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1. 发明授权

US5602395A Gamma camera having partial septas and moving septas for positron emission tomography (PET) 失效
标题翻译：具有部分隔膜的伽玛相机和用于正电子发射断层摄影（PET）的移动隔垫
公开(公告)号：US5602395A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US537008
申请日：1995-10-02
申请人： Peter Nellemann , Horace H. Hines , Gerd Muehllehner , Matthew J. Murphy
发明人： Peter Nellemann , Horace H. Hines , Gerd Muehllehner , Matthew J. Murphy
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/166
CPC分类号： G01T1/1648 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1642
摘要： A gamma camera for a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system comprises a single, continvous scintillation crystal having an imaging surface, and a first layer of septa disposed along the imaging surface between the object and the imaging surface. A gap is provided between the imaging surface and the first layer of septa to allow non stray radiation to reach the imaging surface. The septa may be arranged to have a long axis disposed at an acute angle away from perpendicular to an axis of rotation or made to move in relation to the imaging surface of the scintillation crystal to reduce cold spots on the image. Multiple layers of septa may be provided.
摘要翻译：用于正电子发射断层扫描（PET）系统的γ照相机包括具有成像表面的单个连续闪烁晶体和沿物体和成像表面之间的成像表面设置的第一隔离层。在成像表面和第一隔膜层之间提供间隙以允许非杂散辐射到达成像表面。隔垫可以被布置成具有远离垂直于旋转轴线的锐角设置的长轴，或者相对于闪烁晶体的成像表面移动以减少图像上的冷点。可以提供多层隔膜。

2. 发明授权

US5585637A Multi-head nuclear medicine camera for dual SPECT and PET imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于双重SPECT和PET成像的多头核医学相机
公开(公告)号：US5585637A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US488926
申请日：1995-06-09
申请人： Hugo Bertelsen , Horace H. Hines , Matthew J. Murphy , Peter Nellemann , Donald R. Wellnitz
发明人： Hugo Bertelsen , Horace H. Hines , Matthew J. Murphy , Peter Nellemann , Donald R. Wellnitz
IPC分类号： G01T1/161 , G01T1/164 , G01T1/29 , G01T1/208
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037
摘要： A multi-detector head nuclear camera system automatically switchable (and optimized) to perform either SPECT imaging or PET imaging. The camera system employs, in one embodiment, multi-detector configuration having dual head scintillation detectors but can be implemented with more than two detector heads. The detectors contain switchable triggering circuitry so that coincidence detection for PET imaging and non-coincidence detection for SPECT imaging is available. Using a variable integration technique with programmable integration interval, the event detection and acquisition circuitry of the camera system is switchable to detect events of different energy distribution and count rate which are optimized for PET and SPECT imaging. The system also includes dual integrators on each scintillation detector channel for collecting more than one event per detector at a time for PET or SPECT mode. In PET or SPECT mode, the system also employs variable PMT cluster sizing having smaller cluster sizes for PET imaging and relatively larger cluster sizes for SPECT. In PET or SPECT mode, the system also employs variable centroid shape and zonal triggering. Utilizing the above programmable settings, the camera system can be automatically configured to operate in either SPECT or PET imaging modes.
摘要翻译：多检测器头核相机系统可自动切换（并优化）以执行SPECT成像或PET成像。在一个实施例中，相机系统采用具有双头闪烁检测器的多检测器配置，但是可以用多于两个的检测器头来实现。检测器包含可切换的触发电路，从而可以进行用于PET成像和SPECT成像的非重合检测的重合检测。使用具有可编程积分间隔的可变积分技术，相机系统的事件检测和采集电路可切换，以检测针对PET和SPECT成像优化的不同能量分布和计数率的事件。该系统还包括每个闪烁检测器通道上的双积分器，用于每次检测PET或SPECT模式时每个检测器收集多于一个事件。在PET或SPECT模式下，系统还采用可变的PMT集群大小，具有较小的聚类大小，用于PET成像和相对较大的SPECT集群大小。在PET或SPECT模式下，该系统还采用可变质心形状和区域触发。利用上述可编程设置，相机系统可以自动配置为以SPECT或PET成像模式进行操作。

