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1. 发明授权

US4394855A Internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition having an ignition chamber associated with the main combustion chamber 失效
标题翻译：具有外部点燃的内燃机具有与主燃烧室相关联的点火室
公开(公告)号：US4394855A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-26
申请号：US261413
申请日：1981-05-07
申请人： Reinhard Latsch , Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
发明人： Reinhard Latsch , Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
IPC分类号： F02B19/10 , F02B19/12 , F02B19/16 , F02B23/08 , F02P13/00
CPC分类号： F02B19/12 , F02B19/1009 , Y02T10/125
摘要： An ignition chamber device is described which has an elongated, rotationally symmetrical form. The wall of the ignition chamber which protrudes into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine has a coaxial overflow conduit embodied by a nozzle and radially extending discharge conduits which extend into the annular chamber which surrounds the nozzle. The ignition chamber is provided with an ignition device which has a central electrode that leads from the outside into the interior and by means of this central electrode the ignition voltage is carried via a conductor path, disposed in the wall, to a wall location opposite the nozzle, from where the ignition spark can leap the gap. A heat pipe is disposed in the nozzle and includes a portion arranged in close proximity to the cylinder wall, which prevents the ignition chamber from becoming overheated and on the other hand also enables the inflowing mixture to be heated up in optimal fashion on the way to the ignition location.
摘要翻译：描述了具有细长旋转对称形式的点火室装置。点燃室的突出到内燃机的主燃烧室的壁具有由喷嘴和径向延伸的排放导管构成的同轴溢流导管，其延伸到围绕喷嘴的环形室中。点火室设置有点火装置，该点火装置具有从外部引导到内部的中心电极，并且借助于该中心电极，点火电压通过布置在壁中的导体路径被承载到相对于喷嘴，从那里点火火花可以跳过间隙。热管设置在喷嘴中，并且包括靠近气缸壁布置的部分，其防止点火室变得过热，另一方面也使得流入的混合物能够以最佳方式被加热到途中点火位置。

2. 发明授权

US4294679A Flat electrochemical sensor, and method of its manufacture 失效
标题翻译：平面电化学传感器及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4294679A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-13
申请号：US145738
申请日：1980-05-01
申请人： Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Gunther Stecher
发明人： Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Gunther Stecher
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , B01L3/00 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/48 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067 , G01N27/48 , Y10T29/49002
摘要： To apply a measured quantity of air to the electrodes applied to a plate-like solid electrolyte body, which may be a chip on a carrier or may, itself, form the carrier, grooves, flutes, ducts, or depressions are formed in the carrier and/or a cover plate, the grooves terminating at an edge portion with access to the gas to be supplied, and having a size such that their clear height is preferably in the lower micron region, and a width, preferably under 1 mm, and particularly between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. The higher limits are applicable to apply, for example, air to a reference electrode, to apply ambient oxygen thereto; the lower limits are appropriate when operating the sensor as a polarographic sensor, in which the diffusion limited current, upon application of a bias voltage, is an analog measure of the oxygen concentration in the gas, and the gas supply to the electrode must be suitably controlled to prevent saturation conditions. The grooves may be formed, for example, by sandblasting or by applying insulating material in the form of posts, ridges, and the like, on the respective element, filling the space therebetween with a filler substance which, upon subsequent sintering, escapes, thus leaving the voids forming the grooves, depressions, and the like.
摘要翻译：为了将应用于板状固体电解质体的电极施加测量量的空气，该固体电解质体可以是载体上的芯片，或者可以自身形成载体，在载体中形成凹槽，凹槽，管道或凹陷和/或盖板，所述槽终止于边缘部分，具有进入待供应气体的通道，并且具有这样的尺寸，使得它们的透明高度优选地在较低的微米区域中，宽度优选地在1mm以下，以及特别是在0.2和0.4毫米之间。上限适用于将例如空气施加到参比电极，以向其施加环境氧; 当将传感器作为极谱传感器操作时，下限是适当的，其中在施加偏压时扩散受限电流是气体中氧浓度的模拟测量，并且对电极的气体供应必须适当控制以防止饱和条件。凹槽可以例如通过喷砂或通过在各个元件上施加柱状物，脊等的形式的绝缘材料形成，用填充物填充其间的空间，该填充物在随后的烧结时逸出，因此留下形成凹槽，凹陷等的空隙。

