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1. 发明授权

US5642393A Detecting contraband by employing interactive multiprobe tomography 失效
标题翻译：通过采用交互式多功能层析成像技术检测违禁品
公开(公告)号：US5642393A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-24
申请号：US533956
申请日：1995-09-26
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , Michael Ellenbogen , Paul J. Hurd , John O. Tortora
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , Michael Ellenbogen , Paul J. Hurd , John O. Tortora
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G01V5/0025 , G01V5/0033
摘要： An inspection system for detecting a specific material of interest in items of baggage or packages includes a multi-view X-ray inspection probe and one or more material sensitive probes. The multi-view X-ray inspection probe employs X-ray radiation transmitted through or scattered from an examined item to identify a suspicious region inside the item. An interface is used to receive from said X-ray inspection probe X-ray data providing spatial information about the suspicious region and to provide this information to a selected material sensitive probe. The material sensitive probe then acquires material specific information about the previously-identified suspicious region and provides it to a computer. The computer uses a high level detection algorithm to identify presence of the specific material in the suspicious region. The material sensitive probe may be a directional probe such as a coherent scatter probe, or a non-directional probe such as a Compton scatter probe or an NQR probe. The detection algorithm can automatically employ the different probes operating in a preferred geometry. The inspection system may also include a graphical interface and an operator interface that enable interactive communication with the detection algorithm.
摘要翻译：用于检测行李或包裹物品中的特定材料的检查系统包括多视点X射线检查探针和一个或多个物质敏感探针。多视点X射线检查探针使用从被检查物品透射或散射的X射线辐射来识别物品内的可疑区域。接口用于从所述X射线检查探针接收X射线数据，提供关于可疑区域的空间信息，并将该信息提供给所选择的材料敏感探针。然后，物质敏感探测器获取关于先前确定的可疑区域的材料特定信息，并将其提供给计算机。计算机使用高级检测算法来识别可疑区域中特定物质的存在。材料敏感探针可以是定向探针，例如相干散射探针或诸如康普顿散射探针或NQR探针的非定向探针。检测算法可以自动采用以优选几何形式工作的不同探针。检查系统还可以包括能够与检测算法进行交互式通信的图形界面和操作者界面。

2. 发明授权

US07738687B2 Method of registration in a contraband detection system 有权
标题翻译：违禁检测系统中的注册方法
公开(公告)号：US07738687B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-15
申请号：US11637226
申请日：2006-12-11
申请人： John O. Tortora , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Kristoph D. Krug
发明人： John O. Tortora , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Kristoph D. Krug
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G06K9/6211
摘要： A multi-level contraband detection system. At a first level, the system obtains volumetric information about an item under inspection. The volumetric information provides a basis for identifying suspect objects in the item under inspection and their locations. The location information is expressed in a first coordinate system relative to the device used for first level scanning. When first level scanning identifies a suspicious object, the item under inspection is passed to a second level scanner that can take further measurements on the suspicious objects. The second level machine is controlled in a second coordinate system. A translation between the two coordinate systems is obtained by registering a multi-dimensional image obtained at the first level with positioning information obtained at the second level. Registration is performed using a coarse and then a fine registration process for quick and accurate registration.
摘要翻译：多级违禁检测系统。在第一级，系统获取关于被检查物品的体积信息。体积信息为识别检查项目中的可疑物体及其位置提供依据。相对于用于第一级扫描的设备，位置信息以第一坐标系表示。当第一级扫描识别可疑对象时，被检查的物品被传递到可以对可疑对象进行进一步测量的第二级扫描器。第二级机器被控制在第二坐标系中。通过将在第一级获得的多维图像登记在第二级获得的定位信息来获得两个坐标系之间的平移。使用粗略然后精细注册过程进行注册，以便快速准确的注册。

