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1. 发明授权

US07858826B2 Process for producing 6-dimethylaminomethyl-phenyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diols 失效
标题翻译： 6-二甲基氨基甲基 - 苯基 - 环己烷-1,3-二醇的制备方法
公开(公告)号：US07858826B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-28
申请号：US12394727
申请日：2009-02-27
申请人： Wolfgang Hell , Oswald Zimmer , Markus Kegel , Olaf Schaefer , Felix Spindler , Anita Schnyder , Urs Siegrist , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachim Drexler
发明人： Wolfgang Hell , Oswald Zimmer , Markus Kegel , Olaf Schaefer , Felix Spindler , Anita Schnyder , Urs Siegrist , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachim Drexler
IPC分类号： C07C215/42
CPC分类号： C07C213/00 , C07B2200/07 , C07C2601/14 , C07C215/64 , C07C217/74
摘要： A process for producing 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diols from 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-3-ones by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts, or by using metal hydrides.
摘要翻译：由6-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-1-（3-羟基 - 或3-甲基-1-羟基-1-（3-羟基 - C1-C4烷氧基苯基） - 环己烷-3-酮，通过催化氢化在非均相或均相催化剂存在下，或通过使用金属氢化物。

2. 发明申请

US20090227813A1 Process for Producing 6-Dimethylaminomethyl-phenyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diols 失效
标题翻译：制备6-二甲基氨基甲基 - 苯基 - 环己烷-1,3-二醇的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090227813A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-10
申请号：US12394727
申请日：2009-02-27
申请人： Wolfgang Hell , Oswald Zimmer , Markus Kegel , Olaf Schaefer , Felix Spindler , Anita Schnyder , Urs Siegrist , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachim Drexler
发明人： Wolfgang Hell , Oswald Zimmer , Markus Kegel , Olaf Schaefer , Felix Spindler , Anita Schnyder , Urs Siegrist , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachim Drexler
IPC分类号： C07C215/44
CPC分类号： C07C213/00 , C07B2200/07 , C07C2601/14 , C07C215/64 , C07C217/74
摘要： A process for producing 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diols from 6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy- or 3-C1-C4 alkoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-3-ones by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts, or by using metal hydrides.
摘要翻译：由6-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-1-（3-羟基 - 或3-甲基-1-羟基-1-（3-羟基 - C1-C4烷氧基苯基） - 环己烷-3-酮，通过催化氢化在非均相或均相催化剂存在下，或通过使用金属氢化物。

3. 发明授权

US08791300B2 Process for preparing a substituted dimethyl-(3-arylbutyl)amine compound by homogeneous catalysis 有权
标题翻译：通过均相催化制备取代的二甲基 - （3-芳基丁基）胺化合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US08791300B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-29
申请号：US12113582
申请日：2008-05-01
申请人： Wolfgang Hell , Markus Kegel , Helmut Buschmann , Felix Spindler , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachin Drexler
发明人： Wolfgang Hell , Markus Kegel , Helmut Buschmann , Felix Spindler , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachin Drexler
IPC分类号： C07C211/00
CPC分类号： C07C213/08 , B01J31/2409 , B01J31/2433 , B01J31/2438 , B01J31/2457 , B01J31/2476 , B01J31/249 , B01J2231/645 , B01J2531/0263 , B01J2531/0266 , B01J2531/0272 , B01J2531/821 , B01J2531/822 , B01J2531/827 , C07C217/62
摘要： Compounds of the formula II can be hydrogenated to the corresponding butane derivatives in the presence of homogeneous cataslysts composed of metal salts or complexes containing metals selected from the group consisting of Rh, Ir, and Ru and preferably containing diphosphine ligands, with, in addition, excellent optical yields being achieved when one of R2 and R3 is not a hydrogen atom and the diphosphine ligand is chiral.
摘要翻译：在由含有选自Rh，Ir和Ru的金属和优选含有二膦配体的金属的金属盐或络合物构成的均匀的催化剂存在下，可将式II化合物氢化为相应的丁烷衍生物，另外，当R2和R3之一不是氢原子并且二膦配体是手性时，获得了优异的光学收率。