3. 发明授权

US4355618A Method and apparatus for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio in the operating mixture of internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于获得用于内燃机的操作混合物中的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4355618A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US207560
申请日：1980-11-17
申请人： Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz
发明人： Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz
IPC分类号： F02D41/34 , F02D3/00 , F02D41/14 , F02B3/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/1476
摘要： A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.
摘要翻译：提出了一种方法和装置，用于获得其中使用已知结构的阈值电流传感器的内燃机的操作混合物的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量。通过将阈值电流传感器上存在的测量电压改变为与预期的运行状态变化相对应的氧浓度变化的电压量，阈值电流传感器的时间特性基本上是缓慢，被补偿，并且可以将其用于内燃机中快速功能的闭环控制系统。

4. 发明授权

US4333439A Apparatus for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于控制内燃机中废气再循环速率的装置
公开(公告)号：US4333439A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US127158
申请日：1980-03-04
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder
IPC分类号： F02M25/07 , F02D21/08 , F02M25/06
CPC分类号： F02D41/0065 , F02D41/144 , F02D41/005 , Y02T10/47
摘要： An apparatus is proposed for controlling the exhaust recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine with auto-ignition, which includes preferably one mixture valve in the area of the discharge opening of the exhaust recirculation line and which is characterized in that the control is accomplished via the mixture valve position ahead of the inlet valves in accordance with the concentration of at least one component of the air-exhaust gas mixture and/or at least one component of the exhaust gas. Thus it is possible to operate the engine with a relatively emission-free exhaust. An exhaust gas reservoir is further provided, with which peaks in the exhaust gas concentration due to a dynamic driving mode can be intercepted. Finally, it is also proposed that the exhaust recirculation be realized solely via a pressure, which can be controlled in open-loop or closed-loop fashion, in the exhaust line by means of a valve.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于控制内燃机，特别是具有自动点火的发动机的排气再循环率的装置，其优选地包括在排气再循环管线的排放口的区域中的一个混合阀，并且其特征在于，根据排气混合物的至少一种组分和/或废气的至少一种组分的浓度，通过进口阀前面的混合阀位置实现控制。因此，可以用相对无排放的排气来操作发动机。还设置有废气储存器，由此可以拦截由于动态驱动模式引起的废气浓度的峰值。最后，还提出排气再循环仅通过可通过阀门在排气管路中以开环或闭环方式控制的压力来实现。

5. 发明授权

US4391691A Temperature compensated polarographic oxygen gas sensor and sensing system, particularly for automotive application 失效
标题翻译：温度补偿极谱氧气传感器和传感系统，特别适用于汽车应用
公开(公告)号：US4391691A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US242579
申请日：1981-03-11
申请人： Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
发明人： Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , F02D41/14 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/48 , G01N27/56 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , F02D41/1476 , G01N27/4065 , G01N27/48
摘要： To render output of a polarographic sensor essentially independent of aging of electrodes and temperature effects of the solid electrolyte body, within the operating ranges of the sensor to measure the oxygen composition of exhaust gases, the solid electrolyte plate of, for example, 50 mm length, 8 mm width and 1 mm thickness has a sensing electrode system including a cathode (2), and an anode (3) applied thereto, connected to a voltage source (7) of controllable output voltage. An oxygen molecule diffusion barrier (6) is applied to the cathode electrode. Additionally, a further electrode pair (5,4) is applied to the solid electrolyte body (1), serially connected in the current limiting circuit including the control voltage source. The voltage across one (2,3) of the electrode pairs is measured and compared with the voltage across the other electrode pair (4,5) voltage source, since the resistance of the zirconium solid electrolyte body drops with increasing temperature at roughly the same rate as the increase in limit current flow with increasing temperature. Both electrode pairs (2,3; 4,5) on the solid electrolyte body (1) are exposed to the gases, the oxygen content of which is to be analyzed.
摘要翻译：为了使极谱传感器的输出基本上独立于电极的老化和固体电解质体的温度效应，在用于测量废气的氧气组成的传感器的操作范围内，固体电解质板例如为50mm长度宽8mm，厚1mm的感测电极系统具有与可控输出电压的电压源（7）连接的阴极（2）和阳极（3）的检测电极系统。向阴极施加氧分子扩散阻挡层（6）。另外，在包括控制电压源的限流电路中串联连接到固体电解质体（1）上的另一电极对（5,4）。测量一个（2,3）电极对上的电压，并与另一个电极对（4,5）电压源上的电压进行比较，因为锆固体电解质体的电阻随温度升高大致相同而下降随着温度的升高，限流电流的增加。将固体电解质体（1）上的两个电极对（2,3; 4,5）暴露于要分析其含氧量的气体。

