O 2反应。此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个峰，其中2个角度选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2，固态Na MAS NMR光谱峰在约18ppm。此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

10. 发明申请

WO2007095276A2 METHOD FOR DEPROTECTING ARYL OR ALKYL SULFONAMIDES OF PRIMARY OR SECONDARY AMINES 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于去除主要或次要氨基的亚芳基或亚氨基磺酰胺的方法
公开(公告)号：WO2007095276A2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-23
申请号：PCT/US2007/003874
申请日：2007-02-13
申请人： SIGNA CHEMISTRY, LLC , LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
发明人： LEFENFELD, Michael , DYE, James, L. , NANDI, Partha , JACKSON, James
CPC分类号： C07D211/96 , C07C209/62 , C07C213/08 , C07C2601/14 , Y02P20/55 , C07C211/35 , C07C211/40 , C07C211/45 , C07C217/08
摘要： The invention relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by contacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material in the presence of a solid proton source under conditions sufficient to form the corresponding amine. The invention also relates to a method for removing an alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl protecting group from a primary or secondary amine by a) reacting an alkyl sulfonamide or an aryl sulfonamide with a Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel material, and b) subsequently reacting the reaction product from step a) with an electrophile or a proton source. Preferred Stage 0 or Stage I alkali metal - silica gel materials include Na, K 2 Na, and Na 2 K.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在固体存在下使烷基磺酰胺或芳基磺酰胺与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料接触来从伯胺或仲胺除去烷基磺酰基或芳基磺酰基保护基的方法质子源在足以形成相应胺的条件下。本发明还涉及通过以下步骤从伯胺或仲胺除去烷基磺酰基或芳基磺酰基保护基的方法：a）使烷基磺酰胺或芳基磺酰胺与阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料反应，b ）随后使来自步骤a）的反应产物与亲电试剂或质子源反应。优选的阶段0或阶段I碱金属 - 硅胶材料包括Na，K 2 Na和Na 2 K。

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