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1. 发明授权

US5733497A Selective laser sintering with composite plastic material 失效
标题翻译：选择性激光烧结与复合塑料材料
公开(公告)号：US5733497A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-31
申请号：US527840
申请日：1995-09-13
申请人： Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase , Mark E. Ganninger , Frederic W. Kunig , Angelo J. Magistro
发明人： Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase , Mark E. Ganninger , Frederic W. Kunig , Angelo J. Magistro
IPC分类号： C08J9/24 , B29C39/00 , B29C41/00 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/20 , B29K105/04 , C08J9/32 , C08K7/20 , C08L77/00 , C08L101/00 , B29C35/08 , B29C41/02
CPC分类号： C08K7/20 , B29C39/003 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077
摘要： A composite powder specially adapted for use in selective laser sintering is disclosed. The composite powder includes a polymer powder dry mixed with a reinforcement powder, where the polymer powder has a melting temperature substantially lower than that of the reinforcement powder. In the case where nearfully dense parts are to be formed, the first constituent powder is preferably a semi-crystalline powder, for example nylon 11, of a composition suitable for forming near-fully dense parts when used unblended in selective laser sintering; if porous parts are desired, the polymer powder is an amorphous powder, such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylates, and styrene/acrylate copolymers. The reinforcement powder is preferably microspheres of glass, preferably coated to enhance wetting and adhesion with the polymer powder when selective laser sintering is performed. Besides improving the stiffness and heat resistance of the part produced, the composite powder widens the process window over that provided by unblended powder, provides improved dimensional accuracy in the part produced, and facilitates roughbreakout and smooth finishing of the part produced.
摘要翻译：公开了一种特别适用于选择性激光烧结的复合粉末。复合粉末包括与增强粉末混合的聚合物粉末，其中聚合物粉末的熔融温度基本上低于加强粉末的熔融温度。在要形成接近密集部分的情况下，第一组分粉末优选为半结晶粉末，例如尼龙11，适合于在选择性激光烧结中未掺杂时形成近乎致密部分的组合物; 如果需要多孔部分，聚合物粉末是无定形粉末，例如聚碳酸酯，聚苯乙烯，丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物。增强粉末优选是玻璃微球体，优选涂覆以在选择性激光烧结时增强与聚合物粉末的润湿性和粘合性。除了提高所生产部件的刚度和耐热性之外，复合材料粉末使工艺窗口比非混合粉末提高了加工窗口的尺寸，提高了产品尺寸精度，并促进了生产部件的破裂和光滑整理。

2. 发明授权

US5527877A Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith 失效
公开(公告)号：US5527877A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US298076
申请日：1994-08-30
申请人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Biing L. Lee , Glenn A. Taylor , Angelo J. Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Biing L. Lee , Glenn A. Taylor , Angelo J. Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： C08L101/00 , B29C35/08 , B29C41/00 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/04 , B29K23/00 , B29K77/00 , C08G69/14 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24 , C08L23/04 , C08L23/10 , C08L23/26 , C08L59/00 , C08L77/00
CPC分类号： C08J3/12 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077 , B29C67/04 , C08J9/24 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094 , Y10S521/919 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/249958 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/252
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, a useful powder is disclosed that has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles have an average diameter greater than 180 .mu.m, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53 .mu.m is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53 .mu.m to 180 .mu.m. A powder with slow recrystallization rates, as evidenced by non-overlapping endothermic and exothermic peaks in their differential scanning calorimetry characteristics for scan rates of on the order of 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. per minute, will also result in sintered parts that are near-fully dense, with minimal dimensional distortion.