4. 发明申请

US20090043132A1 Process for Preparing a Substituted Dimethyl-(3-arylbutyl)amine Compound by Homogeneous Catalysis 有权
标题翻译：通过均相催化制备取代的二甲基 - （3-芳基丁基）胺化合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090043132A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-12
申请号：US12113582
申请日：2008-05-01
申请人： Wolfgang Hell , Markus Kegel , Helmut Buschmann , Felix Spindler , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachin Drexler
发明人： Wolfgang Hell , Markus Kegel , Helmut Buschmann , Felix Spindler , Detlef Heller , Hans-Joachin Drexler
IPC分类号： C07C211/43
CPC分类号： C07C213/08 , B01J31/2409 , B01J31/2433 , B01J31/2438 , B01J31/2457 , B01J31/2476 , B01J31/249 , B01J2231/645 , B01J2531/0263 , B01J2531/0266 , B01J2531/0272 , B01J2531/821 , B01J2531/822 , B01J2531/827 , C07C217/62
摘要： Compounds of the formula II can be hydrogenated to the corresponding butane derivatives in the presence of homogeneous cataslysts composed of metal salts or complexes containing metals selected from the group consisting of Rh, Ir, and Ru and preferably containing diphosphine ligands, with, in addition, excellent optical yields being achieved when one of R2 and R3 is not a hydrogen atom and the diphosphine ligand is chiral.
摘要翻译：在由含有选自Rh，Ir和Ru的金属和优选含有二膦配体的金属的金属盐或络合物构成的均匀的催化剂存在下，可将式II化合物氢化为相应的丁烷衍生物，另外，当R2和R3之一不是氢原子并且二膦配体是手性时，获得了优异的光学收率。

5. 发明申请

US20100029967A1 Diphosphine ligands 审中-公开
标题翻译：二膦配体
公开(公告)号：US20100029967A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-04
申请号：US12308941
申请日：2007-06-29
申请人： Benoit Pugin , Xiangdong Feng , Felix Spindler
发明人： Benoit Pugin , Xiangdong Feng , Felix Spindler
IPC分类号： C07F15/00
CPC分类号： C07F17/00 , B01J31/2295 , B01J31/2409 , B01J31/2428 , B01J2231/643 , B01J2231/645 , B01J2531/16 , B01J2531/17 , B01J2531/18 , B01J2531/821 , B01J2531/822 , B01J2531/824 , B01J2531/825 , B01J2531/827 , B01J2531/842 , B01J2531/845 , B01J2531/847 , C07B53/00 , C07F17/02
摘要： Compounds of the formulae I and Ia in the form of mixtures of diastereomers or pure diastereomers, (I), (Ia), where R1 is a hydrogen atom or C1-C4-alkyl and R′1 is C1-C4-alkyl; X1 and X2 are each, independently of one another, a sec-phosphino group; T is C6-C20-arylene or C4-C18-heteroarylene having heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, —N═ and N(C1-C4-alkyl); v is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4; X1 is bound in the ortho position relative to the T-C* bond; Q is vinyl, methyl, ethyl, —CH2—OR, —CH2—N(C1-C4-alkyl)2 or a C- or S-bonded chiral group which directs metals of metallation reagents into the ortho position; R is hydrogen, a silyl radical or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or aromatic-aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, F or CF3; are ligands for metal complexes as homogeneous catalyst in asymmetric syntheses.
摘要翻译：式（I），（Ia），其中R 1是氢原子或C 1 -C 4 - 烷基和R 11是C 1 -C 4 - 烷基的非对映异构体或纯非对映体混合物形式的式I和Ia化合物; X1和X2各自独立地为仲膦基; T是具有选自O，S，-N-和N（C 1 -C 4 - 烷基）的杂原子的C 6 -C 20亚芳基或C 4 -C 18亚杂芳基; v为0或1至4的整数; X1相对于T-C *键的邻位结合; Q是乙烯基，甲基，乙基，-CH 2 -OR，-CH 2 -N（C 1 -C 4烷基）2或C-或S-键合的手性基团，其将金属化试剂的金属引导到邻位; R是氢，具有1至18个碳原子且未被取代或被C 1 -C 4 - 烷基，C 1 -C 4 - 烷氧基，F或CF 3取代的甲硅烷基或脂族，脂环族，芳族或芳族 - 脂族烃基; 是不对称合成中金属络合物作为均相催化剂的配体。

