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1. 发明授权

US06291928B1 High bandwidth, large stroke actuator 有权
标题翻译：高带宽，大行程执行器
公开(公告)号：US06291928B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09461941
申请日：1999-12-15
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Erik Saarmaa , Eric Fitch , Carl Prestia , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Erik Saarmaa , Eric Fitch , Carl Prestia , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： H01L4108
CPC分类号： H02N2/043
摘要： A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.
摘要翻译：混合致动器包括应变致动元件，其移动流体以移动活塞，其中元件形成流体壳体，并且被定向和致动以优化力，冲程或带宽。在一个优选实施例中，元件是包围流体的圆柱体，应变引起的尺寸变化的径向和轴向分量加在一起以增加位移。在另一个优选实施例中，压电弯曲元件产生大笔划，高带宽移动。在不受外部管道或液压作用的轻型电动装置中实现高达致动器长度的50％的行程和500Hz以上的带宽。致动器易于集成到闸阀，次低音扬声器或其他被驱动装置中。

2. 发明授权

US5866971A Hybrid motor 失效
公开(公告)号：US5866971A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US699680
申请日：1996-08-14
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley , Farla M. Russo , Erik Saarmaa
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley , Farla M. Russo , Erik Saarmaa
IPC分类号： H01L41/09 , H02N2/06 , H02H2/02 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H02N2/043
摘要： A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.

3. 发明授权

US6093995A Hybrid motor 有权
标题翻译：混合电动机
公开(公告)号：US6093995A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US237154
申请日：1999-01-25
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley , Farla M. Russo , Erik Saarmaa
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley , Farla M. Russo , Erik Saarmaa
IPC分类号： H01L41/09 , H02N2/06 , H02H2/02 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H02N2/043
摘要： A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.
摘要翻译：混合致动器包括应变致动元件，其移动流体以移动活塞，其中元件形成流体壳体，并且被定向和致动以优化力，冲程或带宽。在一个优选实施例中，元件是包围流体的圆柱体，应变引起的尺寸变化的径向和轴向分量加在一起以增加位移。在另一个优选实施例中，压电弯曲元件产生大笔划，高带宽移动。在不受外部管道或液压作用的轻型电动装置中实现高达致动器长度的50％的行程和500Hz以上的带宽。致动器易于集成到闸阀，次低音扬声器或其他被驱动装置中。

4. 发明授权

US5656882A Packaged strain actuator 失效
标题翻译：包装应变致动器
公开(公告)号：US5656882A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US711249
申请日：1996-09-10
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： G01L1/16 , G03F7/20 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/09 , H01L41/22 , H02N2/00 , H03H9/17 , H04R17/08 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/23 , G03F7/70725 , G03F7/70758 , G03F7/709 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/0926 , H01L41/0933 , H01L41/094 , H01L41/0953 , H01L41/0993 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49126 , Y10T29/49128 , Y10T29/49146
摘要： A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece, device, substrate, machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.
摘要翻译：模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成与实体工件，器件，基板，机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

5. 发明授权

US06193029B1 Damper and valve 失效
公开(公告)号：US06193029B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-27
申请号：US08890955
申请日：1997-07-08
申请人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： F16F932
CPC分类号： F16F9/463 , F16F9/34 , F16F9/466 , F16F2224/0283
摘要： A valve regulates fluid displacement in a damper assembly, for example, displacement of hydraulic fluid in a sealed shock absorber. The valve is placed between a portion of fluid at one pressure and regulates the passage of fluid through an aperture or passage to a portion of fluid at a lower pressure by a blocking member which moves to obstruct the aperture in accordance with a desired level of damping. The blocking member is, or is driven by, an electroactive device, such as a bimorph actuator formed of ferroelectric material. In one embodiment, the blocking member is a bimorph which covers the aperture, and is flexibly displaced by passage of pressurized fluid through the aperture. A controller provides an electrical actuation signal to move the bimorph toward or away from the aperture, augmenting or decreasing its closing bias to affect both the threshold flow initiation pressure and the rate of flow once the passage opens. Preferably the blocking member is a flexible piezoelectric assembly, which moves across a gap to provide a varying obstruction in the near field of fluid flow as the fluid moves through the passage. Piezobenders, washers and various pinned or cantilevered constructions of electroactive elements are adapted to different passage geometries. The valve assembly may be implemented in a plenum that attaches between chambers of a fluid housing, and include a first passage leading to one side, illustratively the high pressure side, of the damping piston, and a second passage connecting to the other, e.g., low pressure side of the piston. A piezo bender covers an elongated opening between the first and second passages and a controller moves the bender toward or away from the opening to reduce or increase flow. Preferably, a position sensor connected to the controller senses piston position, and the controller operates to energize the bender and to obstruct the opening or to further restrict flow if the piston position or its velocity is determined to lie above a threshold.