3. 发明授权

US5608221A Multi-head nuclear medicine camera for dual SPECT and PET imaging with monuniform attenuation correction 失效
标题翻译：多头核医学相机用于双重SPECT和PET成像与单位衰减校正
公开(公告)号：US5608221A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-04
申请号：US488871
申请日：1995-06-09
申请人： Hugo Bertelsen , Peter Nellemann , Matthew J. Murphy , Donald R. Wellnitz , Horace H. Hines
发明人： Hugo Bertelsen , Peter Nellemann , Matthew J. Murphy , Donald R. Wellnitz , Horace H. Hines
IPC分类号： G01T1/161 , G01T1/164 , G01T1/29 , G01T1/166
CPC分类号： G01T1/1615 , G01T1/1642 , G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037
摘要： A dual head nuclear camera system automatically switchable (and optimized) to perform either SPECT imaging or PET imaging that utilizes attenuation correction for nonuniform attenuation in SPECT or PET modes. The dual head detectors contain switchable triggering circuitry so that coincidence detection for PET imaging and non-coincidence detection for SPECT imaging is available. The system uses a variable integration technique with programmable integration interval; variable sized clusters for centroiding, use of dual integrators per PMT channel, the event detection and acquisition circuitry of the camera system is switchable for PET and SPECT imaging. In such a switchable SPECT/Pet dual head camera system, a mechanism and method is shown to perform transmission and emission scanning sessions with two line sources and two detectors wherein two sliding transmission detection windows are employed to differentiate between transmission and emission photons. Transmission and emission data can be collected simultaneously. This system provides that the dual transmission detection windows are each associated with a particular line source and move in synchronization. Further, the two line sources and the two detector windows all move in synchronization in the direction of the long axis of the object being scanned. In this configuration, the system can effectively reduce the amount of cross-talk detected by a detector.
摘要翻译：双头核相机系统可自动切换（优化），以执行SPECT成像或PET成像，利用衰减校正在SPECT或PET模式下进行不均匀衰减。双头检测器包含可切换的触发电路，因此PET成像的一致检测和SPECT成像的非重合检测是可用的。该系统采用可编程集成间隔的可变积分技术; 可变尺寸的集群用于重心，每个PMT通道使用双积分器，相机系统的事件检测和采集电路可切换到PET和SPECT成像。在这种可切换的SPECT /宠物双头摄像机系统中，示出了利用两个线路源和两个检测器执行传输和发射扫描会话的机制和方法，其中采用两个滑动传输检测窗口来区分传输和发射光子。传输和排放数据可以同时收集。该系统提供双传输检测窗口各自与特定的线路源相关联并且同步移动。此外，两条线源和两个检测器窗口都沿被扫描对象的长轴的方向同步移动。在该配置中，系统可以有效地减少由检测器检测到的串扰量。

4. 发明授权

US6100531A Dual-purpose radiation transmission source for nuclear medicine imaging system 失效
标题翻译：用于核医学成像系统的两用辐射传播源
公开(公告)号：US6100531A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US62303
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： Horace H. Hines , Ian Farmer , Peter Nellemann , Lingxion Shao , Hugo Bertelsen
发明人： Horace H. Hines , Ian Farmer , Peter Nellemann , Lingxion Shao , Hugo Bertelsen
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/161
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642
摘要： A dual-purpose transmission source for use in a nuclear medicine imaging system is described. A Cs-137 point source is used to transmit radiation having a 662 keV photopeak to a corresponding detector during a transmission scan of an object. The Cs-137 source can be used in transmission scans for correcting either coincidence or single-photon emission data for non-uniform attenuation. When performing a transmission scan to correct single-photon emission data, a collimator may remain mounted to the detector, since a substantial portion of the transmitted radiation completely penetrates the radiation-absorbing material of the collimator to reach the detector.
摘要翻译：描述了用于核医学成像系统的两用传输源。 Cs-137点源用于在物体的透射扫描期间将具有662keV光尖峰的辐射传输到相应的检测器。 Cs-137源可用于传输扫描，用于校正重合或单光子发射数据，用于非均匀衰减。当执行透射扫描以校正单光子发射数据时，准直器可以保持安装到检测器，因为透射辐射的大部分完全穿透准直器的辐射吸收材料以到达检测器。

5. 发明授权

US5900636A Dual-mode gamma camera system utilizing single-photon transmission scanning for attenuation correction of PET data 失效
标题翻译：双模γ相机系统利用单光子传输扫描对PET数据进行衰减校正
公开(公告)号：US5900636A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US865916
申请日：1997-05-30
申请人： Peter Nellemann , Hugo Bertelsen , Lingxiong Shao , Horace H. Hines
发明人： Peter Nellemann , Hugo Bertelsen , Lingxiong Shao , Horace H. Hines
IPC分类号： G01T1/161 , G01T1/164 , G01T1/29 , G21K5/10
CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1642 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A nuclear camera system includes a pair of detectors orientated 180 degrees apart about an axis of rotation for detecting radiation emitted from an object, a pair of single-photon radiation point sources for transmitting radiation through the object, each to a different detector, and a gantry supporting the detectors and the radiation sources. The gantry provides rotation of the detectors and the radiation source about the axis of rotation, such that the angular positions of the radiation source about the axis of rotation remain fixed relative to the angular positions of the detectors. The camera system further includes a processing system coupled to control the dectors and the radiation sources and to selectably configure the detectors for either coincidence or single-photon emission imaging. The processing system controls the detectors to acquire coincidence emission data of the object and controls the single-photon point sources to acquire transmission data of the object, wherein the radiation from the point sources has a fanbeam illumination profile. The processing system corrects the acquired coincidence emission data for attenuation using the transmission data.
摘要翻译：核相机系统包括一对围绕旋转轴定向180度的检测器，用于检测从物体发射的辐射;一对单光子辐射点源，用于将辐射通过物体传送到不同的检测器;以及龙门架支持探测器和辐射源。台架提供检测器和辐射源围绕旋转轴的旋转，使得辐射源围绕旋转轴线的角位置相对于检测器的角位置保持固定。相机系统还包括耦合以控制分界器和辐射源的处理系统，并且可选地配置用于重合或单光子发射成像的检测器。处理系统控制检测器以获取对象的重合发射数据，并控制单光点点源以获取对象的传输数据，其中来自点源的辐射具有扇形照明轮廓。处理系统使用传输数据来校正获得的用于衰减的重合发射数据。