3. 发明授权

US5817206A Selective laser sintering of polymer powder of controlled particle size distribution 失效
标题翻译：选择性激光烧结聚合物粉末的受控粒度分布
公开(公告)号：US5817206A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-06
申请号：US597805
申请日：1996-02-07
申请人： Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase , Richard B. Booth
发明人： Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase , Richard B. Booth
IPC分类号： B29C67/00 , C08J3/12 , B27N3/00 , B32B31/00
CPC分类号： C08J3/122 , B29C67/0077 , C08J2325/04 , C08J2333/06
摘要： A powder for use in selective laser sintering, from which prototype articles and masters for molds may be formed, is disclosed. The powder is formed by spray drying a polymer emulsion to yield a distribution of particles of substantially spherical shape. The powder is then air classified to remove excessively small particles from the distribution; the powder may also be screened to remove large particles therefrom, as well. The resulting distribution of particle sizes, by volume, preferably has a mean particle size of between about 20.mu. and about 50.mu., with preferably less than about 5% (by volume) of its particles with a size of less than about 15.mu. and less than about 2% (by volume) of its particles with a size of greater than about 75.mu.. The powder is subjected to selective laser sintering to produce an article of approximately 55% to 75% of theoretical density. The article may be used as a prototype article or part, or as a pattern or master for a mold.
摘要翻译：公开了用于选择性激光烧结的粉末，其中可以形成用于模具的原型制品和主体。粉末通过喷雾干燥聚合物乳液形成，以产生基本上为球形的颗粒的分布。然后将粉末进行空气分类，以从分布中去除过小的颗粒; 也可以筛选粉末以从其中除去大颗粒。所得到的体积分数的体积优选具有约20至约50微米的平均粒度，优选小于约5％（体积）的其尺寸小于约15微米的颗粒，以及小于约2％（体积）的其尺寸大于约75μm的颗粒。对粉末进行选择性激光烧结以产生约55％至75％的理论密度的制品。该物品可以用作原型制品或零件，或用作模具的图案或母版。

4. 再颁专利

USRE39354E1 Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith 有权
标题翻译：与其形成的可烧结的半结晶粉末和近乎致密的物品
公开(公告)号：USRE39354E1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-17
申请号：US10282191
申请日：2002-10-24
申请人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing-Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing-Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： C08G69/14
CPC分类号： C08J9/24 , B29C41/003 , B29C64/153 , B29C67/04 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094 , B33Y10/00 , B33Y70/00 , C08J3/12 , Y10S521/919 , Y10T428/249958
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, a useful powder is disclosed that has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles have an average diameter greater than 180 μm, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53 μm is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53 μm to 180 μm. A powder with slow recrystallization rates, as evidenced by non-overlapping or slightly overlapping endothermic and exothermic peaks in their differential scanning calorimetry characteristics for scan rates of on the order of 10° C. to 20° C. per minute, will also result in sintered parts that are near-fully dense, with minimal dimensional distortion.
摘要翻译：已经制备了具有独特性质的激光可烧结粉末产品，其允许粉末在选择性激光烧结机中烧结以形成接近完全致密的烧结部分。对于大多数目的，烧结部分与通过各向同性地成型粉末制成的具有相同尺寸的另一部件是不可区分的。除了在接近其软化温度的温度下可自由流动外，还公开了一种有用的粉末，其具有两层分布，其中基本上没有一次颗粒的平均直径大于180μm，只要颗粒的数均比例小于53μm的大于80％，剩余的较大的颗粒的尺寸范围为53μm至180μm。具有缓慢重结晶速率的粉末，其扫描速率在每分钟10℃至20℃的差示扫描量热法特征中不重叠或轻微重叠的吸热和放热峰所证明的也将导致几乎完全致密的烧结部件，具有最小的尺寸变形。

5. 发明授权

US6136948A Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith 失效
标题翻译：与其形成的可烧结的半结晶粉末和近乎致密的物品
公开(公告)号：US6136948A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US892583
申请日：1997-07-14
申请人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： B29C35/08 , B29C41/00 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/04 , C08G69/14 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24
CPC分类号： B29C67/04 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094 , Y10S521/919 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/252
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, a useful powder is disclosed that has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles have an average diameter greater than 180 .mu.m, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53 .mu.m is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53 .mu.m to 180 .mu.m. A powder with slow recrystallization rates, as evidenced by non-overlapping or slightly overlapping endothermic and exothermic peaks in their differential scanning calorimetry characteristics for scan rates of on the order of 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. per minute, will also result in sintered parts that are near-fully dense, with minimal dimensional distortion.
摘要翻译：已经制备了具有独特性质的激光可烧结粉末产品，其允许粉末在选择性激光烧结机中烧结以形成接近完全致密的烧结部分。对于大多数目的，烧结部分与通过各向同性地成型粉末制成的具有相同尺寸的另一部件是不可区分的。除了在接近其软化温度的温度下可自由流动外，还公开了一种有用的粉末，其具有两层分布，其中基本上没有一次颗粒的平均直径大于180μm，条件是，小于53μm的颗粒大于80％，剩余的较大颗粒的尺寸范围为53μm至180μm。具有缓慢重结晶速率的粉末，其扫描速率在每分钟10℃至20℃的差示扫描量热法特性中的非重叠或稍微重叠的吸热和放热峰所证明的也将导致几乎完全致密的烧结部件，具有最小的尺寸变形。

