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1. 发明授权

US5124554A Explosives detector 失效
标题翻译：爆炸物探测器
公开(公告)号：US5124554A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-23
申请号：US656942
申请日：1991-02-19
申请人： Peter H. Fowler , Peter A. E. Stewart , John D. Rogers , Martin J. Allen
发明人： Peter H. Fowler , Peter A. E. Stewart , John D. Rogers , Martin J. Allen
IPC分类号： B64F1/32 , B64F1/36 , G01N23/222 , G01N33/22 , G01V5/00 , G21K5/04 , H05H3/04
CPC分类号： H05H3/04 , B64F1/368 , G01N23/222 , G01V5/0008 , G01V5/0069 , G21K5/04 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/204 , G01N2223/206 , G01N2223/302 , G01N2223/40 , G01N2223/501 , G01N33/22
摘要： Apparatus for non-invasively inspecting an object, such as an item of luggage, for explosives material comprises a multi-channel thermal neutron inspection system having a plurality of neutron irradiation chambers. Simultaneous operation of several channels increases maximum system throughout several times. Each chamber has a lithium neutron source which is stimulated to neutron production by a proton beam. Beam switching magnets are energized by pulsing to divert a common proton beam to each source in turn. The initial beam is generated by a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator. The advantages of this system are very low residual source activity and controllable neutron production thereby minimizing safety hazards. The irradiation chamber may contain several different gamma ray detectors to identify the presence elements present in explosives material. In addition a neutron radiography imaging means may be employed to identify the presence of potential shielding materials.
摘要翻译：用于非侵入性地检查用于爆炸物料的行李物品的装置包括具有多个中子照射室的多通道热中子检查系统。多个通道的同时操作可以在数次内增加最大系统。每个室具有锂中子源，其被质子束刺激到中子产生。光束切换磁体通过脉冲激励，以将公共质子束依次转向每个源。初始波束由射频四极加速器产生。该系统的优点是残留源活性非常低，可控制的中子生产，从而使安全隐患最小化。照射室可以包含几种不同的γ射线检测器，以识别爆炸物质中存在的存在元素。此外，可以使用中子射线成像装置来识别潜在屏蔽材料的存在。

2. 发明授权

US4933556A Temperature measuring using neutron transmission 失效
标题翻译：使用中子传输进行温度测量
公开(公告)号：US4933556A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US63082
申请日：1987-06-17
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Peter H. Fowler
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Peter H. Fowler
IPC分类号： G01K11/00 , G01K11/30 , G01N23/09 , G01N23/204
CPC分类号： G01K11/30
摘要： The temperature of an object (10) is measured by monitoring the thermal Doppler broadening of resonances in its neutron transmission characteristics, as neutrons (11) pass through it from a source (12) to a detector (14). Various surfaces (18, 20, 24) of the object are each plated with a different element, such as platinum, iridium and rhenium respectively. By monitoring the Doppler broadening of resonances due to platinum, the temperature of the platinum surface (18) can be determined; and the temperatures of the iridium surface (20) and the rhenium surface (24) are determined likewise.
摘要翻译：当中子（11）从源（12）通过其到检测器（14）时，通过监测其中子传播特性中的共振的热多普勒加宽来测量物体（10）的温度。物体的各个表面（18,20,24）分别镀有不同的元素，例如铂，铱和铼。通过监测由铂引起的共振的多普勒加宽，可以确定铂表面（18）的温度; 并且同样地确定铱表面（20）和铼表面（24）的温度。

3. 发明授权

US4924100A Strain and temperature measurement 失效
标题翻译：应变和温度测量
公开(公告)号：US4924100A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-08
申请号：US192620
申请日：1988-05-11
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Peter H. Fowler
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Peter H. Fowler
IPC分类号： G01L1/00 , G01B15/06 , G01K11/00 , G01K11/30 , G01L1/25 , G01N23/207
CPC分类号： G01B15/06 , G01K11/30 , G01L1/25
摘要： A method of non-invasively measuring strain and temperature of an object, substantially simultaneously, using neutrons of selected energy levels is described. A pulsed neutron source is made to emit thermal and epithermal neutrons in a collimated beam directed at a target object. Temperature is monitored by observing the thermal Doppler broadening of resonances in the neutron transmission characteristic for the epithermal neutrons and strain is measured from observations made of changes to the thermal neutron diffraction pattern.