6. 发明授权

US4369748A Optical engine knock sensing system 失效
标题翻译：光学发动机爆震传感系统
公开(公告)号：US4369748A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-25
申请号：US268856
申请日：1981-06-01
申请人： Leo Steinke , Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
发明人： Leo Steinke , Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
IPC分类号： G01M15/00 , F02P5/152 , F02P5/153 , G01H9/00 , G01H17/00 , G01L23/22 , F02P5/04 , F02B3/00
CPC分类号： G01L23/22 , F02P5/1525 , Y02T10/46
摘要： A sensor (10) optically coupled to the combustion chamber (10') of an internal combustion (IC) engine is kept free from contaminating or dirt deposits, or the like, by subjecting the sensor to mechanical shocks or vibration. The mechanical shocks or vibration are obtained by the engine itself by controlling the engine to operate for a predetermined time period as set by a monostable flip-flop (FF) (18) under controlled knocking conditions, the shock waves within the combustion chamber causing flaking off or dropping off of contaminating deposits. Controlled knocking can be obtained by advancing ignition timing by additional control of an ignition system (19) in a direction of excessive spark advance, or overriding a knocking inhibiting system already present on the engine. The degree of contamination of the sensor can be determined, for example, by integrating the light received over a predetermined angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft and comparing this rotation with the amount of fuel supplied to the engine for combustion, for example by comparison with timing of a fuel injection pulse, or the like.
摘要翻译：光学耦合到内燃机（IC）发动机的燃烧室（10'）的传感器（10）通过使传感器受到机械冲击或振动而保持没有污染或污垢沉积物等。发动机本身通过控制发动机在受控的爆震条件下由单稳态触发器（FF）（18）设定的预定时间段来实现机械冲击或振动，燃烧室内的冲击波引起剥落脱落或掉落污染沉积物。可以通过在点火系统（19）的过度火花提前的方向上进一步控制点火正时或者超越已经存在于发动机上的爆震抑制系统来获得控制爆震。传感器的污染程度可以例如通过将在发动机曲轴的预定旋转角度上接收到的光积分并将该旋转与供给到发动机用于燃烧的燃料量进行比较来确定，例如通过与燃料喷射脉冲的定时等。

7. 发明授权

US4358952A Optical engine knock sensor 失效
标题翻译：光学引擎爆震传感器
公开(公告)号：US4358952A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US214513
申请日：1980-12-09
申请人： Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Klaus Muller , Ernst Linder
发明人： Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Klaus Muller , Ernst Linder
IPC分类号： F02P5/152 , F02P5/153 , G01H9/00 , G01L23/22
CPC分类号： G01L23/22
摘要： To detect detonations in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the sensor system is constructed as a unit that may be threadedly engaged with the combustion chamber wall, the unit including an antechamber in the region near the combustion chamber and a detector being disposed at the base of the antechamber. The sensor system further may be equipped with a heater for burning off contaminations. In a further embodiment, at least one filter disc is disposed in front of the detector, so that a selective processing of the received optical signals is possible.
摘要翻译：为了检测内燃机的燃烧室中的爆震，传感器系统被构造为可以与燃烧室壁螺纹接合的单元，该单元包括在燃烧室附近的区域中的前室，并且检测器设置在前厅的基地。传感器系统还可以配备有用于燃烧污染物的加热器。在另一个实施例中，至少一个滤光片设置在检测器的前面，使得接收到的光信号的选择性处理是可能的。

8. 发明授权

US4334974A Electrochemical oxygen sensor, particularly for use with exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and especially for polarographic application 失效
标题翻译：电化学氧传感器，特别适用于内燃机废气，尤其适用于极谱应用
公开(公告)号：US4334974A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US121598
申请日：1980-02-14
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067
摘要： To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body. The heating element and the electrodes of the sensing element are carried out as conductive tracks for connection to respective sources of operating or biassing potential and, with respect to the sensing electrodes, to an evaluation circuit.
摘要翻译：为了允许廉价的并且适合批量生产制造的层结构，板状结构中的固体电解质体，其中的电极位于壳体中，其一部分在其暴露的区域中延伸对待检测的气体; 在其中一个电极上施加多孔覆盖层，多孔覆盖层对氧分子具有预定的扩散阻力。与固体电解质板大致相同尺寸的平板绝缘板位于平坦的平面上，平板状电加热元件固定在平绝缘板上，或者在其他实施例中固定在另一侧的另一绝缘覆盖物加热元件也靠近电极并且靠近主体的平面。感测元件的加热元件和电极被执行为用于连接到相应的操作或偏置电位源的导电轨道，并且相对于感测电极被执行到评估电路。