6. 发明授权

US5648450A Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therein 失效
标题翻译：在其中形成的可烧结的半结晶粉末和近乎致密的物品
公开(公告)号：US5648450A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-15
申请号：US664356
申请日：1996-06-17
申请人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Elmer Douglas Dickens, Jr. , Biing Lin Lee , Glenn Alfred Taylor , Angelo Joseph Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin P. McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： B29C35/08 , B29C41/00 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/04 , C08G69/14 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24
CPC分类号： B29C67/04 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094 , Y10S521/919 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/249958 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/252
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, a useful powder is disclosed that has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles have an average diameter greater than 180 .mu.m, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53 .mu.m is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53 .mu.m to 180 .mu.m. A powder with slow recrystallization rates, as evidenced by non-overlapping or slightly overlapping endothermic and exothermic peaks in their differential scanning calorimetry characteristics for scan rates of on the order of 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. per minute, will also result in sintered parts that are near-fully dense, with minimal dimensional distortion.
摘要翻译：已经制备了具有独特性质的激光可烧结粉末产品，其允许粉末在选择性激光烧结机中烧结以形成接近完全致密的烧结部分。对于大多数目的，烧结部分与通过各向同性地成型粉末制成的具有相同尺寸的另一部件是不可区分的。除了在接近其软化温度的温度下可自由流动外，还公开了一种有用的粉末，其具有两层分布，其中基本上没有一次颗粒的平均直径大于180μm，条件是，小于53μm的颗粒大于80％，剩余的较大颗粒的尺寸范围为53μm至180μm。具有缓慢重结晶速率的粉末，其扫描速率在每分钟10℃至20℃的差示扫描量热法特性中的非重叠或稍微重叠的吸热和放热峰所证明的也将导致几乎完全致密的烧结部件，具有最小的尺寸变形。

7. 发明授权

US5252264A Apparatus and method for producing parts with multi-directional powder delivery 失效
标题翻译：用于生产多方向粉末输送部件的设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5252264A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US789358
申请日：1991-11-08
申请人： Paul F. Forderhase , Carl R. Deckard , Jack M. Klein
发明人： Paul F. Forderhase , Carl R. Deckard , Jack M. Klein
IPC分类号： B23K26/00 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/02 , B22F3/035 , B22F3/10 , B22F3/105 , B23K26/34 , B29C35/08 , B29C67/00 , C04B35/64
CPC分类号： B29C67/0077 , B22F3/004 , B22F2003/1056 , B22F2998/00 , B29K2105/251 , G05B2219/49013 , Y02P10/295
摘要： An apparatus and method for producing parts by fusing selected portions of a layer of powder at a target area, including the systems for delivering the powder to the target area, is disclosed. Multiple powder pistons are included in the apparatus, each of which lift a volume of powder above a surface in an alternating manner relative to one another. Powder delivery begins by the lifting of a volume of powder at a first location on one side of the target area. A counter-rotating roller moves across the lifted powder, distributes it over the target area, and rests beyond a second powder lifting location on the other side of the target area. Portions of the powder layer are then fused at the target area according to a cross-section of the part to be produced, and is followed by lowering a part cylinder at the target area in order to accept the next layer of powder. A second volume of powder is lifted at the second location, and the counter-rotating roller moves across the second location and the target area to deliver the next layer of powder to the target area. The multiple powder piston system reduces the excess powder in the chamber, speeds the delivery of powder, and facilitates the installation of powder during the process.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于通过将目标区域上的粉末层的选定部分熔合而制造零件的装置和方法，包括用于将粉末输送到目标区域的系统。装置中包括多个粉末活塞，每个粉末活塞相对于彼此以交替的方式提升一个表面上方的体积的粉末。通过在目标区域一侧的第一位置提升一定体积的粉末开始粉末递送。反转辊移动穿过提升的粉末，将其分配在目标区域上，并且在目标区域的另一侧上放置在第二粉末提升位置之外。然后根据要制造的部件的横截面将粉末层的部分熔合在目标区域，然后在目标区域处降低部分圆筒，以接受下一层粉末。第二体积的粉末在第二位置被提升，并且反向旋转辊移动穿过第二位置和目标区域，以将下一层粉末输送到目标区域。多粉末活塞系统减少了室中的多余粉末，加速了粉末的输送，并且在该过程中容易安装粉末。

