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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials
    • 含碳材料的氢化
    • US4206032A
    • 1980-06-03
    • US887566
    • 1978-03-17
    • Joseph FriedmanCarl L. ObergLarry H. Russell
    • Joseph FriedmanCarl L. ObergLarry H. Russell
    • C10J3/46C10G1/06C10G1/00C01B13/00C10J3/00
    • C10G1/06Y10S585/911
    • A method for reacting pulverized coal with heated hydrogen-rich gas to form hydrocarbon liquids suitable for conversion to fuels wherein the reaction involves injection of pulverized coal entrained in a minimum amount of gas and mixing the entrained coal at ambient temperature with a separate source of heated hydrogen. In accordance with the present invention, the hydrogen is heated by reacting a small portion of the hydrogen-rich gas with oxygen in a first reaction zone to form a gas stream having a temperature in excess of about 1000.degree. C. and comprising a major amount of hydrogen and a minor amount of water vapor. The coal particles then are reacted with the hydrogen in a second reaction zone downstream of the first reaction zone. The products of reaction may be rapidly quenched as they exit the second reaction zone and are subsequently collected.
    • 一种使粉煤与加热的富氢气体反应以形成适于转化为燃料的烃液体的方法,其中反应涉及将夹带在最少量气体中的粉煤进行注入,并将环境温度下的夹带煤与单独的加热源 氢。 根据本发明,通过在第一反应区中使一小部分富氢气体与氧反应来加热氢气,以形成温度超过约1000℃的气流并且包含主要量 的氢气和少量的水蒸汽。 煤颗粒然后在第一反应区下游的第二反应区中与氢反应。 当反应产物离开第二反应区并随后被收集时,反应产物可迅速淬灭。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Hydropyrolysis process
    • 水热解过程
    • US4597776A
    • 1986-07-01
    • US693319
    • 1985-01-22
    • Alan Z. UllmanJacob SilvermanJoseph Friedman
    • Alan Z. UllmanJacob SilvermanJoseph Friedman
    • C07C1/00C07C9/04C10J3/00C10J3/46
    • C10J3/00C07C1/00C07C9/04C10J3/84C10K1/004C10K1/005C10K3/04C10L3/08C10L3/102C10J2300/093C10J2300/0959C10J2300/0973C10J2300/1618C10J2300/1621C10J2300/1662C10J2300/1687C10J2300/1823C10J2300/1838Y10S585/943
    • An improved process for producing a methane-enriched gas wherein a hydrogen-deficient carbonaceous material is treated with a hydrogen-containing pyrolysis gas at an elevated temperature and pressure to produce a product gas mixture including methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The improvement comprises passing the product gas mixture sequentially through a water-gas shift reaction zone and a gas separation zone to provide separate gas streams of methane and of a recycle gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane for recycle to the process. A controlled amount of steam also is provided which when combined with the recycle gas provides a pyrolysis gas for treatment of additional hydrogen-deficient carbonaceous material. The amount of steam used and the conditions within the water-gas shift reaction zone and gas separation zone are controlled to obtain a steady-state composition of pyrolysis gas which will comprise hydrogen as the principal constituent and a minor amount of carbon monoxide, steam and methane so that no external source of hydrogen is needed to supply the hydrogen requirements of the process. In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment, conditions are controlled such that there also is produced a significant quantity of benzene as a valuable coproduct.
    • 一种用于生产甲烷富集气体的改进方法,其中在高温和高压下用含氢热解气处理含氢缺乏的碳质材料以产生包括甲烷,一氧化碳和氢气的产物气体混合物。 改进包括使产物气体混合物依次通过水煤气变换反应区和气体分离区,以提供甲烷和包含氢气,一氧化碳和甲烷的再循环气体的分离的气流,以循环进行该过程。 还提供了控制量的蒸汽,当与再循环气体组合时,提供了用于处理另外的氢缺乏碳质材料的热解气体。 控制使用的蒸汽量和水煤气变换反应区和气体分离区内的条件以获得将包含氢作为主要成分的热解气体的稳态组成和少量的一氧化碳,蒸汽和 甲烷,因此不需要外部氢源来提供该方法的氢气需求。 根据特别优选的实施方案,控制条件使得还产生显着量的苯作为有价值的副产物。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Moveable device component with acoustic porting
    • 具有声学移动功能的移动设备组件
    • US20060088179A1
    • 2006-04-27
    • US10973231
    • 2004-10-26
    • Nicolas GuyotJoseph Friedman
    • Nicolas GuyotJoseph Friedman
    • H04B17/00H04R9/08H04R11/04
    • H04R1/342H04R2499/11
    • An acoustic porting arrangement is provided that uses sound pressure signal ports (202, 112) to enhance speaker (406) and microphone cartridge (402) performance when mounting the speaker (406) on a moveable component, such as a flip part (102) of a flip-type cellular phone (100). A speaker acoustic path (504) is incorporated into the moveable component (102) to enhance the acoustic performance of an acoustic transducer (406). A microphone acoustic pathway (502) is also created through the moveable component (102) that delivers sound pressure energy to a microphone (402) that is mounted on a base (104) when the moveable component (102) is in its closed position and covering the microphone (108). Some embodiments reuse a surface acoustic port (202) for both paths.