4. 发明授权

US4983841A Non-invasive inspection 失效
标题翻译：无创检查
公开(公告)号：US4983841A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-08
申请号：US412337
申请日：1989-09-26
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Richard T. Skelton , Martin J. Allen , Joseph Douglas
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Richard T. Skelton , Martin J. Allen , Joseph Douglas
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01N23/04 , G01T1/16 , G01T1/161 , G01T1/29
CPC分类号： G01N23/046 , G01T1/2985 , G01N2223/419
摘要： Residual core material can be detected inside hollow cast articles using positron emission tomography. Positron radio-isotope material is inducted into any residual core material present by immersing a cast article in an aqueous solution of radio-isotope emitter, for example gallium. Absorbed gallium subsequently emits positrons which are annihilated in collisions with electrons emitting two 511 KeV gamma rays in diametrically opposite directions. The emissions are detected and tracked by a PET camera and the resulting images correlated with a sectioned image of the article as a check on the location of detected core material. Initially a low-dose-rate solution for the purpose of merely establishing the presence of core material is used but a second optional process step introduces a more active solution allowing a PET camera to collect sufficient data to image absorbed isotope.
摘要翻译：可以使用正电子发射断层扫描在中空铸造制品内部检测残留芯材。通过将铸造物品浸入放射性同位素发射体（例如镓）的水溶液中，将正电子放射性同位素材料引入存在的任何残余芯材料中。随后，吸收的镓随后发射正电子，这些正电子与沿两个方向相反的方向发射两个511KeV伽马射线的电子发生碰撞。由PET照相机检测和跟踪排放物，并将所得到的图像与文章的分割图像相关联，作为对检测到的核心材料位置的检查。最初仅使用建立核材料存在的低剂量率解决方案，但是第二可选工艺步骤引入了更为有效的解决方案，允许PET相机收集足够的数据来成像吸收的同位素。

5. 发明授权

US4338520A Method of and apparatus for analyzing gas flows inside hollow bodies 失效
标题翻译：用于分析中空体内气体流动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4338520A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-06
申请号：US146393
申请日：1980-05-05
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart
IPC分类号： G01F1/704 , G01P5/00 , G01P5/20 , G01P13/00 , G21H5/00 , G21H5/02 , G01F1/00
CPC分类号： G01P5/006
摘要： In order to produce a visual image on a screen of the movement of gas flows inside hollow bodies, e.g. gas turbine or internal combustion engines, or wind tunnels, a gaseous tracer material including a short-lived radio-active isotope is injected into the hollow body. Radiation detectors 32 are positioned around a gas turbine engine 10 and linked to a computer 36 which is programmed using an image reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the flow path of the isotope in suitable form. One suitable isotope is produced by irradiating carbon tetrafluoride using a stream of deuterons from a cyclotron 12. The resulting reaction produces an isotope of Fluorine which has a half-life of 11.56 seconds, and decays producing radiation at approximately 1.6 Mev. The activity of the isotope is raised to the highest feasible level by continuously irradiating the tracer material in a chamber 14 as it is pumped around a circuit prior to injection. The half lives of the isotopes used are in the range 3 seconds to 2 minutes.
摘要翻译：为了在中空体内的气流的运动的屏幕上产生视觉图像，例如，燃气轮机或内燃机或风洞，包括短寿命放射性同位素的气态示踪剂材料被注入中空体。辐射检测器32定位在燃气涡轮发动机10周围并且连接到计算机36，计算机36使用图像重建算法编程，以重建合适形式的同位素的流动路径。通过使用来自回旋加速器12的氘核流照射四氟化碳来生产一种合适的同位素。所得到的反应产生氟化物的同位素，其具有11.56秒的半衰期，并且衰减产生约1.6Mev的辐射。通过在注射之前泵送在电路周围的腔室14中连续照射示踪剂材料，将同位素的活性提高到最高可行性水平。所用同位素的半衰期为3秒至2分钟。

6. 发明授权

US4152598A Lubricant distribution determination by neutron radiography 失效
标题翻译：中子射线照相的润滑剂分布测定
公开(公告)号：US4152598A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-01
申请号：US752520
申请日：1976-12-20
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart
IPC分类号： G01M3/20 , G01N23/05 , G01T3/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/05 , G01M3/20
摘要： Cold neutron radiation of energy less that 0.025 eV having a flux greater than 1.times.10.sup.3 neutrons/square centimeter/second is used to diagnose temporal information about the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon fuel and lubrication oils in internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines and fuel systems.Images of the movement of fuel or oil are recorded by directing a beam of neutrons through an engine and using an image intensifier responsive to low light levels to intensify an image formed by neutrons which have been directed through the engine onto a fluorescent screen. The output image from the intensifier is recorded by a video or cine camera.
摘要翻译：使用具有大于1×10 3中子/平方厘米/秒的通量的0.025eV的能量的冷中子辐射用于诊断关于内燃机，燃气涡轮发动机和燃料系统中的烃燃料和润滑油的空间分布的时间信息。