8. 发明申请

US20080190558A1 Wafer processing apparatus and method 审中-公开
标题翻译：晶圆加工设备及方法
公开(公告)号：US20080190558A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-14
申请号：US11825659
申请日：2007-07-06
申请人： Joel Brad Bailey , Jean-Michel Claude Huret , Paul F. Forderhase , Satish Sadam , Scott Allen Stratton , Michael D. Robbins
发明人： Joel Brad Bailey , Jean-Michel Claude Huret , Paul F. Forderhase , Satish Sadam , Scott Allen Stratton , Michael D. Robbins
IPC分类号： H01L21/306
CPC分类号： H01L21/6708 , H01L21/31116 , H01L21/31612 , H01L21/6719 , H01L21/68785
摘要： An edge area of the substrate processing device is disclosed. The edge area being processed is isolated from the remainder of the substrate by directing a flow of an inert gas through a plenum near the area to be processed thus forming a barrier while directing a flow of reactive species at an angle relative to the top surface of the substrate towards the substrate edge area thus processing the substrate edge area. A flow of oxygen containing gas into the processing chamber together with a negative exhaust pressure may contribute to the biasing of reactive species and other gases away from the non-processing areas of the substrate.
摘要翻译：公开了一种基板处理装置的边缘区域。正在处理的边缘区域与基板的其余部分分离，通过使惰性气体流通过待处理区域附近的增压室，从而形成屏障，同时将反应物流的流动相对于顶部表面成一定角度基板朝向基板边缘区域，从而处理基板边缘区域。含氧气体流入处理室和负排气压力可能有助于使反应物质和其他气体偏离基板的非处理区域。

9. 发明申请

US20090122304A1 Apparatus and Method for Wafer Edge Exclusion Measurement 审中-公开
标题翻译：晶圆边缘排除测量的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20090122304A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US12188887
申请日：2008-08-08
申请人： Ju Jin , Satish Sadam , Vishal Verma , Zhiyan Huang , Siming Lin , Michael D. Robbins , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Ju Jin , Satish Sadam , Vishal Verma , Zhiyan Huang , Siming Lin , Michael D. Robbins , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： G01N21/88 , H05B37/02
CPC分类号： G01N21/4738 , G01N21/9503
摘要： A substrate illumination and inspection system provides for illuminating and inspecting a substrate particularly the substrate edge. The system uses a light diffuser with a plurality of lights disposed at its exterior or interior for providing uniform diffuse illumination of a substrate. An optic and imaging system exterior of the light diffuser are used to inspect the plurality of surfaces of the substrate including specular surfaces. An automatic defect characterization processor is provided.
摘要翻译：衬底照明和检查系统提供用于照明和检查衬底，特别是衬底边缘。该系统使用具有设置在其外部或内部的多个光的光漫射器，用于提供衬底的均匀漫射照明。光扩散器的光学和成像系统外部用于检查包括镜面的基板的多个表面。提供自动缺陷表征处理器。

10. 发明申请

US20090116727A1 Apparatus and Method for Wafer Edge Defects Detection 审中-公开
标题翻译：晶圆边缘缺陷检测装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US20090116727A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-07
申请号：US12188849
申请日：2008-08-08
申请人： Ju Jin , Satish Sadam , Vishal Verma , Zhiyan Huang , Siming Lin , Michael D. Robbins , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Ju Jin , Satish Sadam , Vishal Verma , Zhiyan Huang , Siming Lin , Michael D. Robbins , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/4738 , G01N21/9503
摘要： A substrate illumination and inspection system provides for illuminating and inspecting a substrate particularly the substrate edge. The system a image processor to automatically detect and characterize defects on the wafer's edge.
摘要翻译：衬底照明和检查系统提供用于照明和检查衬底，特别是衬底边缘。该系统用于自动检测和表征晶圆边缘缺陷的图像处理器。

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