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1. 发明授权

US06360331B2 Method and system for transparently failing over application configuration information in a server cluster 失效
标题翻译：在服务器集群中透明地将应用配置信息故障的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06360331B2
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09061857
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： John D. Vert , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： John D. Vert , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： H02H305
CPC分类号： G06F11/1662 , G06F11/203 , G06F11/2038 , H04L1/22
摘要： A method and system for transparently failing over a legacy application from a first system to a second system of a server cluster by tracking and checkpointing changes to application configuration information stored in a system's local registry. When an application running on the first system makes a change to the application configuration information in a subtree of the registry, the change is detected and a snapshot of the subtree's data is taken. The snapshot is written to a storage device shared by systems of the cluster, such as a quorum disk. When the application is failed over to a second system, the snapshot for that application is retrieved from the quorum disk and written to the registry of the second system in a corresponding subtree. The application is then run on the second system using the most-recent application configuration information as modified by the other system in the cluster.
摘要翻译：通过跟踪和检查点对存储在系统的本地注册表中的应用程序配置信息的更改来将传统应用程序从第一系统透明地故障转移到服务器集群的第二系统的方法和系统。当在第一系统上运行的应用程序更改注册表的子树中的应用程序配置信息时，检测到更改，并获取子树数据的快照。该快照将写入由集群系统共享的存储设备，例如仲裁磁盘。当应用程序故障切换到第二个系统时，该应用程序的快照从仲裁磁盘检索，并写入相应子树中的第二个系统的注册表。然后使用群集中其他系统修改的最新应用程序配置信息在第二个系统上运行该应用程序。

2. 发明授权

US06449734B1 Method and system for discarding locally committed transactions to ensure consistency in a server cluster 失效
标题翻译：丢弃本地提交的事务的方法和系统，以确保服务器集群的一致性
公开(公告)号：US06449734B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09062211
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： Sunita Shrivastava , John D. Vert
发明人： Sunita Shrivastava , John D. Vert
IPC分类号： H02H305
CPC分类号： G06F11/1662 , G06F11/1425 , G06F17/30371 , Y10S707/99938
摘要： A method and system for forming a new cluster of servers having state data that is consistent with the state data of a cluster that previously existed. The previous cluster preserves its state data by recording transactions to a log file in conjunction with a sequence number maintained by each node. The node that recorded the transaction then increments its copy of the sequence number and attempts to replicate the transaction to other nodes of the cluster. If the transaction is replicated, each other node commits the transaction and increments its sequence number. If the node fails before it can replicate the transaction, then no other nodes will increment their sequence numbers, whereby the next logged transaction has the same sequence number as the previously logged, but orphaned replicated transaction. When a new node forms a cluster, it unrolls the log file so as to become consistent with the state of the previous cluster. Logged transactions having duplicate sequence numbers indicate that the first such transaction was not fully replicated. To remain consistent, the first transaction is discarded and not used to update the state of the new cluster.
摘要翻译：一种用于形成具有状态数据的新的服务器集群的方法和系统，该状态数据与先前存在的集群的状态数据一致。先前的集群通过将事务记录到日志文件中并通过每个节点维护的序列号来保留其状态数据。记录事务的节点然后增加其序列号的副本，并尝试将事务复制到集群的其他节点。如果事务被复制，则每个其他节点提交事务并递增它的序列号。如果节点在复制事务之前失败，则其他节点将不会增加其序列号，从而下一个记录的事务与先前记录但是孤立的复制事务具有相同的序列号。当一个新节点形成一个集群时，它会展开该日志文件，以便与上一个集群的状态保持一致。具有重复序列号的记录事务表明第一个此类事务未完全复制。为了保持一致性，第一个事务被丢弃，不用于更新新集群的状态。

3. 发明授权

US6163855A Method and system for replicated and consistent modifications in a server cluster 失效
标题翻译：在服务器集群中进行复制和一致修改的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US6163855A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-19
申请号：US62359
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： Sunita Shrivastava , Rod Gamache , John D. Vert
发明人： Sunita Shrivastava , Rod Gamache , John D. Vert
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1443 , G06F2201/82
摘要： A method and system for communicating modification information to servers in a server cluster. Local changes, such as modifications to a resource requested at one node, are associated into a single transaction. A master node, such as the node that owns the set of resources corresponding to the modifications in the transaction requests permission from a locker node to replicate the transaction. When permission to replicate the transaction is received from the locker node, the master node replicates the transaction by requesting each node in the cluster, one node at a time, to commit the transaction. Any node that does not commit the transaction is removed from the cluster, ensuring consistency of the cluster. Failure conditions of any node or nodes are also handled in a manner that ensures consistency.
摘要翻译：用于将修改信息传送到服务器集群中的服务器的方法和系统。本地更改（例如对在一个节点请求的资源的修改）与单个事务相关联。主节点（例如拥有与事务中的修改相对应的资源集合的节点）从存储器节点请求许可以复制事务。当从更衣室节点接收到复制事务的权限时，主节点通过请求集群中的每个节点（一次一个节点）来提交事务来复制事务。任何未提交事务的节点都将从集群中删除，以确保集群的一致性。任何节点或节点的故障条件也以确保一致性的方式进行处理。