7. 发明授权

US4885464A Improvements relating to a method of radioisotope imaging 失效
标题翻译：与放射性同位素成像方法有关的改进
公开(公告)号：US4885464A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-05
申请号：US218879
申请日：1988-07-14
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth
IPC分类号： G01N23/00 , G01N3/06 , G01Q90/00 , G01T1/167 , G01T1/29
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , G01N2203/0647
摘要： To produce an image of a component of part of an engineering structure such as an aero-engine using a positron emission tomography (PET) technique it is proposed to provide the component or part of the structure of interest with a surface coating containing a radioisotope labelling material. The radioisotope label may be provided by applying a film of lacquer, paint or the like containing the isotope, or the component etc. may be bombarded by suitably energetic ions in order to induce a reaction in which a selected isotope is produced.
摘要翻译：为了使用正电子发射断层摄影（PET）技术产生诸如航空发动机的工程结构的一部分的部件的图像，建议将感兴趣的部件或部分结构提供含有放射性同位素标记的表面涂层材料。放射性同位素标签可以通过施加含有同位素或组分等的漆，油漆等可以由适当的能量离子轰击以引起其中产生所选择的同位素的反应来提供。

8. 发明授权

US4697079A Analyzing fluid flows within hollow bodies 失效
标题翻译：分析中空体内的流体流动
公开(公告)号：US4697079A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-29
申请号：US714868
申请日：1985-03-22
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth , Roger C. Witcomb
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth , Roger C. Witcomb
IPC分类号： G01P13/00 , G01F1/704 , G01M9/06 , G01M10/00 , G01T1/29 , G21H5/02
CPC分类号： G01M10/00 , G01M9/067 , G01T1/2921
摘要： Carrier particles, e.g., of metal or metal oxide, are doped with a positron-emitting isotope and injected into fluid flowing in a body, such as a gas turbine engine. The positrons decay on coming to rest, giving two gamma rays which are detected, and a 3D image is built up. The particles are capable of stopping a portion of the positions before they escape from the particles into the surroundings; thus the gamma rays indicate more accurately the position at which the positron was emitted, and give a clearer image.
摘要翻译：载体颗粒，例如金属或金属氧化物，掺杂有正电子发射同位素并注入到诸如燃气涡轮发动机的体内流动的流体中。正电子在休息时衰减，给出两个检测到的伽马射线，并建立一个3D图像。颗粒能够在它们从颗粒逸出到周围环境之前停止位置的一部分; 因此伽马射线更准确地表示正电子发射的位置，并给出更清晰的图像。

9. 发明授权

US4746795A Method of and apparatus for analyzing fluid flows within hollow bodies 失效
标题翻译：分析中空体内流体流动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4746795A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US5313
申请日：1987-01-16
申请人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth , Roger C. Witcomb
发明人： Peter A. E. Stewart , Michael R. Hawkesworth , Roger C. Witcomb
IPC分类号： G01F1/704 , G01M15/14 , G01P13/00 , G01Q90/00 , G01T1/29 , G21H5/02 , G01T1/16
CPC分类号： G01T1/2921
摘要： A representation of oil flow in a gas turbine engine is obtained by injecting a compatible radioactive isotope label into the engine oil flow and detecting the radiation emitted from within the body with detectors mounted outside the body to produce signals representative of the quantity and direction of the radiation; the detector output signals are compensated for attenuation on passing through the engine in accordance with attenuation signals derived from a representation of the spatial distribution of the engine and of its materials, and signals from non-viable directions are discounted. The compensated detector output signals are used to generate a number of focal-plane tomograms from which an image in a desired plane may be re-constructed. The image may be formed on a background of the engine in the relevant plane generated from the representation thereof. The injection of radio-active label and the detector output signals may be pulsed to produce a strobed image from which velocity measurements can be obtained.
摘要翻译：通过将兼容的放射性同位素标记物注入发动机油流中并且利用安装在体外的检测器检测从体内发射的辐射来获得燃气轮机中的油流的表示，以产生表示该物质的数量和方向的信号辐射; 根据从发动机及其材料的空间分布的表示导出的衰减信号，检测器输出信号经过发动机的衰减得到补偿，并且来自不可行方向的信号被打折扣。经补偿的检测器输出信号用于产生多个焦平面断层图像，可以重新构建期望平面中的图像。图像可以在从其表示生成的相关平面中的发动机的背景上形成。射电激活标签和检测器输出信号的注入可以被脉冲以产生选通的图像，从中可以获得速度测量值。

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