3. 发明授权

US6088423A Multiview x-ray based system for detecting contraband such as in baggage 失效
标题翻译：用于检测行李中的违禁品的基于多视角x射线的系统
公开(公告)号：US6088423A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-11
申请号：US92295
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , John O. Tortora , Richard Bijjani , Richard F. Eilbert
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , John O. Tortora , Richard Bijjani , Richard F. Eilbert
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G01V5/0041
摘要： A multiview X-ray based inspection system detects contraband such as explosives, weapons, drugs and money in packages such as baggage. Each bag moves through at least three stationary, fan-shaped beams of x-rays that are in parallel planes spaced from each other in the direction of bag travel, to produce three projection views of the bag taken from different angles. These projection views are processed to extract two-dimensional outlines of likely individual objects in the bag, and the two-dimensional outlines are matched between different projection views to extract three-dimensional outlines of likely objects in the bag. The system uses these three-dimensional outlines to estimate effective atomic numbers and mass densities of material in these objects, and then to determine the presence of likely contraband in the baggage by testing these estimates against windows in a multi-dimensional space in which one dimension is effective atomic number and another is mass density. The typical windows correspond to known contraband materials. The system can derive measurements from additional modalities such as nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) for use in conjunction with the x-ray measurements in finding likely contraband.
摘要翻译：基于多视角X射线检测系统可以检测诸如行李等包装中的爆炸物，武器，毒品和金钱等违禁品。每个袋子穿过至少三个固定的，扇形的x射线束，它们在袋行进方向上彼此间隔开的平行平面中，以产生从不同角度取出的袋子的三个投影视图。这些投影视图被处理以提取袋中可能的单个物体的二维轮廓，并且在不同投影视图之间匹配二维轮廓以提取袋中可能的物体的三维轮廓。该系统使用这些三维轮廓来估计这些物体中材料的有效原子数和质量密度，然后通过在多维空间中测试这些对窗口的估计来确定行李中可能的违禁品的存在，其中一维是有效的原子序数，另一个是质量密度。典型的窗口对应于已知的违禁品。该系统可以从诸如核四极共振（NQR）等附加模式得出测量结果，以便与x射线测量结合使用以寻找可能的违禁品。

4. 发明授权

US07873201B2 Reconstruction of x-ray images into basis function components using multiple-energy sources 失效
标题翻译：使用多能源将X射线图像重建为基函数分量
公开(公告)号：US07873201B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-18
申请号：US11271196
申请日：2005-11-10
申请人： Richard F. Eilbert , Kristoph D. Krug , John Tortora
发明人： Richard F. Eilbert , Kristoph D. Krug , John Tortora
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , B07C5/3427 , B07C5/346 , G01N23/04 , G01N23/10 , G01N2223/423 , G01N2223/64 , G01N2223/643 , G01V5/0041
摘要： An inspection system that forms material sensitive X-ray images of items under inspection. The images are decomposed into basis function images using basis functions representative of materials of interest. The decomposed images may be processed separately to detect concentrations of a material of interest corresponding to one or more of the basis functions. When operated in this mode, the inspection system may be used in applications such as material sorting or security screening. At least one basis function is selected to distinguish a material of interest from other materials likely contained with the item, allowing one of the basis function images to be analyzed to obtain information about a specific material of interest. The images may be automatically analyzed or may be superimposed for display with different visual characteristics assigned to the components associated with each basis function for analysis by a human operator.
摘要翻译：检查系统，形成检查项目的物质敏感的X射线图像。使用表示感兴趣材料的基函数将图像分解为基函数图像。分解的图像可以单独处理以检测与一个或多个基本功能相对应的感兴趣的材料的浓度。当在这种模式下操作时，检查系统可以用于诸如材料分选或安全检查的应用中。选择至少一个基函数来区分感兴趣的材料和可能包含在该项目中的其他材料，从而允许分析基础函数图像之一以获得关于特定感兴趣材料的信息。图像可以被自动分析或者可以被叠加以用于显示，其具有分配给与每个基本功能相关联的组件的不同视觉特征，以供人类操作者分析。

5. 发明授权

US5838758A Device and method for inspection of baggage and other objects 失效
公开(公告)号：US5838758A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-17
申请号：US403277
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/50 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/004 , G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/0041 , G01V5/005 , G06T5/50 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/10144 , G06T2207/30112
摘要： A device and method is provided for finding a specific material superimposed on an unknown background when the locations of the specific material and the background are unknown, for example, inside an item of baggage. The invention comprises exposing an area of an item to be inspected to x-rays of two substanitally different energies, making effective use of the characteristic material specific differences in photoelectric effect scattering and Compton scattering, and comparing the pairwise differential attenuation of the x-rays at nearby exposed subareas to determine whether differences in attenuation can be attributed to the presence of different amounts of the specific material overlying the respective subareas. The most probable subareas are indicated on a standard image on a monitor as being the most likely location of the overlying specific material.

