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1. 发明授权

US4820859A Process for the production of high energy material 失效
标题翻译：高能材料生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4820859A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-11
申请号：US794340
申请日：1985-11-05
申请人： Ross W. Millar , Norman C. Paul , David H. Richards
发明人： Ross W. Millar , Norman C. Paul , David H. Richards
IPC分类号： C07C201/02 , C07C203/04 , C08C19/40 , C07C77/02
CPC分类号： C08C19/40 , C07C201/02 , C07C243/02
摘要： A process for the production of a high energy material involves reacting, in an inert organic solvent, a heterocyclic compound selected from oxirane, aziridine, oxetane or azetidine with a nitrogen oxide selected from dinitrogen tetroxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.4) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.5) and, when the nitrogen oxide is N.sub.2 O.sub.4, oxidizing the O- or N- nitroso substituent or substituents in the product obtained to O- or N- nitro substituent or substituents. The heterocyclic compounds may be substituents or unsubstituted. In the former case the preferred substituents groups are halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, nitro and epoxy (as in epoxidized polybutadiene). The solvent is preferably a chlorinated alkane.Novel nitrated derivatives of polybutadiene, in which between 1% and 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymer are substituted by nitrate (ONO.sub.2), are also provided. These novel materials are liquid rubbers when the polybutadiene starting material has a molecular weight between 2000 and 10000.
摘要翻译：用于生产高能材料的方法包括在惰性有机溶剂中使选自环氧乙烷，氮丙啶，氧杂环丁烷或氮杂环丁烷的杂环化合物与选自四氧化二氮（N 2 O 4）和五氧化二氮（N 2 O 5）的氮氧化物反应，当氮氧化物是N 2 O 4时，将获得的产物中的O-或N-亚硝基取代基或取代基氧化成O-或N-硝基取代基。杂环化合物可以是取代基或未取代的。在前一种情况下，优选的取代基是卤素，烷基，烯基，硝基和环氧基（如在环氧化的聚丁二烯中）。溶剂优选为氯化烷烃。还提供了聚合物中1％至25％的碳原子被硝酸（ONO 2）取代的聚丁二烯的新型硝化衍生物。当聚丁二烯起始材料的分子量在2000和10000之间时，这些新型材料是液体橡胶。

2. 发明授权

US4985584A Process for the production of high energy materials 失效
标题翻译：高能材料生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4985584A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-15
申请号：US923054
申请日：1986-10-27
申请人： Ross W. Millar , Norman C. Paul , David H. Richards
发明人： Ross W. Millar , Norman C. Paul , David H. Richards
IPC分类号： C06B25/00 , C07C201/02 , C07C203/04 , C07C203/06 , C07C203/08 , C07D251/66 , C07F9/6593 , C08C19/40
CPC分类号： C07D251/66 , C06B25/00 , C07C201/02 , C07C243/02 , C07C253/30 , C07C269/06 , C07C273/1854 , C07C277/00 , C07F9/65815 , C08C19/40
摘要： A process for the production of a high energy nitrate ester involves reacting, in an inert organic solvent, a heterocyclic compound, selected from oxiranes, oxetanes, N-substituted aziridines and N-substituted azetidines, with either N.sub.2 O.sub.4 or N.sub.2 O.sub.5, and when the compound is reacted with N.sub.2 O.sub.4, oxidizing the O- or N-nitrate substituents or substituent in the product to O- or N-nitrate substituent or substituents. The remaining ring carbon atoms on the heterocyclic compound may be substituted or unsubstituted. Preferred substituent groups for the C and/or N ring atoms on the compound include alkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkyl, nitroalkyl, and substituted aryl.Several novel nitrate ester are also provided, including nitrated derivatives of polybutadiene, in which between 1% and 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymer are substituted by vicinal nitrate ester (--ONO.sub.2) groups.
摘要翻译：制备高能硝酸酯的方法包括在惰性有机溶剂中使选自环氧乙烷，氧杂环丁烷，N-取代的氮丙啶和N-取代的氮杂环丁烷与杂环化合物与N 2 O 4或N 2 O 5反应，当化合物与N2O4反应，将产物中的O-或N-硝酸盐取代基或取代基氧化成O-或N-硝酸盐取代基。杂环化合物上的剩余环碳原子可以是取代或未取代的。化合物上C和/或N环原子的优选取代基包括烷基，氰基烷基，卤代烷基，硝基烷基和取代的芳基。还提供了几种新的硝酸酯，包括聚丁二烯的硝化衍生物，其中聚合物中1％至25％的碳原子被连位硝酸酯（-ONO 2）基团取代。

3. 发明授权

US4518753A Anionic polymerization of conjugated dienes in the presence of hindered triaryl boron or aluminum derivatives 失效
标题翻译：在受阻的三芳基硼或铝衍生物存在下，共轭二烯的阴离子聚合
公开(公告)号：US4518753A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US485586
申请日：1983-04-15
申请人： David H. Richards , Malcolm J. Stewart
发明人： David H. Richards , Malcolm J. Stewart
IPC分类号： C08F4/00 , C08F2/60 , C08F4/42 , C08F36/04 , C08F4/52
CPC分类号： C08F36/04
摘要： A process for the anionic polymerization of a conjugated 1,3-diene in a polar solvent consists of contacting the 1,3-diene with an organo alkali or alkaline earth metal initiator and a sterically hindered Lewis acid, allowing the 1,3-diene to polymerize in the polar solvent and terminating the polymerization reaction. Preferably the Lewis acid is a substituted triaryl derivative of a Group III element, especially boron. However in certain cases (e.g. where the aryl derivative itself is large) the Lewis acid may be an unsubstituted triaryl derivative of a Group III element. Suitable Lewis acids include trimesityl boron and tri (2,6-dimethylphenyl) boron. In preferred embodiments of the present process the 1,3-diene is butadiene, the polar solvent is tetrahydrofuran and the initiator is a difunctional initiator, especially an electron transfer reagent. The main advantages of the present process are that polymers with enhanced 1,4-content, a narrow molecular weight distribution and, in the case of telechelic polymers, with an enhanced difunctional specificity are obtained.
摘要翻译：共轭1,3-二烯在极性溶剂中阴离子聚合的方法包括使1,3-二烯与有机碱或碱土金属引发剂和空间位阻路易斯酸接触，使1,3-二烯在极性溶剂中聚合并终止聚合反应。路易斯酸优选为III族元素的取代的三芳基衍生物，特别是硼。然而，在某些情况下（例如芳基衍生物本身较大），路易斯酸可以是III族元素的未取代的三芳基衍生物。合适的路易斯酸包括三苯甲基硼和三（2,6-二甲基苯基）硼。在本方法的优选实施方案中，1,3-二烯是丁二烯，极性溶剂是四氢呋喃，引发剂是双官能引发剂，特别是电子转移试剂。本发明方法的主要优点是获得具有增强的1,4-含量，窄分子量分布的聚合物和在遥爪聚合物的情况下具有增强的双功能特异性的聚合物。

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