9. 发明授权

US4496455A Polarographic sensor and sensing system for determining oxygen content in gases 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体中氧含量的极谱传感器和传感系统
公开(公告)号：US4496455A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-29
申请号：US604985
申请日：1984-04-27
申请人： Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
发明人： Ernst Linder , Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/417 , G01N27/48 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/417 , G01N27/48
摘要： The linearity of response of a polarographic sensor, of the diffusion-limited current type, having a solid electrolyte (1) and being particularly adapted for measuring oxygen content in exhaust gases from combustion processes, is improved by providing the anode (2b) of the sensor's first, measuring cell with a constant, internal supply of reference oxygen. Preventing the oxygen concentration at the anode (2b) from fluctuating eliminates a non-linearity which would otherwise occur in the plot of oxygen concentration versus diffusion-limited current, as the fuel/air ratio of the mixture being combusted passes 1.The oxygen supply takes the form of a second, pumping cell (3a,3b) which can utilize the same solid electrolyte layer (1) as the first cell, and which pumps oxygen ions across the electrolyte to the second cell's anode (3b), where they become oxygen molecules and are directed through a duct (8) to the measuring cell's anode (2b).Excessive pressure in the duct (8) is prevented by providing small pores (10) in the surrounding glass cover (9) for outward diffusion of excess oxygen. A constant voltage is applied to both cells.
摘要翻译：具有固体电解质（1）并且特别适用于测量来自燃烧过程的废气中的氧含量的扩散受限电流类型的极谱传感器的响应的线性度通过提供阳极（2b）传感器的第一个测量单元，具有恒定的内部参考氧气供应。防止阳极（2b）上的氧浓度波动消除了当燃烧的混合物的燃料/空气比通过1时氧气浓度对扩散限制电流的曲线图将出现的非线性。氧气供应采用可以利用与第一电池相同的固体电解质层（1）的第二泵送电池（3a，3b）的形式，并且将氧离子跨越电解质泵送到第二电池的阳极（3b），在那里它们变成氧分子并通过导管（8）引导到测量池的阳极（2b）。通过在周围的玻璃罩（9）中设置小孔（10）以防止过量氧的向外扩散来防止管道（8）中的过大的压力。对两个电池施加恒定电压。

10. 发明授权

US4426986A Apparatus for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于控制内燃机中废气再循环速率的装置
公开(公告)号：US4426986A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-24
申请号：US358760
申请日：1982-03-16
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder
IPC分类号： F02M25/07 , F02D21/08 , F02M25/06
CPC分类号： F02D41/0065 , F02D41/144 , F02D41/005 , Y02T10/47
摘要： An apparatus is proposed for controlling the exhaust recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine with auto-ignition, which includes preferably one mixture valve in the area of the discharge opening of the exhaust recirculation line and which is characterized in that the control is accomplished via the mixture valve position ahead of the inlet valves in accordance with the concentration of at least one component of the air-exhaust gas mixture and/or at least one component of the exhaust gas. Thus it is possible to operate the engine with a relatively emission-free exhaust. An exhaust gas reservoir is further provided, with which peaks in the exhaust gas concentration due to a dynamic driving mode can be intercepted. Finally, it is also proposed that the exhaust recirculation be realized solely via a pressure, which can be controlled in open-loop or closed-loop fashion, in the exhaust line by means of a valve.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于控制内燃机，特别是具有自动点火的发动机的排气再循环率的装置，其优选地包括在排气再循环管线的排放口的区域中的一个混合阀，并且其特征在于，根据排气混合物的至少一种组分和/或废气的至少一种组分的浓度，通过进口阀前面的混合阀位置实现控制。因此，可以用相对无排放的排气来操作发动机。还设置有废气储存器，由此可以拦截由于动态驱动模式引起的废气浓度的峰值。最后，还提出排气再循环仅通过可通过阀门在排气管路中以开环或闭环方式控制的压力来实现。

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