4. 发明授权

US07451347B2 Failover scopes for nodes of a computer cluster 有权
标题翻译：计算机集群节点的故障转移范围
公开(公告)号：US07451347B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-11
申请号：US10962010
申请日：2004-10-08
申请人： Chittur P. Subbaraman , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： Chittur P. Subbaraman , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/2028 , G06F11/2035
摘要： A failover scope comprises a node collection in a computer cluster. A resource group (e.g., application program) is associated with one or more failover scopes. If a node fails, its hosted resource groups only failover to nodes identified in each resource group's associated failover scope(s), beginning with a first associated failover scope, in order, thereby defining an island of nodes within which a resource group can failover. If unable to failover to a node of a resource group's first failover scope, failover is attempted to a node represented in any next associated failover scope, which may require manual intervention. Failover scopes may represent geographic sites, whereby each resource group attempts to failover to nodes within its site before failing over to another site. Failover scopes may be managed by the cluster runtime automatically, e.g., an added node is detectable as belonging to a site represented by a failover scope.
摘要翻译：故障转移范围包括计算机集群中的节点集合。资源组（例如，应用程序）与一个或多个故障切换范围相关联。如果一个节点出现故障，则其托管的资源组只能按顺序从第一个关联的故障切换范围开始故障转移到从每个资源组的关联故障切换范围中识别的节点，从而定义资源组可以在其中进行故障切换的节点岛。如果无法故障切换到资源组的第一个故障转移范围的节点，则会尝试在任何下一个关联的故障切换范围中表示的节点进行故障转移，这可能需要手动干预。故障转移范围可以表示地理站点，由此每个资源组都尝试故障切换到其站点内的节点，然后再故障转移到另一个站点。故障转移范围可以由集群运行时自动管理，例如，添加的节点可被检测为属于由故障转移范围表示的站点。

5. 发明授权

US06662219B1 System for determining at subgroup of nodes relative weight to represent cluster by obtaining exclusive possession of quorum resource 有权
标题翻译：用于通过获得独占拥有法定资源来确定节点的相对权重的系统来表示聚类
公开(公告)号：US06662219B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US09464738
申请日：1999-12-15
申请人： Gor Nishanov , Glenn R. Peterson , Rod Gamache , Michael T. Massa , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： Gor Nishanov , Glenn R. Peterson , Rod Gamache , Michael T. Massa , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04L67/10
摘要： A method and system wherein following a partitioning of a server cluster, operational subgroups arbitrate for possession of a quorum resource that determines cluster representation, wherein the arbitration is biased by a relative weight of the subgroup. The weight may be relative to the original cluster weight, or submitted as a bid that is relative to other possible subgroup weights. The biasing gives subgroups that are better capable of representing the cluster an arbitration advantage over lesser subgroups. The biasing weight of each subgroup may be determined by node count and/or by a calculation of the subgroup's resources. The arbitration may be delayed based on the relative weight, or alternatively, the arbitration may comprise a bidding process in which a subgroup's bid is based on the subgroup's relative weight.
摘要翻译：一种方法和系统，其中遵循服务器集群的划分，操作子组仲裁以存储确定集群表示的仲裁资源，其中所述仲裁被所述子组的相对权重偏置。权重可能相对于原始集群权重，或作为相对于其他可能的子组权重的出价提交。偏倚给出能够更好地表示集群的子组比较少子组的仲裁优势。每个子组的偏置权重可以通过节点数和/或通过子组资源的计算来确定。仲裁可以基于相对权重延迟，或者可选地，仲裁可以包括投标过程，其中子组的投标基于子组的相对权重。

6. 发明授权

US5455600A Method and apparatus for mapping colors in an image through dithering and diffusion 失效
标题翻译：用于通过抖动和扩散来映射图像中的颜色的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5455600A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US68925
申请日：1993-05-27
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/06 , H04N1/52 , G09G1/28
CPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G5/06 , H04N1/52 , G09G3/2051 , G09G3/2059
摘要： A high color resolution image is accurately approximated with a low resolution image through a unique combination of ordered dithering and error diffusion. The true color of each pixel is modified with error from previously rendered pixels and then dithered to an intermediate color of 15 bits. The intermediate color is then mapped to the nearest displayable color in a displayable color palette using a precomputed look-up table. Any error between a displayed color of a pixel and its true color is calculated and spread among neighboring pixels not yet rendered.
摘要翻译：通过有序抖动和误差扩散的独特组合，高分辨率图像通过低分辨率图像精确近似。每个像素的真实颜色由先前渲染的像素的错误修改，然后抖动到15位的中间色。然后使用预先计算的查找表将中间颜色映射到可显示调色板中最接近的可显示颜色。计算像素的显示颜色与其真实颜色之间的任何误差，并且在尚未呈现的相邻像素之间进行分散。

7. 发明授权

US5394518A Luminance sensitive palette 失效
公开(公告)号：US5394518A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US69173
申请日：1993-05-27
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06F15/62
CPC分类号： G06T11/001
摘要： A custom palette comprises colors on a plurality of luminance levels consisting of colors of uniform luminance. The spacing in luminance between levels varies in relation to the luminance, the spacing between levels being closer at low luminance and increasing at greater luminance. The palette preferably includes a gray color from each luminance level, highly saturated colors at the vertices of every alternate level, and a selection of lower saturation colors encircling the gray color on each level. The selection of lower saturation colors preferably includes a higher concentration of flesh and sky colors.