6. 发明授权

US5212733A Sound mixing device 失效
标题翻译：声音混合装置
公开(公告)号：US5212733A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-18
申请号：US486151
申请日：1990-02-28
申请人： Douglas J. DeVitt , Kristoph D. Krug
发明人： Douglas J. DeVitt , Kristoph D. Krug
IPC分类号： G10H1/00 , G10H7/00 , G11B27/028 , G11B27/034 , G11B27/34 , H04H60/04 , H04S3/00 , H04S7/00
CPC分类号： H04H60/04 , G10H1/0008 , G10H7/002 , G11B27/028 , G11B27/034 , G11B27/34 , H04S3/00 , H04S7/40 , G10H2210/295 , G10H2220/111 , Y10S715/978
摘要： A system for interactively controlling multiple parameters affecting an audio output, the system employing a controller with a visual display (e.g., a cathode ray tube) for displaying an icon that is a visual representation of an input sound signal in a multidimensional space and an input device (e.g., a mouse) used to control the location of the icon on the display. The controller generates a multiple parameter control signal that is based upon the location of the icon and is used by a sound signal processing circuit to control multiple parameters affecting an audio output. The icons are images of the sources of sound input signals. The sound signal processing circuit has M times N controllable amplifiers arranged in an M by N matrix in which each of the M inputs is distributed to N controllable amplifiers and the outputs of M controllable amplifiers are combined to provide each of the N outputs. Each controllable amplifier has a unique combination of an input signal and an output signal and receives a unique, continuously variable gain control signal.
摘要翻译：一种用于交互地控制影响音频输出的多个参数的系统，所述系统采用具有用于在多维空间中显示作为输入声音信号的视觉表示的图标的视觉显示器（例如，阴极射线管）的控制器，以及输入用于控制显示器上图标位置的设备（例如，鼠标）。控制器产生基于图标的位置的多参数控制信号，并被声音信号处理电路用来控制影响音频输出的多个参数。图标是声音输入信号源的图像。声音信号处理电路具有以M×N矩阵排列的M倍N个可控放大器，其中M个输入中的每一个分配给N个可控放大器，M个可控放大器的输出被组合以提供每个N个输出。每个可控放大器具有输入信号和输出信号的独特组合，并且接收独特的连续可变增益控制信号。

7. 发明授权

US5600700A Detecting explosives or other contraband by employing transmitted and scattered X-rays 失效
标题翻译：通过使用透射和散射的X射线检测炸药或其他违禁品
公开(公告)号：US5600700A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-04
申请号：US533646
申请日：1995-09-25
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , William F. Aitkenhead , Richard F. Eilbert , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Jay A. Stein
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , William F. Aitkenhead , Richard F. Eilbert , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Jay A. Stein
IPC分类号： G01N23/201 , G01N23/203 , G01V5/00 , G01N23/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 , G01N23/201 , G01N23/203 , G01V5/0041
摘要： An X-ray inspection device for detecting a specific material of interest (typically contraband, for example, weapons, drugs, money, explosives) in items of various sizes and shapes includes an X-ray source system located at an inspection region and constructed to expose the examined item to at least one beam of X-ray radiation, one or more x-ray detection systems located at the inspection region and constructed to detect x-ray radiation modified by the examined item. The X-ray inspection device also includes one or more dimension detectors constructed to measure a selected dimension of the examined item, an interface system connected to receive X-ray data and dimension data, and a computer programmed to utilize the data for recognition of the specific material of interest and to indicate its presence in the examined item. The X-ray detection systems detect transmitted and/or scattered X-ray radiation utilizing several different geometries. There may be one or more X-ray back-scatter detection systems, or one or more X-ray forward-scatter detection systems detecting X-ray radiation scattered at different angles from different surfaces of the examined item. Each detection system includes one or more arrays of X-ray detectors arranged in a linear, circular or semi-spherical geometry. Each detection system also may be connected to a displacement unit constructed and arranged to move or rotate the detector array to a selected position relative to the inspection region and the examined item.
摘要翻译：用于以各种尺寸和形状的物品检测感兴趣的特定材料（通常为违禁品，例如武器，药物，金钱，炸药）的X射线检查装置包括位于检查区域的X射线源系统，将检查的物品暴露于至少一束X射线辐射，位于检查区域的一个或多个x射线检测系统，并构造成检测被检查物品修改的x射线辐射。 X射线检查装置还包括一个或多个尺寸检测器，其被构造成测量被检查物品的选定尺寸，被连接以接收X射线数据和尺寸数据的接口系统，以及被编程为利用该数据来识别并将其显示在被检查项目中。 X射线检测系统利用几种不同的几何形状来检测透射和/或散射的X射线辐射。可以存在一个或多个X射线背散射检测系统或一个或多个X射线前向散射检测系统，其检测从被检查物品的不同表面以不同角度散射的X射线辐射。每个检测系统包括以线性，圆形或半球形几何形状布置的一个或多个X射线检测器阵列。每个检测系统还可以连接到构造和布置为将检测器阵列移动或旋转到相对于检查区域和被检查物品的选定位置的位移单元。