6. 发明授权

US06427812B2 Damper and valve 有权
标题翻译：阻尼器和阀门
公开(公告)号：US06427812B2
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09768119
申请日：2001-01-23
申请人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： F16F932
CPC分类号： F16F9/463 , F16F9/34 , F16F9/466 , F16F2224/0283
摘要： A valve regulates fluid displacement in a damper assembly, for example, displacement of hydraulic fluid in a sealed shock absorber. The valve is placed between a portion of fluid at one pressure and regulates the passage of fluid through an aperture or passage to a portion of fluid at a lower pressure by a blocking member which moves to obstruct the aperture in accordance with a desired level of damping. The blocking member is, or is driven by, an electroactive device, such as a bimorph actuator formed of ferroelectric material.
摘要翻译：阀调节阻尼器组件中的流体位移，例如在密封减震器中的液压流体的位移。阀在一个压力下被放置在流体的一部分之间并且通过阻挡构件来调节流体通过孔或通道到较低压力下的流体的一部分，阻挡构件根据期望的阻尼水平而移动以阻塞孔。阻挡构件是由电活性装置驱动的，例如由铁电材料形成的双压电晶片致动器。

7. 发明授权

US06420819B1 Packaged strain actuator 失效
标题翻译：包装应变致动器
公开(公告)号：US06420819B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US08188145
申请日：1994-01-27
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： H01L4108
CPC分类号： H01L41/23 , G03F7/70725 , G03F7/70758 , G03F7/709 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/0926 , H01L41/0933 , H01L41/094 , H01L41/0953 , H01L41/0993 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49126 , Y10T29/49128 , Y10T29/49146
摘要： A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece,device, substrate, machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.
摘要翻译：模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成与实体工件，器件，基板，机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

8. 发明授权

US6069433A Packaged strain actuator 失效
标题翻译：包装应变致动器
公开(公告)号：US6069433A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US943645
申请日：1997-10-03
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： G01L1/16 , G03F7/20 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/09 , H01L41/22 , H02N2/00 , H03H9/17 , H04R17/08 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/23 , G03F7/70725 , G03F7/70758 , G03F7/709 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/0926 , H01L41/0933 , H01L41/094 , H01L41/0953 , H01L41/0993 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49126 , Y10T29/49128 , Y10T29/49146
摘要： A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece,device, substratesmachine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.
摘要翻译：模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成表面到表面的机械耦合与固体工件，装置，基板机或样品。结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