6. 发明申请

US20090156851A1 Ferrocene-Diphosphine Ligands 审中-公开
标题翻译：二茂铁 - 二膦配体
公开(公告)号：US20090156851A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-18
申请号：US11990208
申请日：2006-08-10
申请人： Walter Weissensteiner , Yaping Wang , Felix Spindler , Benoit Pugin , Xiangdong Feng
发明人： Walter Weissensteiner , Yaping Wang , Felix Spindler , Benoit Pugin , Xiangdong Feng
IPC分类号： C07F9/02 , C07F15/02
CPC分类号： C07F17/02
摘要： Compounds of the formula (I) in the form of racemates, mixtures of stereoisomers or optically pure stereoisomers, formula (I), where X1 and X2 are each, independently of one another, a secondary phosphino group; R1 is a halogen atom or a—substituent bound via a C atom, N atom, S atom, Si atom, a P(O) group or a P(S) group to the cyclopentadienyl ring; R2 is C1-C4-alkyl or phenyl; m is from 1 to 3 and n is 0 or from 1 to 5, are ligands for complexes of transition metals as enantioselective and homogeneous catalysts. As a result of the substitution, the conversion, the stereoselectivity and/or the configuration of the adduct formed can be influenced and optimization of catalysts can be made possible in this way.
摘要翻译：式（I）化合物为外消旋体形式，立体异构体混合物或光学纯立体异构体式（I），其中X1和X2各自独立地为次膦基; R1是通过C原子，N原子，S原子，Si原子，P（O）基团或P（S）键连接到环戊二烯基环上的卤素原子或取代基; R2是C1-C4烷基或苯基; m为1至3，n为0或1至5为过渡金属络合物作为对映选择性和均相催化剂的配体。作为取代的结果，可以影响形成的加合物的转化率，立体选择性和/或构型，并且可以以这种方式使催化剂的优化成为可能。

7. 发明授权

US06881868B2 Process for the preparation of (R)-2-alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanols 失效
标题翻译：制备（R）-2-烷基-3-苯基-1-丙醇的方法
公开(公告)号：US06881868B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-19
申请号：US10312992
申请日：2001-06-26
申请人： Stefan Stutz , Peter Herold , Felix Spindler , Walter Weissensteiner , Thomas Sturm
发明人： Stefan Stutz , Peter Herold , Felix Spindler , Walter Weissensteiner , Thomas Sturm
IPC分类号： C07C41/20 , C07B61/00 , C07C29/147 , C07C29/17 , C07C43/23 , C07C69/734 , C07C69/736 , C07C41/18
CPC分类号： C07C29/17 , C07C29/147 , C07C43/23 , C07C69/734 , C07C33/20 , C07C33/30
摘要： Compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are, independently of one another, H,C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6halogenalkyl, C1-C6alkoxyl, C1-C6alkoxy-C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6alkoxy-C1-C6alkyloxy, and R3 is C1-C6alkyl, are obtainable in high yiedls by stereoselective addition of R3-substituted propionic acid esters to R1- and R2-substituted benzaldehydes of formula R—CHO to form corresponding 3-R-3-hydroxy-2-R3-propionic acid esters, conversion of the OH group to a leaving group, subsequent regioselective elimination to form 3-R-2-R3-propenic acid esters, and reduction to corresponding 3-R-2-R3-allyl alcohols and their enantioselective hydrogenation, wherein R is (a).
摘要翻译：式（I）化合物，其中R 1和R 2各自独立地为H，C 1 -C 3烷基， C 1 -C 6烷基，C 1 -C 6卤代烷基，C 1 -C 6烷氧基，C C 1 -C 6烷氧基-C 1 -C 6烷基或C 1 -C 12 -C 6 -C 6烷氧基-C 1 -C 6烷氧基，R 3是C 1 可以通过立体选择性加成R 3 - 取代的丙酸酯与R 1 - （C 1 -C 6）烷基取代，和R 2 CHO的R 2取代的苯甲醛形成相应的3-R-3-羟基-2-R 3 - 丙酸酯，OH基团的转化到离去基团，随后进行区域选择性消除以形成3-R-2-R 3 - 丙酸酯，并还原成相应的3-R-2-R 3 - 烯丙醇及其对映选择性氢化，其中R为（a）。