6. 发明授权

US5999588A Deadtime correction in a nuclear medicine imaging system 失效
标题翻译：核医学成像系统中的死时校正
公开(公告)号：US5999588A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US62222
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： Lingxiong Shao , Peter Nellemann , David Coles , Hugo Bertelsen , Jacobus Koster
发明人： Lingxiong Shao , Peter Nellemann , David Coles , Hugo Bertelsen , Jacobus Koster
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T20060101 , G01T1/161 , G01T1/20 , G06T5/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/1647 , G01T1/171
摘要： A method of correcting for deadtime in an attenuation map generated by a nuclear medicine imaging system is provided. The imaging system includes a gamma ray detector that is rotatable about an object to be imaged. A region is defined on the imaging surface of the detector, such as the edge of the field of view of the detector, such that during a transmission scan of the object, the radiation shadow of the object is substantially less likely to fall upon the defined region than upon other regions of the imaging surface. A blank transmission scan is then performed, including recording the radiation intensity level detected in the region as a reference intensity level. A transmission scan of the object is then performed to acquire an attenuation map of the object, including recording a radiation intensity level detected in the first region during the transmission scan. A correction value is then determined as the ratio of the reference intensity level to the intensity level detected in the region during the transmission scan. The attenuation map is then corrected for deadtime based on the correction value.
摘要翻译：提供了一种校正由核医学成像系统生成的衰减图中的死时间的方法。成像系统包括可围绕待成像对象旋转的伽马射线检测器。区域被定义在检测器的成像表面上，例如检测器视场的边缘，使得在物体的透射扫描期间，物体的辐射阴影实际上不太可能落在所定义的区域比成像表面的其他区域。然后执行空白传输扫描，包括将在该区域中检测到的辐射强度水平记录为参考强度水平。然后执行对象的传输扫描以获取对象的衰减图，包括记录在传输扫描期间在第一区域中检测到的辐射强度级别。然后将校正值确定为在透射扫描期间在该区域中检测到的基准亮度水平与强度水平的比率。然后根据校正值对衰减图进行死区校正。

7. 发明授权

US5646408A Software and event driven baseline correction 失效
标题翻译：软件和事件驱动的基线校正
公开(公告)号：US5646408A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-08
申请号：US756185
申请日：1996-11-25
申请人： Edward M. Goldberg , Donald R. Wellnitz , Peter Nellemann
发明人： Edward M. Goldberg , Donald R. Wellnitz , Peter Nellemann
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/17 , G01T1/208 , G01T1/40
CPC分类号： G01T1/208 , G01T1/17
摘要： A correction system for correcting and maintaining the baseline offset signal value of a PMT channel of a scintillation detector at a predetermined value. The correction system utilizes an event driven mode wherein the correction is performed based on detected gamma interactions and this mode is utilized during periods of high count rate. Using the event driven correction mode, the system provides an output of far PMT channels based on a detected peak PMT channel. In a second mode, software driven correction, false triggers are inserted into the processing logic to initiate sampling of the baseline offset signal value and "simulate" gamma interactions. The false triggers are used by the system to perform baseline correction. The second mode is used during periods of lower count rate. Under both modes, the system effectively samples the baseline offset values from a channel that detects substantially no light energy to sample the baseline offset amount. This sampled value is averaged and compensated for against an ideal reference value, Vm. This is performed independently for each channel.
摘要翻译：一种用于校正和维持闪烁检测器的PMT通道的基线偏移信号值处于预定值的校正系统。校正系统利用事件驱动模式，其中基于检测到的伽马相互作用执行校正，并且在高计数率的时段期间利用该模式。使用事件驱动校正模式，系统基于检测到的峰值PMT通道提供远PMT通道的输出。在第二模式中，软件驱动校正，错误触发器被插入到处理逻辑中以启动基线偏移信号值的采样并“模拟”伽马相互作用。系统使用错误触发器执行基线校正。第二种模式在较低计数率的时段使用。在两种模式下，系统有效地从基本上不检测光能的通道采样基线偏移值，以对基线偏移量进行采样。该采样值对于理想参考值Vm进行平均和补偿。这是为每个通道独立执行的。

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