9. 发明授权

US5687462A Packaged strain actuator 失效
标题翻译：包装应变致动器
公开(公告)号：US5687462A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-18
申请号：US342370
申请日：1994-11-18
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Mark E. Lundstrom , Jeffrey W. Moore , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： G01L1/16 , G03F7/20 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/09 , H01L41/22 , H02N2/00 , H03H9/17 , H04R17/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/23 , G03F7/70725 , G03F7/70758 , G03F7/709 , H01L41/047 , H01L41/053 , H01L41/0926 , H01L41/0933 , H01L41/094 , H01L41/0953 , H01L41/0993 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49126 , Y10T29/49128 , Y10T29/49146
摘要： A modular actuator assembly includes one or more plates or elements of electro-active material bonded to an electroded sheet, preferably by a structural polymer to form a card. The card is sealed, and may itself constitute a practical device, such as a vane, shaker, stirrer, lever, pusher or sonicator for direct contact with a solid or immersion in a fluid, or may be bonded by a stiff adhesive to make a surface-to-surface mechanical coupling with a solid workpiece,device, substrate machine or sample. The structural polymer provides a bending stiffness such that the thin plate does not deform to its breaking point, and a mechanical stiffness such that shear forces are efficiently coupled from the plate to the workpiece. In further embodiments, the card may include active circuit elements for switching, powering or processing signals, and/or passive circuit elements for filtering, matching or damping signals, so that few or no connections to outside circuitry are required. The actuator assembly can be manufactured in quantity, to provide a versatile actuator with uniform mechanical and actuation characteristics, that introduces negligible mass loading to the workpiece. The cards themselves may be arranged as independent mechanical actuators, rather than strain-transfer actuators, in which the induced strain changes the position of the card. Various arrangements of pinned or cantilevered cards may act as a pusher, bender or other motive actuator, and structures such as powered bellows may be formed directly by folding one or more suitably patterned cards.
摘要翻译：模块化致动器组件包括一个或多个电活性材料的板或元件，其结合到电镀片材上，优选地通过结构聚合物形成卡片。该卡被密封，并且本身可以构成用于与固体直接接触或浸入流体中的实际装置，例如叶片，摇动器，搅拌器，杠杆，推动器或超声波器，或者可以通过刚性粘合剂粘合以形成与实体工件，器件，基板机器或样品的表面到表面的机械耦合。结构聚合物提供弯曲刚度，使得薄板不会变形到其断裂点，并且具有机械刚度，使得剪切力从板有效地耦合到工件。在另外的实施例中，卡可以包括用于切换，供电或处理信号的有源电路元件，和/或用于滤波，匹配或阻尼信号的无源电路元件，使得很少或者不需要与外部电路的连接。致动器组件可以大量制造，以提供具有均匀机械和致动特性的通用致动器，其将可忽略的质量负载引入到工件中。卡本身可以被布置为独立的机械致动器，而不是应变传递致动器，其中感应应变改变卡的位置。钉扎或悬臂卡的各种布置可以用作推动器，弯曲机或其它动作致动器，并且诸如动力波纹管的结构可以通过折叠一个或多个适当图案化的卡直接形成。

10. 发明授权

US5374011A Multivariable adaptive surface control 失效
标题翻译：多变量自适应表面控制
公开(公告)号：US5374011A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-20
申请号：US791899
申请日：1991-11-13
申请人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley
发明人： Kenneth B. Lazarus , Edward F. Crawley
IPC分类号： B64C3/48 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/24 , B64G1/36 , G05D1/08 , B64G5/00
CPC分类号： B64C3/48 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/24 , B64G1/36 , G05D1/0825
摘要： An adaptive sheet structure with distributed strain actuators is controlled by a dynamic compensator that implements multiple input, multiple output control laws derived by model-based, e.g., Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control methodologies. An adaptive lifting surface is controlled for maneuver enhancement, flutter and vibration suppression and gust and load alleviation with piezoceramic elements located within, or enclosed by sheets of composite material at a particular height above the structure's neutral axis. Sensors detect the amplitudes of lower order structural modes, and distributed actuators drive or damp these and other modes. The controller is constructed from an experimental and theoretical model using conventional control software, with a number of event recognition patterns and control algorithms programmed for regulating the surface to avoid instabilities. The number of control states of the compensator is then reduced by removing states having negligible effects on the plant, and a smaller set of control laws are optimized and then adjusted based on analytical models bench and wind-tunnel testing.
摘要翻译：具有分布式应变致动器的自适应板结构由动态补偿器控制，动态补偿器实现基于模型的例如线性二次高斯（LQG）控制方法得到的多输入多输出控制规律。控制自适应提升表面，用于机动增强，颤振和振动抑制，以及位于结构中性轴线上方特定高度处的复合材料薄片内或由复合材料薄片包围的压电陶瓷元件的阵风和负载减轻。传感器检测低阶结构模式的幅度，分布式执行器驱动或抑制这些和其他模式。控制器由使用常规控制软件的实验和理论模型构建，具有许多事件识别模式和编程用于调节表面的控制算法以避免不稳定性。然后通过去除对工厂具有可忽略的影响的状态来减少补偿器的控制状态的数量，并且基于分析模型台架和风洞测试来优化较小的一组控制规律，然后进行调整。

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