8. 发明授权

US06218559B1 Hydrogenation catalyst, process for the preparation thereof and hydrogenation process 有权
标题翻译：氢化催化剂，其制备方法和氢化方法
公开(公告)号：US06218559B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09267486
申请日：1999-03-11
申请人： Felix Spindler , Ulrich Pittelkow
发明人： Felix Spindler , Ulrich Pittelkow
IPC分类号： C07F726
CPC分类号： B01J31/1845 , B01J31/04 , B01J31/2295 , B01J31/24 , B01J31/2409 , B01J31/2419 , B01J31/2452 , B01J31/26 , B01J31/30 , B01J2231/643 , B01J2531/0205 , B01J2531/0266 , B01J2531/827 , B01J2531/842 , C07C209/52 , C07F15/004 , C07F17/02
摘要： Reaction products of an iridium(III) salt or a hydrate thereof, a diphosphine having secondary phosphine groups and a metal or ammonium chloride, bromide or iodide are excellent hydrogenation catalysts for ketimine. Using chiral diphosphines and prochiral ketimines, diastereoisomeric secondary amines are obtained in high optical yields.
摘要翻译：铱（III）盐或其水合物，具有仲膦基的二膦和金属或氯化铵，溴化物或碘化物的反应产物是用于酮亚胺的优异的氢化催化剂。使用手性二膦和前手性酮亚胺，以高光学收率获得非对映异构仲胺。

9. 发明授权

US5583241A Fluoroalkyl-substituted ferrocenyl diphosphines as ligands for homogeneous catalysts 失效
标题翻译：氟烷基取代的二茂铁基二膦作为均相催化剂的配体
公开(公告)号：US5583241A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-10
申请号：US313485
申请日：1994-09-27
申请人： Felix Spindler
发明人： Felix Spindler
IPC分类号： B01J31/22 , B01J31/24 , C07C209/52 , C07C213/08 , C07F17/02
CPC分类号： B01J31/2291 , B01J31/1805 , B01J31/2295 , B01J31/24 , B01J31/2404 , B01J31/2409 , C07C209/52 , C07C213/08 , C07F17/02 , B01J2231/643 , B01J2231/645 , B01J2531/0216 , B01J2531/822 , B01J2531/827 , B01J2531/842 , B01J2540/12 , B01J2540/40 , Y10S526/943
摘要： Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by 1 to 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy groups; R.sub.2 is a radical of formula II ##STR2## wherein R.sub.12 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl which is partially or completely fluorinated;R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, --SiR.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6, halogen, --SO.sub.3 M, CO.sub.2 M, --PO.sub.3 M, --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 or --[.sup..sym. NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 R.sub.9 ]X.sup..crclbar. ;m is an integer from 1 to 3, n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4, and the sum of m+n is 1 to 5;R.sub.3, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 have each independently of one another the same meaning as R.sub.2 or are each independently of one another C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, or phenyl which is substituted by one to three identical or different members selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, --SiR.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6, halogen, --SO.sub.3 M, --CO.sub.2 M, --PO.sub.3 M, --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 and --[.sup..sym. NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 R.sub.9 ]X.sup..crclbar. ;R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently of one another C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl;R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl orR.sub.7 and R.sub.8, taken together, are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxa-1,5-pentylene;R.sub.9 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,M is H or an alkali metal, X.sup..crclbar. is the anion of a monobasic acid, and * is a stereogenic carbon atom, in the form of their racemates and diastereoisomers or mixtures of diastereoisomers. Rhodium and iridium complexes with these ligands are suitable for use as homogeneous enantioselective catalysts for the hydrogenation of prochiral compounds containing carbon double bonds or carbon/hetero atom double bonds.
摘要翻译：式I的化合物其中R 1是C 1 -C 8烷基，苯基或被1至3个C 1 -C 4烷基或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的苯基; R2是式II的基团（II）其中R12是部分或完全氟化的C 1 -C 5烷基; R13是C1-C4烷基，C1-C4烷氧基，-SiR4R5R6，卤素，-SO3M，CO2M，-PO3M，-NR7R8或 - [（+）NR7R8R9] X（ - ）; m为1〜3的整数，n为0或1〜4的整数，m + n的和为1〜5。 R 3，R 10，R 11各自独立地为与R 2相同的含义或彼此独立地彼此独立地为C 1 -C 12烷基，C 5 -C 12环烷基，苯基，C 1 -C 4烷基 - 或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的C 5 -C 12环烷基或被一至三个相同或不同的选自C1-C4烷基，C1-C4烷氧基，-SiR4R5R6，卤素，-SO3M，-CO2M，-PO3M，-NR7R8和 - [（+）NR7R8R9] X（ - ）; R4，R5和R6各自独立地为C1-C12烷基或苯基; R 7和R 8是H，C 1 -C 12烷基或苯基或R 7和R 8一起是四亚甲基，五亚甲基或3-氧杂-1,5-亚戊基; R9是H或C1-C4烷基，M是H或碱金属，X（ - ）是一元酸的阴离子，*是其外消旋体和非对映异构体或非对映异构体混合物形式的立体碳原子。与这些配体的铑和铱配合物适合用作含碳双键或碳/杂原子双键的前手性化合物氢化的均匀对映选择性催化剂。