8. 发明授权

US08850018B2 Consistent cluster operational data in a server cluster using a quorum of replicas 有权
公开(公告)号：US08850018B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-30
申请号：US13156305
申请日：2011-06-08
申请人： Michael T. Massa , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： Michael T. Massa , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F11/08 , G06F17/30 , G06F11/18 , G06F11/14 , G06F11/20 , G06F11/16
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F11/1425 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1479 , G06F11/1482 , G06F11/1662 , G06F11/181 , G06F11/182 , G06F11/2023 , G06F11/2035 , G06F11/2058 , G06F2201/82
摘要： A method and system for increasing server cluster availability by requiring at a minimum only one node and a quorum replica set of replica members to form and operate a cluster. Replica members maintain cluster operational data. A cluster operates when one node possesses a majority of replica members, which ensures that any new or surviving cluster includes consistent cluster operational data via at least one replica member from the immediately prior cluster. Arbitration provides exclusive ownership by one node of the replica members, including at cluster formation, and when the owning node fails. Arbitration uses a fast mutual exclusion algorithm and a reservation mechanism to challenge for and defend the exclusive reservation of each member. A quorum replica set algorithm brings members online and offline with data consistency, including updating unreconciled replica members, and ensures consistent read and update operations.

9. 发明申请

US20110238842A1 CONSISTENT CLUSTER OPERATIONAL DATA IN A SERVER CLUSTER USING A QUORUM OF REPLICAS 有权
标题翻译：服务器群集中的一致性集群数据使用REPLICAS的一个QUORUM
公开(公告)号：US20110238842A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：US13156305
申请日：2011-06-08
申请人： Michael T. Massa , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： Michael T. Massa , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F11/1425 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1479 , G06F11/1482 , G06F11/1662 , G06F11/181 , G06F11/182 , G06F11/2023 , G06F11/2035 , G06F11/2058 , G06F2201/82
摘要： A method and system for increasing server cluster availability by requiring at a minimum only one node and a quorum replica set of replica members to form and operate a cluster. Replica members maintain cluster operational data. A cluster operates when one node possesses a majority of replica members, which ensures that any new or surviving cluster includes consistent cluster operational data via at least one replica member from the immediately prior cluster. Arbitration provides exclusive ownership by one node of the replica members, including at cluster formation, and when the owning node fails. Arbitration uses a fast mutual exclusion algorithm and a reservation mechanism to challenge for and defend the exclusive reservation of each member. A quorum replica set algorithm brings members online and offline with data consistency, including updating unreconciled replica members, and ensures consistent read and update operations.
摘要翻译：通过至少要求一个节点和副本成员的仲裁复制集来形成和操作集群，来提高服务器集群可用性的方法和系统。副本成员维护集群操作数据。当一个节点拥有大多数副本成员时，集群就会运行，从而确保任何新的或存活的集群通过至少一个来自紧接在前的集群的副本成员包括一致的集群操作数据。仲裁提供复制成员的一个节点的独占所有权，包括在集群形成时以及所有节点出现故障时。仲裁使用快速互斥算法和保留机制来挑战和保护每个成员的独家保留。仲裁复制集算法使成员在线和离线具有数据一致性，包括更新未协调的副本成员，并确保一致的读取和更新操作。

10. 发明申请

US20110238813A1 CONSISTENT CLUSTER OPERATIONAL DATA IN A SERVER CLUSTER USING A QUORUM OF REPLICAS 有权
公开(公告)号：US20110238813A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：US13156315
申请日：2011-06-08
申请人： MICHAEL T. MASSA , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
发明人： MICHAEL T. MASSA , David A. Dion , Rajsekhar Das , Rushabh A. Doshi , David B. Lomet , Gor N. Nishanov , Philip A. Bernstein , Rod N. Gamache , Rohit Jain , Sunita Shrivastava
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F11/1425 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1479 , G06F11/1482 , G06F11/1662 , G06F11/181 , G06F11/182 , G06F11/2023 , G06F11/2035 , G06F11/2058 , G06F2201/82
摘要： A method and system for increasing server cluster availability by requiring at a minimum only one node and a quorum replica set of replica members to form and operate a cluster. Replica members maintain cluster operational data. A cluster operates when one node possesses a majority of replica members, which ensures that any new or surviving cluster includes consistent cluster operational data via at least one replica member from the immediately prior cluster. Arbitration provides exclusive ownership by one node of the replica members, including at cluster formation, and when the owning node fails. Arbitration uses a fast mutual exclusion algorithm and a reservation mechanism to challenge for and defend the exclusive reservation of each member. A quorum replica set algorithm brings members online and offline with data consistency, including updating unreconciled replica members, and ensures consistent read and update operations.

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