    • 提供了一种声学输送装置,当将扬声器(406)安装在诸如翻转部分(102)的可移动部件上时,其使用声压信号端口(202,112)来增强扬声器(406)和麦克风盒(402)性能, 的倒车式蜂窝电话(100)。 扬声器声学路径(504)被结合到可移动部件(102)中以增强声换能器(406)的声学性能。 当可移动部件(102)处于其关闭位置时,还通过可移动部件(102)产生麦克风声学路径(502),所述可移动部件(102)将声压能传递到安装在基座(104)上的麦克风(402) 覆盖麦克风(108)。 一些实施例对于两个路径重用表面声学端口(202)。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Hydrogenation apparatus
    • 氢化装置
    • US4275034A
    • 1981-06-23
    • US71897
    • 1979-09-04
    • Joseph FriedmanCarl L. ObergLarry H. Russell
    • Joseph FriedmanCarl L. ObergLarry H. Russell
    • B01J8/12C10G1/06F27B15/08F27B15/10
    • C10G1/06B01J8/12
    • Hydrogenation reaction apparatus comprising a housing having walls which define a reaction zone and conduits for introducing streams of hydrogen and oxygen into the reaction zone, the oxygen being introduced into a central portion of the hydrogen stream to maintain a boundary layer of hydrogen along the walls of the reaction zone. A portion of the hydrogen and all of the oxygen react to produce a heated gas stream having a temperature within the range of from 1100.degree. to 1900.degree. C., while the boundary layer of hydrogen maintains the wall temperature at a substantially lower temperature. The heated gas stream is introduced into a hydrogenation reaction zone and provides the source of heat and hydrogen for a hydrogenation reaction. There also is provided means for quenching the products of the hydrogenation reaction. The present invention is particularly suitable for the hydrogenation of low-value solid carbonaceous materials to provide high yields of more valuable liquid and gaseous products.
    • 氢化反应装置包括具有限定反应区域的壁的壳体和用于将氢气和氧气流引入反应区域的管道,将氧气引入氢气流的中心部分以保持沿着 反应区。 一部分氢气和所有的氧气反应以产生温度在1100至1900℃的加热气流,而氢的边界层将壁温保持在基本上较低的温度。 将加热的气流引入氢化反应区,并为加氢反应提供热源和氢气源。 还提供了淬灭氢化反应产物的方法。 本发明特别适用于低价值固体碳质材料的氢化,以提供更高产量的更有价值的液体和气体产物。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method of producing olefins from hydrocarbons
    • 从烃生产烯烃的方法
    • US4256565A
    • 1981-03-17
    • US93423
    • 1979-11-13
    • Joseph FriedmanWilliam S. HinesFrederick D. RaniereJacob Silverman
    • Joseph FriedmanWilliam S. HinesFrederick D. RaniereJacob Silverman
    • C10G47/00B01J12/00B01J19/26C07C1/00C07C4/04C07C11/02C07C67/00C10G9/36C10G47/22
    • B01J19/26B01J12/005B01J2219/00119B01J2219/00121B01J2219/00159B01J2219/00164C10G2400/20
    • A method of producing high yields of olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks which is particularly applicable to heavy hydrocarbons. In accordance with the present method, a stream of gaseous oxygen is introduced into a first reaction zone and a cocurrent flow of hydrogen is introduced about the periphery of the gaseous oxygen stream, the hydrogen being introduced at a temperature at which it will spontaneously react with the oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen are introduced in amounts to provide a gas stream of reaction products having an average temperature within the range of from about 1,000.degree. to 2,000.degree. C. and which comprises a major amount of hydrogen and a minor amount of water vapor. The gas stream so produced is introduced into a second reaction zone and impinged upon a stream of hydrocarbon which is heated to a temperature in excess of its melting point but below the temperature at which any substantial coke or tar forms. The gas stream is introduced at a high velocity and in an amount to provide a flowing reaction mixture having a temperature within the range of from 800.degree. to 1,800.degree. C. The flowing mixture is maintained at that temperature for a time of from about 1 to 10 milliseconds to form olefins. Thereafter, the flowing mixture is rapidly quenched to arrest the reaction and the olefin products are recovered.
    • 从烃原料生产高产率烯烃的方法,其特别适用于重质烃。 根据本方法,将气态氧气流引入第一反应区,并且在气态氧气流的周围引入并流的氢气,氢气将在其将自发反应的温度下引入, 氧气。 引入氢气和氧气,以提供平均温度在约1,000℃至2000℃范围内并且包含主要量的氢气和少量水蒸气的反应产物的气流。 将如此生产的气流引入第二反应区并撞击到烃流中,该烃流被加热至超过其熔点但低于任何基本焦炭或焦油形成的温度。 将气流以高速度引入,并以一定量提供温度在800至1800℃的流动反应混合物。将流动的混合物在该温度下保持约1至 10毫秒形成烯烃。 此后,将流动的混合物快速骤冷以阻止反应,并回收烯烃产物。