10. 发明授权

US5466844A Ferrocene diphosphines as ligands for homogeneous catalysts 失效
标题翻译：二茂铁二膦作为均相催化剂的配体
公开(公告)号：US5466844A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-14
申请号：US313484
申请日：1994-09-27
申请人： Felix Spindler , Amina Wirth-Tijani , Heidi Landert
发明人： Felix Spindler , Amina Wirth-Tijani , Heidi Landert
IPC分类号： B01J31/22 , B01J31/24 , C07B61/00 , C07C67/31 , C07C69/732 , C07C213/08 , C07C231/14 , C07C231/18 , C07C233/54 , C07F15/02 , C07F17/02
CPC分类号： C07F17/02 , B01J31/2291 , B01J31/2295 , B01J31/2409 , B01J31/2471 , C07C213/08 , C07C231/18 , C07C67/31 , B01J2231/643 , B01J2231/645 , B01J2531/0205 , B01J2531/822 , B01J2531/827 , B01J2531/842 , Y10S526/943
摘要： Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by 1 to 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy groups; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently of the other typically C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, phenyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, or phenyl which is substituted by one to three identical or different members selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen; R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are identical and are typically C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl or phenyl which is substituted by 1 to 3 identical or different members selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen; or R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are different and are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by 1 to 3 identical or different members selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen, and * denotes a stereogenic carbon atom, in the form of their racemates and diastereoisomers or mixtures of diastereoisomers.Rhodium and iridium complexes with these ligands are suitable for use as homogeneous enantioselective catalysts for the hydrogenation of prochiral compounds containing carbon double bonds or carbon/hetero atom double bonds.
摘要翻译：式I的化合物其中R 1为C 1 -C 8烷基，苯基或被1至3个C 1 -C 4烷基或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的苯基; R 2和R 3各自独立地为其它通常为C 1 -C 12烷基，C 5 -C 12环烷基，苯基或C 1 -C 4烷基 - 或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的C 5 -C 12环烷基或被一至三个相同或不同的选自由C 1 -C 4烷基，C 1 -C 4烷氧基或卤素组成的基团; R 10和R 11是相同的，并且通常是C 1 -C 12烷基，C 5 -C 12环烷基，C 1 -C 4烷基 - 或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的C 5 -C 12环烷基或被1至3个相同或不同的选自C1- C4烷基，C1-C4烷氧基或卤素; 或R 10和R 11不同，为C 1 -C 12烷基，C 5 -C 12环烷基，C 1 -C 4烷基 - 或C 1 -C 4烷氧基取代的C 5 -C 12环烷基，苯基或苯基，其被1至3个相同或不同的选自以下的基团取代： C1-C4烷基，C1-C4烷氧基或卤素，和*表示立体异构碳原子，以其外消旋体和非对映异构体的形式或非对映异构体的混合物。与这些配体的铑和铱配合物适合用作含碳双键或碳/杂原子双键的前手性化合物氢化的均匀对映选择性催化剂。

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