8. 发明授权

US5490218A Device and method for inspection of baggage and other objects 失效
标题翻译：检查行李和其他物品的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5490218A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-06
申请号：US165737
申请日：1993-12-10
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein , Adam L. Taylor
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein , Adam L. Taylor
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/50 , G06T7/00 , G01N23/02
CPC分类号： G06T7/004 , G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/0041 , G01V5/005 , G06T5/50 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/10144 , G06T2207/30112
摘要： A device and method is provided for finding a specific material superimposed on an unknown background when the locations of the specific material and the background are unknown, for example, inside an item of baggage. The invention comprises exposing an area of an item to be inspected to x-rays of two substanitally different energies, making effective use of the characteristic material specific differences in photoelectric effect scattering and Compton scattering, and comparing the pairwise differential attenuation of the x-rays at nearby exposed subareas to determine whether differences in attenuation can be attributed to the presence of different amounts of the specific material overlying the respective subareas. The most probable subareas are indicated on a standard image on a monitor as being the most likely location of the overlying specific material.
摘要翻译：提供了一种装置和方法，用于当具体材料和背景的位置是未知的，例如在行李物品内时，用于找到叠加在未知背景上的特定材料。本发明包括将要检查的物体的区域暴露于两个基本不同能量的x射线，有效利用光电效应散射和康普顿散射中的特征材料特异性差异，并比较X射线的成对差分衰减在附近暴露的子区域，以确定衰减的差异是否可归因于覆盖相应子区域的不同量的特定材料的存在。最可能的分区在监视器上的标准图像上显示为上覆特定材料的最可能位置。

9. 发明授权

US5974111A Identifying explosives or other contraband by employing transmitted or scattered X-rays 失效
标题翻译：通过使用透射或散射的X射线识别爆炸物或其他违禁品
公开(公告)号：US5974111A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US849275
申请日：1997-12-05
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , William F. Aitkenhead , Richard F. Eilbert , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Jay A. Stein
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , William F. Aitkenhead , Richard F. Eilbert , Jeffrey H. Stillson , Jay A. Stein
IPC分类号： G01N23/10 , G01N23/20
CPC分类号： G01N23/10 , G01N23/20
摘要： An X-ray inspection device (10) for detecting a specific material of interest in items of various sizes and shapes (24A, 24B, 24C) includes an X-ray source system located at an inspection region and constructed to expose the examined item to at least one beam of X-ray radiation, and one or more X-ray detection systems (60, 80, 100). The X-ray inspection device also includes one or more dimension detectors (120) constructed to measure a selected dimension of the examined item, an interface system connected to receive X-ray data and dimension data, and a computer programmed to utilize the data for recognition of the specific material of interest and to indicate its presence in the examined item. Each detection system includes one or more arrays of X-ray detectors arranged in a linear, circular or semi-spherical geometry.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US96 / 15260 Sec。 371 1997年12月5日第 102（e）日期1997年12月5日PCT提交1996年9月24日PCT公布。公开号WO97 / 12228 日期1997年4月3日用于检测各种尺寸和形状（24A，24B，24C）的物品的感兴趣的特定材料的X射线检查装置（10）包括位于检查区域的X射线源系统，将所检查的物品暴露于至少一束X射线辐射，以及一个或多个X射线检测系统（60,80,100）。 X射线检查装置还包括一个或多个尺寸检测器（120），其构造成测量被检查物品的选定尺寸，连接以接收X射线数据和尺寸数据的接口系统，以及被编程为将数据用于承认感兴趣的具体材料，并表明其在检查项目中的存在。每个检测系统包括以线性，圆形或半球形几何形状布置的一个或多个X射线检测器阵列。

10. 发明授权

US5319547A Device and method for inspection of baggage and other objects 失效
标题翻译：检查行李和其他物品的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5319547A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US566083
申请日：1990-08-10
申请人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein , Adam L. Taylor
发明人： Kristoph D. Krug , Jay A. Stein , Adam L. Taylor
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/50 , G06T7/00 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/004 , G01N23/04 , G01N23/06 , G01V5/0041 , G01V5/005 , G06T5/50 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/10144 , G06T2207/30112
摘要： A device and method is provided for finding a specific material superimposed on an unknown background when the locations of the specific material and the background are unknown, for example, inside an item of baggage. The invention comprises exposing an area of an item to be inspected to x-rays of two substanitally different energies, making effective use of the characteristic material specific differences in photoelectric effect scattering and Compton scattering, and comparing the pairwise differential attenuation of the x-rays at nearby exposed subareas to determine whether differences in attenuation can be attributed to the presence of different amounts of the specific material overlying the respective subareas. The most probable subareas are indicated on a standard image on a monitor as being the most likely location of the overlying specific material.
摘要翻译：提供了一种装置和方法，用于当具体材料和背景的位置是未知的，例如在行李物品内时，用于找到叠加在未知背景上的特定材料。本发明包括将要检查的物体的区域暴露于两个基本不同能量的x射线，有效利用光电效应散射和康普顿散射中的特征材料特异性差异，并比较X射线的成对差分衰减在附近暴露的子区域，以确定衰减的差异是否可归因于覆盖相应子区域的不同量的特定材料的存在。最可能的分区在监视器上的标准图像上显示为上覆特定材料的最可能位置。

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